MHD Simulations of Magnetospheric Accretion, Ejection and Plasma-field Interaction

We review recent axisymmetric and three-dimensional (3D) magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) numerical simulations of magnetospheric accretion, plasma-field interaction and outflows from the disk-magnetosphere boundary.Comment: 11 pages, 8 figures, conference proceedings: "Physics at the Magnetospheric Boundary", Geneva, Switzerland, 25-28 June, 201

2-aminoaethanesulfonic acid compounds possess protective property in reperfusion-induced heart jnjury

The study aim was to explore pharmacological effects of 2-aminoaethansulfonic acid compounds in reperfusion-induced heart injury. The study was performed on rats and dogs of both sexes, isolated rats’ hearts. Two compounds of 2-aminoethanesulfonic acid, magnesium-containing (LBK-527) and phenylacetamide-containing (LKhT-317) were investigate

Diversity of avenanthramide content in wild and cultivated oats

Background. Oat grains accumulate substantial amounts of various phenolic compounds that possess biological activity and have a potential to considerably increase health benefits of oats as a food. Avenanthramides (AVA) is an important group of these compounds due to their antioxidant, anti-itching, anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative activities.Materials and methods. Using combined HPLC and LC-MS analyses, we provide the first comprehensive review of the total avenanthramide content and composition in cultivated and wild oats. The AVA content was measured in 32 wild and 120 cultivated oat accessions obtained from the global collection of the N.I. Vavilov Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR), St. Petersburg, Russia.Results and conclusion. The wild hexaploid A. sterilis L. had the highest total AVA content, reaching 1825 mg kg–1. Among cultivated accessions, naked oat cv. ‘Numbat’ (Australia) had the highest AVA content, 586 mg kg–1. The AVA composition exhibited a wide diversity among the analyzed samples. Accessions were identified where AVAs A, B and C, which are generally considered as major AVA, had a low percentage, and instead other AVAs prevailed. The AVA content in eight oat cultivars revealed significant annual changes in both the total AVA content and the proportions of individual AVAs. Using HPLC analyses, 22 distinguishable peaks in AVA extracts of oat seeds were detected and quantified. Several of these peaks, which have not been previously documented, presumably represent different AVAs. Further analyses are needed to detail these findings and to determine the specific AVA structures in oat grains

May Measurement Month 2017 in Russia: hypertension treatment and control-Europe

Elevated blood pressure (BP) is a growing burden worldwide, leading to over 10 million deaths each year. May Measurement Month (MMM) is a global initiative by the International Society of Hypertension aimed at raising awareness of high BP and to act as a temporary solution to the lack of screening programs worldwide. The most recent publication compared data from three surveys performed in Russian population aged 25-64 showed that the prevalence of hypertension increased by approximately 20% from 2003 to 2013. This study presents screening data collected in 2017 though the MMM17 initiative in Russia. An opportunistic cross-sectional survey of volunteers aged ≥18 was carried out in May 2017 in 19 Russian cities. Blood pressure measurement, the definition of hypertension, and statistical analysis followed the standard MMM protocol. The recruitment of MMM17 participants in Russia occurred in shopping malls, colleges and universities, supermarkets, business centres, parks, and squares. Russian young cardiologists as an official section of Russian Society of Cardiology was actively involved. A total of 5660 individuals were screened. After multiple imputation, 2709 (47.9%) had hypertension. Of individuals not receiving antihypertensive medication, 753 (20.3%) were hypertensive. Of individuals receiving antihypertensive medication, 1094 (55.9%) had uncontrolled BP. Comparing with the worldwide results of MMM17 screening, Russian participants had a higher proportion of hypertension, comparable antihypertensive prescription rate, and worse hypertension control. Thus, the MMM17 project appears to be an important step in evaluating hypertension burden in Russia and emphasizes the further need to improve hypertension awareness, treatment, and control

Single nucleotide polymorphism and expression of genes for immune competent cell proliferation and differentiation in radiation-exposed individuals

It is known that ionizing radiation influences the expression of the genes that play a key role in the mechanisms of maintaining the stability of cellular homeostasis. As a rule, changes in the transcriptome of an exposed cell occur within the first 24 hours following radiation exposure. And it predetermines early response in the case of genome damage. Later on modulations in gene transcription activity are also possible and could result in a carcinogenic effect. However, in order to find the role of exogenous factors (ionizing radiation), it is also necessary to take into account the contribution of endogenous factors that are able to modify gene transcription activity. This is especially important for long after the onset of radiation exposure. Single nucleotide polymorphisms located in regulatory regions of the genes may belong to this group of factors. The objective of the current study was to analyze the influence of ionizing radiation on the transcription activity of the STAT3, GATA3, NFkB1, PADI4 genes, which regulate proliferation and differentiation of immune competent human cells; and to assess the potential influence of single nucleotide polymorphisms located in regulatory regions of the genes on the amount of mRNA. The study involved people who had been chronically exposed due to releases of radioactive waste into the Techa River. It was observed that 60 years after the onset of radiation exposure changes in the transcription activity of the NFkB1 and PADI4 genes were registered in people with cumulative doses to RBM within the range 78–3510 mGy. In people who had been chronically exposed, the effect of allelic variations in rs1053023, rs4143094, rs28362491, rs874881 on the level of mRNAs of the STAT3, GATA3, PADI4, NFkB1 genes has not been established

