Functional constipation during and after pregnancy

Functional constipation is a common problem in pregnancy and postpartum period and is now considered not just a medical problem but also a factor influencing the quality of life. The frequency of defecation differs in people. Recent years specialists prefer personalized evaluation of the frequency of defecation for exact diagnostics of the condition, but not the classic definition. Functional constipation in pregnancy is caused by functional and anatomy changes of gastrointestinal tract and also by hormonal changes in pregnancy. Early diagnosis and correction of this pathology is one of the main objectives when managing normal pregnancy. This review covers current information on the theme, contains recommendations about the lifestyle during pregnancy and postpartum period and treatment options. Some foreign and Russian authors note the effectiveness of sodium picosulfate which accelerates the passage of the feces in a short time. It can be used during II and III trimesters of pregnancy as well as in the postpartum period and breastfeeding. Thus, complex correction of factors causing functional constipation decreases the risk of colon diseases as well as of all gastrointestinal tract in pregnant women and in the puerperium

The role of dydrogesterone in habitual miscarriage

Habitual miscarriage is a fairly common complication of early pregnancy. In the opinion of most authors, the term habitual miscarriage is used to describe a loss of two or more pregnancies during the first 22 weeks of pregnancy. Issues of terminology and management continue to be relevant and debatable in medical professional communities and need further discussion. In addition to the medical sides of the issue, habitual miscarriage has a significant psychological impact on women and their partners. Regardless of the gestational age, the loss of pregnancy for most couples is similar in importance to the loss of a newborn and is associated with the loss of hope and plans that future parents connected with a baby who has not yet been born. After repeated losses, bereavement and emotional upheaval are further exacerbated irrespective of the term of abortion. Repeated pregnancy loss is a significant negative event in the life of a couple both from a medical and psychological point of view, that’s why the provision of adequate medical care is one of the objectives of a specialist managing pregnancy. This also involves the choice of effective disease management. Previously it was shown that luteal phase deficiency might be the cause of this phenomenon, and that hormonal deficiency had to be replenished. Many modern publications confirm that progesterone and its derivatives have an important immunomodulatory role in the habitual miscarriage. The article describes the role of progesterone in maintaining pregnancy and the results of studies devoted to the role of dydrogesterone. It also presents data of international studies on the treatment of women with habitual miscarriage

Using the Minor Variant Finder software to identify and quantify the allelic burden level of somatic mutations in oncohematologic diseases

Background. There are problems related to both quantitative assessment of an allele burden level of a mutant gene and interpretation of results in DNA samples with the burden level of the mutant allele less than 15–20 %, when using Sanger sequencing for analyzing somatic mutations. Applied Biosystems (USA) has developed new software Minor Variant Finder, which allows determining mutations with the allele burden level from 5 %.The objective: to determine the allele burden level and identification of minor variants of somatic mutations in the ASXL1, JAK2 genes and BCR-ABL oncogene using Minor Variant Finder software in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms.Materials and methods. The level of mutant allele burden for 15 patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms was determined by the identified mutations using the Minor Variant Finder software, after analysis of point somatic mutations in the ASXL1, JAK2 genes and BCR-ABL oncogene by Sanger sequencing.Results. The allele burden level in all 5 ASXL1-positive samples and BCR-ABL-positive sample was determined as higher than 20 % using the Minor Variant Finder software. The allele burden level in 2 cases was higher than 20 % and in 7 cases lower than 20 %, when we analyzed 9 JAK2-positive samples.Conclusion. Minor Variant Finder software can be used to estimate the allele burden level and to identify minor variants of somatic mutations in the ASXL, JAK2 and BCR-ABL genes

Staffing the Priority Directions of the Socio-Economic Development: Situation and Problems

The goal of this original research paper is to analyze the state and the staffing problems of the priority directions of the socio-economic development in Russia and to reveal the required directions to modify the staffing approaches within the continuous education in general and in higher education institutions in particular. We here study and generalize the contents of the state programmes, which support the priority directions of the socio-economic development in Russia in terms of staffing, consider questions of the methodological and legal aspects to support these programmes with regards to manpower training. Our research has shown that in most of cases the implementation of the programmes is not supported by the required amount of staffing of various skill levels. This fact requires revisiting and reworking of these state programmes within one framework. Based on this analysis, this article proposes the concept of such framework together with a specially designed model to monitor and assess the state of the continuous professional education system, which can form the basis for further deeper theoretical and applied research and development both in the field of continuous education and in the area of educational institution development and management. This work presents results of the unique and complex generalized analysis of the state and the staffing problems of the government programmes, the analysis being carried out for the first time in practice. These results can be implemented in practice by the government officials and management to undertake the actions of revisiting and reworking the socio-economic programmes and to take managerial decisions to further sharpen the structure and develop the system of the professional continuous education.Цель настоящей исследовательской статьи – проанализировать состояние и проблемы обеспеченности кадрами приоритетных направлений социально-экономического развития России и выявить следующие из анализа направления реструктуризации подготовки кадров в системе непрерывного образования в целом и в вузах в частности. В статье анализируется и обобщается содержание государственных программ, обеспечивающих реализацию приоритетных направлений социально-экономического развития России в части их обеспеченности подготовкой кадров, рассматриваются вопросы методологического и правового обеспечения содержания государственных программ в части подготовки кадров для их реализации. Исследование показало, что в большинстве случаев реализация государственных программ не обеспечивается необходимыми объемами подготовки кадров различной квалификации, что требует переработки государственных программ на единой методологической основе. На основе проведенного анализа предложена концепция такой переработки и возможная модель мониторинга и оценки состояния системы непрерывного профессионального образования, которые могут быть основой для последующих углубленных исследований и прикладных разработок как в сфере непрерывного профессионального образования в целом, так и в сфере управления развитием вузов. В работе представлены результаты комплексного обобщенного анализа состояния и проблем обеспеченности государственных программ кадрами соответствующей квалификации, который до настоящего времени не проводился, результаты статьи могут использоваться органами управления при переработке государственных программ и принятии управленческих решений о совершенствовании структуры и развитии системы непрерывного профессионального образования

Periodical Cycle of Training for Additional Vocational Education: Facts and Demands

This article addresses the analysis of the demand in education according to the further vocational programs and requirements to the recurrence of such education for various categories of employees. An estimate of major directions of the development of the system for further vocational education is conducted, based on the topics of the educational programs, types of educational institutions, and amount of studies.В статье проанализирована потребность в обучении по программам дополнительного профессионального образования и требования к периодичности такого обучения для разных категорий работников, проведена оценка основных направлений развития системы дополнительного профессионального образования по направленности образовательных программ, видам образовательных организаций и объемам обучения