A bioactive peptide analogue for myxoma virus protein with a targeted cytotoxicity for human skin cancer in vitro

Background - Cancer is an international health problem, and the search for effective treatments is still in progress. Peptide therapy is focused on the development of short peptides with strong tumoricidal activity and low toxicity. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of a myxoma virus peptide analogue (RRM-MV) as a candidate for skin cancer therapy. RRM-MV was designed using the Resonant Recognition Model (RRM) and its effect was examined on human skin cancer and normal human skin cells in vitro

Features of micro- and ultrastructure of low-fat butter and its low-fat analogues

The aim of the research was to study the features of the structure of low-fat butter and butter pastes, which, in terms of composition and properties, more fully meet the requirements of a healthy diet than high-fat types of butter. The objects of research were: butter with fat content of 72.5%; butter with fat content of 55% made with the addition of skimmed milk powder; butter of the same fat content with the addition of stabilizers based on guar and xanthan gums and emulsifiers based on monoand diglycerides of fatty acids; butter pastes with fat content of 45% with similar additives used to increase the stability of the process of butter formation and improve the texture. The microstructure was studied using an MBI-6 microscope, and the ultramicrostructure was studied using a Phillips electron microscope. In the first case, the sample was prepared by crushing the sample, in the second one — by the method of ultrafast freeze-fracture and etching. Researches have shown that the use of the introduced ingredients improves the homogeneity of the structure of the studied products. Due to the ability of milk proteins and stabilizers to retain moisture, it is more evenly distributed and well retained in the fat matrix of the product, formed from crystalline and liquid fat in the form of a continuous phase, which is confirmed by a sufficient penetration depth of the fat-soluble dye. Plasma droplets in butter with fat content of 72.5% and 55% are more isolated than in butter pastes, as indicated by the greater penetration depth of the water-soluble dye. The average diameter of isolated moisture droplets in low-fat products was 3.3–5.4 μm, and the average diameter of the fat globules that form the basis of the crystalline framework was 5.4–7.4 μm, depending on the composition of the product. For butter with fat content of 72.5%, the values of these indicators were 2.8 and 4.0 μm. The results of the study indicate the presence of differences in the sizes of structural elements, but at the same time confirm the uniformity of the structure of low-fat products, allowing them to be attributed to dispersions «water-in-oil»

Dynamic Signal Compression for Robust Motion Vision in Flies

Sensory systems need to reliably extract information from highly variable natural signals. Flies, for instance, use optic flow to guide their course and are remarkably adept at estimating image velocity regardless of image statistics. Current circuit models, however, cannot account for this robustness. Here, we demonstrate that the Drosophila visual system reduces input variability by rapidly adjusting its sensitivity to local contrast conditions. We exhaustively map functional properties of neurons in the motion detection circuit and find that local responses are compressed by surround contrast. The compressive signal is fast, integrates spatially, and derives from neural feedback. Training convolutional neural networks on estimating the velocity of natural stimuli shows that this dynamic signal compression can close the performance gap between model and organism. Overall, our work represents a comprehensive mechanistic account of how neural systems attain the robustness to carry out survival-critical tasks in challenging real-world environments

ПУТИ ПОВЫШЕНИЯ ТОЧНОСТИ И ДОСТОВЕРНОСТИ ОЦЕНКИ ИНДИВИДУАЛЬНЫХ ДОЗ ПЕРСОНАЛА ТЕРМОЛЮМИНЕСЦЕНТНЫМ МЕТОДОМ

The paper analyses the main sources of measurement errors of individual doses in personnel performed within the thermoluminescence technique and gives recommendations to minimize these errors. The reasons that reduce reliability of effective dose assessments derived from measured values of personal dose equivalent are imperfections of guidance documents. Changes to the Guidelines «Organization and implementation of individual dosimetric control. Staff of health institutions» are justified.Рассмотрены основные источники погрешностей измерений индивидуальных доз персонала, осуществляемых термолюминесцентным методом. Даны рекомендации по минимизации этих погрешностей. Проанализированы причины, снижающие достоверность оценок эффективной дозы по измеренным значениям индивидуального эквивалента дозы, вызванные несовершенством методических документов. Обоснованы изменения, внесенные в методические указания «Организация и проведение индивидуального дозиметрического контроля. Персонал медицинских учреждений»