Transcriptional activity of repair, apoptosis and cell cycle genes (TP53, MDM2, ATM, BAX, BCL-2, CDKN1A, OGG1, XPC, PADI4, MAPK8, NF-KB1, STAT3, GATA3) in chronically exposed persons with different intensity of apoptosis of peripheral blood lymphocytes

Transcriptional activity of genes involved in maintaining genetic homeostasis (genes for repair, cell cycle and apoptosis: TP53, MDM2, ATM, BAX, BCL-2, CDKN1A, OGG1, XPC, PADI4, MAPK8, NF-KB1, STAT3, GATA3) was studied in chronically exposed persons with an increased intensity of early and late stages of apoptosis and necrosis of peripheral blood lymphocytes. The object of this study was peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from 132 chronically exposed residents of the Techa riverside villages. The mean accumulated dose to red bone marrow was 426.4±48.2 mGy (1.3–2930.0 mGy), to thymus and peripheral immune organs, 58.9±7.9 mGy (0.1–489.0 mGy). The study was performed more than 60 years after the onset of exposure, the average age of exposed persons was 68±0.6 years (55–86 years). The study of apoptotic and necrotic death of peripheral blood lymphocytes was based on the presence of phosphatidylserine on the cell membrane surface, as well as on its permeability for DNA-intercalating dye. Evaluation of the relative content of mRNA genes for repair, cell cycle, and apoptosis was carried out using real-time PCR. An increased relative content of PADI4 gene mRNA was registered in the group of chronically exposed persons with the increased intensity of early apoptosis (p = 0.006). Modulation of the relative content of mRNA of the TP53 (p = 0.013) and BCL-2 (p = 0.021) genes was detected in the group of chronically exposed individuals with the increased intensity of the late stage of apoptosis. A statistically significant increase in the transcriptional activity of the TP53 gene was observed in the group of chronically exposed persons with the increased intensity of peripheral blood lymphocyte necrosis in the long-term period (p = 0.015). In the course of the study it was noted that exposed people with increased intensity of apoptosis, first of all, demonstrate changes in the transcriptional activity of apoptotic genes. These data are consistent with current views on the activation of programmed cell death

Metal-containing taurine compounds protect rat’s brain in reperfusion-induced injury

The study aim was to explore a neuroprotective action of magnesium (LKhT-317) and zinc (LKhT-318) taurine salts on experimental models of reperfusion brain damage in rats and cell cultur

Clinical anatomy features of the buccal part of the facial vein.

Abstract. Surgical interventions such as bishectomy or the oroantral fis�sure closure using the buccal extension of the buccal fat pad performed with transoral incision, which is associated with a significant number of risks. These risks include damaging of the facial vein and there is no in�formation its relationships with the fat body of the cheek in literature. The aim of the study is to describe the features of the clinical anatomy of the buccal part of the facial vein and its relationships with the buc�cal extention of the buccal fat pad. Materials and methods. We used 30 fresh cadavers heads, 15 both males and females. Vessels been filled with silicone compound according to the M. Landofi method. Topo�graphic and anatomical study was performed by layer-by-layer dissection on each side, so the total number of observations was 60. The relation of the facial vein to the facial artery, buccal fat pad and buccal muscle were described. Dissection results were photographed and recorded. Results. The facial vein was founded in 82% (n=49) cases. Were found 3 types of the relationship between the facial vein and the buccal fat pad. In the first type (58%; n=35), the facial vein passes through the buccal region between the outer surface of the buccal muscle and the buccal extension of the buccal fat pad. In the second type (15%; n=9), the fa�cial vein lies on the surface of the buccal muscle anteriorly to the buc�cal fat pad. The third type (8%; n=5) — the facial vein lies superficially, outward from the buccal fat pad. In most cases the combined weight of 1 and 2 types of the facial vein relationships was 73% (n=44), the fa�cial vein in the buccal region lies in the space between the buccal fat pad and the buccal muscle, crossing the most common horizontal inci�sions. Conclusions. The different types of the facial vein and buccal fat pad relationships should be taken into account as a potential risk factor during planning surgical interventions. Since in most cases the course of the facial vein crossing with the direction of the most common sur�gical incision, it is necessary to look for other safer options for surgical access to the buccal fat pad