Propuestas no-farmacológicas de manejo del comportamiento en niños

Existen en la literatura técnicas diferentes a las farmacológicas que pueden ser utilizadas para acondicionar psicológicamente al niño durante el tratamiento odontológico. Estas técnicas, consideradas de manejo del comportamiento, tienen el objetivo de prevenir, disminuir o ayudar a enfrentar la ansiedad y miedo dental del paciente, sirviendo como importantes aliadas del cirujano-dentista que atiende niños. Este trabajo presenta una revisión de evidencias científicas sobre las propuestas de manejo del comportamiento que pueden ser utilizadas en el consultorioodontológico con bebés, niños de edad preescolar y escolar

Effect of raloxifene on the vaginal epithelium of postmenopausal women

Objective: The objective was to analyze the effect of raloxifene oil the vaginal epithelium of postmenopausal women.Study design: In this non-randomized clinical trial, 80 women (mean age = 60.6 years) were prospectively studied. Forty patients received 60 mg/day of raloxifene (RG), and 40 women constituted it non-treated control group (CG), paired by age and time since menopause. The treated group consisted of patients with osteoporosis of the lumbar spine. Those with a diagnosis of infection ill the lower genital tract and using hormone therapy (HT) up to 6 months prior to the study were excluded. Vaginal smears were collected at baseline and after 6 months of intervention. The vaginal maturation value (VMV) was determined, and counts of superficial, intermediate and parabasal cells were performed. Smears were analyzed by only one cytopathologist who was blinded to patient data. The t-test, Wilcoxon test, and Chi-Squared test were used in the statistical analysis.Results: The study groups were homogeneous regarding age, time since menopause, parity, HT use, smoking, and body mass index. No statistically significant differences were observed in VMV median values (RG, 39.7 and 35.7; CG, 50.0 and 50.0, respectively) or in the percentage of superficial, intermediate and parabasal cells between the groups at baseline and after 6 months (p > 0.05). There was no significant correlation between VMV and age, time since menopause, previous HT use, or body mass index, in either of the groups.Conclusion: Treatment with raloxifene for 6 months has no effect on the maturation of the vaginal epithelium ill postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Effects of soy protein and resistance exercise on body composition and blood lipids in postmenopausal women

Objective: To assess the effect of soy protein and progressive resistance training on body composition and lipids in postmenopausal women.Design: In a controlled trial, 46 postmenopausal women were randomized to one of four groups: 25 g of soy protein (SP, n = 10), 25 g of soy protein plus resistance exercise (SPE, n = 14), 25 g of maltodextrine (placebo) (PL, n = 11), or placebo plus resistance exercise (PLE, n = 11). Progressive resistance training was held three times a week for 16 weeks and included 8 exercises (3 series of 8-12 repetitions). At baseline and after 16 weeks, body mass index, waist circumference (WC), body fat, muscle mass and serum lipid levels were measured. To confirm isoflavone absorption, urinary concentrations were determined. The t-test of Student and ANOVA were used in the statistical analysis.Results: Subjects were classified as overweight and showed android fat distribution: Urinary isoflavone excretion indicated compliance to soy protein treatment. After 16 weeks of intervention, both SPE and PLE groups showed a significant increase of 1.3 kg in muscle mass and reduction in WC of -1.4 and -2.1 cm, respectively (p < 0.05). Significant decreases in the mean values of total cholesterol and LDL (-29.0 and -24.0 mg/dL, p < 0.001 and p < 0.006, respectively) were observed in the users of soy protein alone (SP).Conclusions: Soy protein supplementation did not influence the indicators of body composition. However, it exerted possible favorable effects on lipid profile in postmenopausal women. The increase in muscle mass and reduction in abdominal fat were correlated with resistance training. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V.. All rights reserved