ВЛИЯНИЕ ФОРМЫ ЛЕКАРСТВЕННЫХ ПРЕПАРАТОВ НА ПРИВЕРЖЕННОСТЬ ЛЕЧЕНИЮ ПАЦИЕНТОВ С ТУБЕРКУЛЕЗОМОРГАНОВ ДЫХАНИЯ

The goal of the study: to investigate treatment adherence in respiratory tuberculosis patients depending on the choice of therapy.Subjects and methods: retrospective full-design study. The case histories of adult new tuberculosis cases who were treated in TB Dispensary in 2015 were analyzed. The groups were formed based on the intake of combined drugs with fixed doses (1 tablet contained 60 mg of isoniazid, 120 mg of rifampicin, 300 mg of pyrazinamide, 225 mg of ethambutol, and 20 mg of pyridoxine) – Group 1 (n = 38); or separate tablets in the doses as per drug use instructions (isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide, ethambutol) – Group 2 (n = 78). The groups were compatible as per sex, age, and clinical manifestations of tuberculosis. Patients from Group 1 with the weight of 60 kg received 5 tablets and patients from Group 2 received more than 12 tablets. Patients' adherence to treatment was assessed as per regularity of intake and number of doses during the intensive phase of treatment.Results. Patients from Group 1 were regularly taking anti-tuberculosis drugs, while in Group 2 there were interruptions of treatment (7-21 days) in 12 (15.4%) patients. In Group, the intensive phase increased up to 90.2 ± 30.6 doses and in Group 2 this increase made 131.6 ± 65.4 doses due to late sputum conversion. In Group 1, sputum conversion was achieved during the first month of treatment in 60% of patients; and in Group 2 – in 10% of cases (p = 0.044). The frequency of transaminase elevation as a side effect was higher in Group 1, but it did not result in discontinuation of drugs. Thus, the intake of combined medication with fixed doses improved tuberculosis patients' adherence to treatment.Цель исследования: определить приверженность к лечению у пациентов с туберкулезом органов дыхания в зависимости от выбора терапии.Материалы и методы: ретроспективное сплошное исследование. Проанализированы истории болезни взрослых пациентов с впервые выявленным туберкулезом, находившихся на лечении в ГБУЗ ТО «ОПТД» г. Тюмени в 2015 г. Группы сформированы по факту приема комбинированных препаратов с фиксированными дозами (в 1 таблетке – изониазид 60 мг, рифампицин 120 мг, пиразинамид 300 мг, этамбутол 225 мг, пиридоксин 20 мг) – 1-я группа (n = 38) или монопрепаратов в дозах, рекомендованных инструкциями к препаратам (изониазид, рифампицин, пиразинамид, этамбутол) – 2-я группа (n = 78). Группы сопоставимы по полу, возрасту, клиническим проявлениям туберкулеза. Пациенты с массой тела 60 кг в 1-й группе получали 5, а во 2-й – более 12 таблеток. Приверженность лечению у пациентов оценивали по регулярности приема и количеству доз в интенсивной фазе химиотерапии.Результаты. Пациенты 1-й группы принимали противотуберкулезные препараты регулярно, тогда как во 2-й группе регистрировали перерывы в лечении (7-21 день) у 12 (15,4%) пациентов. Интенсивная фаза увеличивалась в 1-й группе до 90,2 ± 30,6 дозы, а во 2-йгруппе – до 131,6 ± 65,4 дозы вследствие поздней негативации мокроты. В 1-й группе прекращение бактериовыделения на первом месяце лечения достигнуто в 60%, во 2-й группе – в 10% случаев (p = 0,044). Частота встречаемости побочных эффектов в виде увеличения трансаминаз в 1-й группе регистрировалась чаще, но отмены препаратов это за собой не повлекло. Таким образом, прием комбинированных препаратов с фиксированными дозами повышал приверженность пациентов к лечению туберкулеза.

Characteristics of offenses among minors are on the stationary involuntary treatment

86 adolescent patients, who are on inpatient involuntary treatment, were studied. It was determined that the leading data from minors are mentally retarded and organic mental disorders, schizophrenia and personality disorders were isolated. Analysis of socially dangerous actions showed that the predominant property offenses were committed as a rule in the band and on several episodes. The greatest dependence types of offenses with mental disorders have provided substance abuse, namely, substance abuse, most of the offense committed in a state of intoxication (alcohol, toxic, narcotic). Substance Abuse had expressed connection with the arson and intentional infliction of grievous bodily harm. Serious offenses - murder, single repeated robberies committed by patients with schizophrenia. And personality disorder had quite a strong bond as with the structure of an organic disorder, psychopathy as a group theft, single looting, robberies and thefts. Immaturity volitional components of metal reactions in mentally retarded adolescents led to the predominance of offenses as acts of hooliganism and rape.Изучено 86 пациентов подросткового возраста, находящиеся на стационарном принудительном лечении. определено, что ведущими у данных несовершеннолетних являлась умственная отсталость и органические психические расстройства, шизофрения и расстройства личности были единичными. анализ общественно опасных действий показал, что преобладающими были имущественные правонарушения совершаемые как правило в группе и по нескольким эпизодам. Наибольшую зависимость видов правонарушений с психической патологией предоставили наркологические заболевания, а именно токсикомании, большинстве случаев правонарушения совершались в состоянии опьянения (алкогольного, токсического, наркотического). токсикомании имели выраженную связь с поджогами и умышленному причинению тяжкого вреда здоровью. Тяжелые правонарушения – убийство, одиночные неоднократные грабежи совершены больными с шизофренией. И достаточно сильную связь имели личностные расстройства, как с структуре органического расстройства, так психопатии с групповыми кражами, одиночными грабежами, разбоями и угонами. Незрелость волевых компонентов психических реакций у умственно отсталых подростков, привели к преобладанию правонарушений в виде хулиганских поступков и изнасилования

Characteristics of offenses among minors are on the stationary involuntary treatment