Effectiveness of Tooth Wipes in Removing Babies' Dental Biofilm

Purpose: To assess the effectiveness of tooth wipes in removing dental biofilm from babies' anterior teeth, as well as to evaluate the babies' behaviour and the guardians' preference concerning hygiene methods. Materials and Methods: In this random blind cross-over study, 50 high caries risk babies, from 8 to 15 months old, were divided into two groups: babies with oral hygiene performed by caregivers (n = 25) or by their mothers (n = 25). The caregivers and mothers removed biofilm using three methods of oral hygiene (tooth wipes, toothbrushes and gauze), one in each experimental phase. Professional cleaning was done before each phase, which had 2 days of biofilm accumulation and 1 experimental day, when caregivers and mothers used one method to remove biofilnn. Examiners blinded to the study design assessed the biofilm index at baseline, prior to and following biofilm removal using each method. The babies' behaviour and the mothers'/caregivers' preference were assessed. Results: The tooth wipes, toothbrushes and gauze significantly reduced the amount of biofilm (P &lt; 0.001). The mothers' group removed more biofilm than the caregivers' group, using toothbrushes or tooth wipes (P &lt; 0.05). Babies in the mothers' group had better behaviour using tooth wipes than toothbrushes (P &lt; 0.05). Mothers and caregivers preferred to use tooth wipes. Conclusions: Tooth wipes are effective in removing biofilrn from babies' anterior teeth and are the method best accepted by mothers, caregivers and babies.FAPESP (Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo) [2009/17040-0]Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP

Estudo cefalométrico das alterações dos terços médio e inferior da face em pacientes com diferentes padrões respiratórios e faciais Cephalometric study of the changes of the medium and lower thirds of the face in patients with different breathing and facial patterns

OBJETIVOS: avaliar a possível relação dos padrões respiratórios e dos tipos faciais com as grandezas da análise de Ricketts - CF-N.CF-A, Po-Or.ENA-ENP, CF-Go, CF-Xi.Po-Or, Xi-Pm, N-P.Go-M, A-NP, Po-Or.Na - e as grandezas da Nasofaringe e da Bucofaringe propostas por McNamara; dos tipos faciais com os padrões respiratórios e dos padrões respiratórios com as variáveis do Vert. MÉTODOS: a amostra consistiu de 88 telerradiografias em norma lateral de brasileiros leucodermas, dos gêneros masculino e feminino, entre 7 e 13 anos (média de idade 10,5 anos), sendo 45 respiradores bucais e 43 nasais. O método cefalométrico computadorizado abrangeu a análise das grandezas para determinação do tipo facial, segundo Ricketts (Índice Vert). Aplicou-se a avaliação do erro do método pela fórmula de Dahlberg (média = 0,52), seguida das avaliações estatísticas teste "t" de Student e Pearson product correlative coefficient test (p < 0,05). RESULTADOS E CONCLUSÕES: observou-se ausência de alterações estatisticamente significativas das variáveis quando relacionadas aos padrões respiratórios, e presença de diferenças estatisticamente significativas das variáveis Convexidade do ponto A, Altura posterior da face, Profundidade da maxila, Cone facial, Comprimento do corpo e Nasofaringe quando relacionadas aos tipos braqui e dolicofaciais. As variáveis Cone facial e Comprimento do corpo também apresentaram diferenças significativas entre os tipos braquifacial e mesofacial. A variável Cone facial apresentou diferenças significativas entre todos os tipos faciais; o tipo braquifacial apresentou correlação significativa (p = 0,011) com o padrão de respiração nasal e a variável Profundidade facial apresentou diferença estatisticamente significativa (p = 0,028) quando relacionada aos padrões respiratórios.<br>AIM: To assess the possible relation of respiratory patterns and facial types with linear and angular variables of the Ricketts analysis - CF-N.CF-A, Po-Or.ENA-ENP, CF-Go, CF-Xi.Po-Or, Xi-Pm, N-P.Go-M, A-NP, Po-Or.Na - and the Nasopharynx and Oropharynx linear variables proposed by McNamara; and of the facial types with the respiratory patterns, and the respiratory patterns with the Vert variables. METHODS: The sample consisted of 88 lateral teleradiographs of Brazilian leucoderm boys and girls, ranging from 7 to 12 years of age (mean age 10.5 years) of whom 45 were mouth-breathers and 43 nasal breathers. The computerized cephalometric method covered analysis of the variables to determine the facial type, according to Ricketts (Vert Index). After the measurements were taken, assessment of the method error by the Dahlberg formula was applied (mean = 0.52), followed by t Student and chi-square tests (p < 0.05) statistical assessments. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: There were no statistically significant alterations in the variables when related to the respiratory patterns; there were statistically significant differences in the following variables: Convexity of point A, Posterior face height, Maxilla depth, Facial cone, Corpus length and Nasopharynx when related to the brachyfacial and dolicofacial types. The variables Facial cone and Corpus length also presented significant differences between the brachyfacial and mesofacial types, and the variable Facial cone presented significant differences among all the facial types; the brachyfacial type presented significant correlation (p = 0.011) with the nasal respiratory pattern; and Facial depth presented statistically significant difference (p = 0.028) when related to the respiratory patterns