Studied 86 adolescent patients who are on inpatient involuntary treatment. It was determined that the leading data from minors are mentally retarded and organic mental disorders, schizophrenia and personality disorders were isolated. Analysis of socially dangerous actions showed that the predominant property offenses were committed as a rule in the band and on several episodes. The greatest dependence types of offenses with mental disorders have provided substance abuse, namely, substance abuse, most of the offense committed in a state of intoxication (alcohol, toxic, narcotic). Substance Abuse had expressed connection with the arson and intentional infliction of grievous bodily harm. Serious offenses - murder, single repeated robberies committed by patients with schizophrenia. And quite a strong bond had a personality disorder as with the structure of an organic disorder, psychopathy as a group theft, single looting, robberies and thefts. Immaturity volitional components of mental reactions in mentally retarded adolescents led to the predominance of offenses as acts of hooliganism and rape.Изучено 86 пациентов подросткового возраста, находящиеся на стационарном принудительном лечении. Определено, что ведущими у данных несовершеннолетних являлась умственная отсталость и органические психические расстройства, шизофрения и расстройства личности были единичными. Анализ общественно опасных действий показал, что преобладающими были имущественные правонарушения совершаемые как правило в группе и по нескольким эпизодам. Наибольшую зависимость видов правонарушений с психической патологией предоставили наркологические заболевания, а именно токсикомании, большинстве случаев правонарушения совершались в состоянии опьянения (алкогольного, токсического, наркотического). Токсикомании имели выраженную связь с поджогами и умышленному причинению тяжкого вреда здоровью. Тяжелые правонарушения - убийство, одиночные неоднократные грабежи совершены больными с шизофренией. И достаточно сильную связь имели личностные расстройства, как с структуре органического расстройства, так психопатии с групповыми кражами, одиночными грабежами, разбоями и угонами. Незрелость волевых компонентов психических реакций у умственно отсталых подростков, привели к преобладанию правонарушений в виде хулиганских поступков и изнасилования

Follicular Occlusion Syndrome — a Possible Option of Follicular-Retension Origin of Pilonidal Sinus

Аim: to analyze and evaluate the clinical and morphological manifestations of pilonidal sinus disease (PSD) as a part of follicular occlusion syndrome (FOS).Materials and methods. In the Clinic of Coloproctology and Minimally Invasive Surgery, 80 patients with PSD underwent surgeries from November 2018 to December 2019: 62 (77.5 %) patients — with primary PSD, 18 (22.5 %) — with recurrence of the disease.Results. There were 80 patients, 6 patients (9.7 %) with primary and one (5.6 %) patient with recurrent cyst had concomitant manifestations of follicular occlusion syndrome. Thus, the frequency of combination of PSD with other variants of FOS course amounted to 8.8 %. Hidradenitis suppurativa of axillary and inguinal areas was found in 5 out of 7 patients. Acne conglobata, as one of the components of FOS, was noted in three patients. Dissecting cellulitis of the scalp was diagnosed in one patient. Follicular occlusion triad was observed in two patients. Follicular occlusion tetrad was not noted in any observation. All patients were treated with excision of the pilonidal sinus disease with local tissue-plasty of the defect. At present, no recurrences have been noted in any of the cases, and the mean follow-up time was 14 ± 5.6 months (6–27 months). PSD as a manifestation of follicular occlusion syndrome is characterized by a more cranial and more superficial location of the cavity in the sacrococcygeal region. According to the data of histologic examination of patients with FOS, the morphologic picture is identical with patients with isolated PSD. All patients with confirmed FOS have received pathogenetic local and conservative therapy. After the therapy remission of combined diseases is noted.Conclusion. Deroofing of the lining of the cavity, often used in dermatologic practice, along with complex treatment within the framework of multidisciplinary (together with a dermatologist) management of patients with FOS, looks promising

Esthesioneuroblastoma: clinical course, long-term results of treatment

This rare tumor from a group of neuroendocrine neoplasms was studied. The material for the study was the data of 78 patients with esthesioneuroblastoma who had been treated and followed up at the N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center in the period 1965 to 2014. Information on hospital statistics, clinical features, methods, and treatment results were presented. The possibilities of using the TNM classification for the nasal cavity, ethmoidal sinuses, and nasopharynx were assessed to determine the anatomic extent of primary tumor. The findings contribute to the solution of problems in the diagnosis and treatment of esthesioneuroblastoma at the present stage

Prevalence of risk factors of addictive behavior in a cohort of juveniles tested for drugs

То study the prevalence of risk factors for addictive behaviour among minors according to age and sex were examined 2990 participants drug testing in the 2013/2014 academic year. In addition, we studied the relation of parents to conduct testing procedures in the school, as well as the tension of the situation in schools with regard to their administration.С целью изучения распространенности факторов риска аддиктивного поведения среди несовершеннолетних в зависимости от возраста и пола было обследовано 2990 участников тестирования на наркотики в 2013/2014 учебном году. Кроме того, изучено отношение родителей к проведению процедуры тестирования в школе, а также напряженность обстановки в учебных заведениях с точки зрения их администрации