706 research outputs found
Breast milk microbiota (concept, sources, role of bacteria for a child and mother)
Scientific discoveries of recent years demonstrate a crucial role of the human microbiome in human health. The establishment of a healthy, functional gut microbiota of the newborn requires physiological conditions, one of which is breastfeeding. The role of breast milk as a βdirect supplierβ of live microbes for the establishment of the newborn gut microbiota became known only at the beginning of the new millennium, previously it was believed that the breast milk was sterile. Today, the breast milk microbiota can be defined as multi-species assemblage, in which microbes interact with each, representing a complex organized ecosystem, among which the genera Streptococcus and Staphylococcus are dominant. Lactobacillus, Pseudomonas, Bifidobacterium, Corynebacterium, Enterococcus, Acinetobacter, Rothia, Cutibacterium, Veillonella and Bacteroides are also often referred to the common bacterial genera. The article presents two theories of the origin of bacteria in the breast milk (endogenous and exogenous bacterial translocation pathways) and explains why both of them are true. The role of bacteria in the breast milk of healthy women, in the global sense, is viewed in the context of the establishment of the infant gut microbiota. The article lists the main producers of antibacterial peptides (bacteriocins) in the breast milk and considers the effective immunological protection using the example of the population of bifidobacteria and bacteroids prevailing in the breastfed infant gut. However, the breast milk microbiota is also important for womenβs health. We tried to explain why infectious lactational mastitis is now considered to be the result of dysbiosis in the mammary ecosystem, which leads to the development of an inflammatory process, and why Streptococcus thermophilus (TCI633) shows promise in the fight against human ageing
Methods of the determination of inorganic arsenic species by stripping voltammetry in weakly alkaline media
Two methods are considered for the direct determination of trace amounts of As(III) and As(V) in solutions by stripping voltammetry (SVA) using an ensemble of gold microelectrodes (Au-MEA) previously developed by the authors of this paper. In both methods, analyzing a mixture of As(III) and As(V), analysts first record an SVA signal of As(III) in a supporting Na2SO3 electrolyte. To record an analytical SVA signal of As(V), in the first method one should use the reduction of As(V) to As(III) on the surface of an Au-MEA catalyzed by the system Mn(II)/Mn(0) and followed by the formation of As(0) and its anode dissolution. In the second method, the photoreduction of As(V) to As(III) in a Na2SO3 solution is conducted under UV irradiation followed by the reduction of As(III) to As(0) and its electrooxidation on Au-MEA. The two methods are compared taking into account their performance characteristics and interfering ions. To improve the reliability of the results of analysis at an insignificant increase in its cost, we propose the consecutive use of both methods. The procedures are simple and rapid, do not require the removal of dissolved oxygen or toxic reactants, and can be used for the analysis of aqueous solutions at the place of sampling. The results of analyses of real objects, snow, river water, and process solutions are presented
Spin-transfer mechanism of ferromagnetism in polymerized fullerenes: calculations
A mechanism of the high temperature ferromagnetism in polymerized fullerenes
is suggested. It is assumed that some of the C molecules in the crystal
become magnetically active due to spin and charge transfer from the
paramagnetic impurities (atoms or groups), such as hydrogen, fluorine, hydroxyl
group OH, amino group NH, or methyl group CH, dispersed in the
fullerene matrix. The exchange interaction between the spins localized on the
magnetically active fullerenes is evaluated using \textit{ab initio}
calculations. The nearest neighbour and next nearest neighbour exchange
interaction is found to be in the range eV, that is, high enough
to account for the room temperature ferromagnetism.Comment: typos corrected, 8 pages, 3 figures, LaTe
New Advantageous Method for the Production of Purified Cholera Toxin B-Subunit and Monoclonal Antibodies to It
Put forward is an efficient method for manufacturing cholera toxin B-subunit. Its advantages are relative simplicity and economy feasibility, as well as maximum output of the purified B-subunit, absolutely free from toxic A-subunit contaminant. All this is due to the deployment of cholera vibrio recombinant strain producing only cholera toxin B-subunit instead of cholera toxin as it is, which results in lack of residual preparation toxicity. Applied has been gel-penetration column chromatography, providing for stable native state and maximum antigen output. The method under discussion is verified experimentally. Sample purity has been analyzed after each phase of chromatographic investigation on TSK gel HW-60, using disc electrophoresis. It is established that three steps of purification are ample for the obtainment of cholera toxin B-subunit preparation free from admixtures. Immunological activity of the purified B-subunit is validated by monoclonal antibody obtainment. Designed preparation of cholera toxin B-subunit and monoclonal antibodies to it can serve as a basis for the development of various immune-diagnostic test-systems alternatives
Clinical and electroencephalographic characteristics of chronic tic disorders in children and adolescents
Chronic tic disorders (CTDs) are one of the relevant problems of pediatric neurology, the higher prevalence of which is associated with undifferentiated therapy without considering comorbidity.Objective: to enhance the efficiency of diagnosis and therapy of tic disorders in children and adolescents in terms of video-electroencephalography (EEG) monitoring data.Patients and methods. The investigation enrolled 116 patients, including 83 (71.6%) boys and 33 (28.4%) girls at the age of 3 to 15 years (mean age, 9.0Β±3.0 years), diagnosed with CTD who had been examined at the Specialized Neurology Department, Voronezh Regional Children's Clinical Hospital One, in the period 2010β2014. The investigation consisted of two steps: 1) clinical, laboratory, and neurophysiologicΒ examination; 2) differentiated therapy. The Yaele Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS) was used. The diagnosis was established in accordance with the draft classification of epileptic seizures and epilepsy syndromes by the Intern ational League Against Epilepsy. Video-EEG monitoring was carried out in an awake state and during daytime and/or nighttime sleep. Results and discussion. EEC epileptiform activity was recorded in 46.6% of the patients; a concurrence of CTDs and epilepsy was ascertained in 16.4% of cases. The risk factors of epilepsy in children with CTDs and EEG epileptiform activity are isolated motor tics in the facial region (p=0.0023), MRI epileptogenic changes (p = 0.01), a remitting course (p=0.02), and an early age at the full-scaled picture of tic disorder (p=0.02). CTD therapy with antiepileptic drugs (extended-release valproic acid) was effective and safe in both epileptic seizures (remission in 85.7% of cases) and tics with an improvement in 81.5% of cases with retention in therapy during 2β3 years. Therapy with dopamine transmissionlowering drugs was effective against tics; however, their intake for more than 6 months increased a risk for added epileptic seizures in patients with EEG epileptiform activity (the secondary bilateral synchronization phenomenon and epileptic seizures were recorded in 42.9 and 14.3% of the patients, respectively)
Differentiated approach to correcting low vitamin D status in adolescent girls in Moscow
Introduction. The work is devoted to the study of vitamin D status in adolescent girls and the selection of adequate doses for its correction.Study objective. To study the dynamics of calcidiol concentration in the blood serum against vitamin D3 intake and evaluate the effectiveness of correcting doses of vitamin in adolescent girls from Moscow.Study design. A double-blind, placebo-controlled, prospective, randomized clinical study.Materials and methods. The study involved adolescent girls aged from 11 to 17 years (n = 218) from I-II health groups, with determined serum level of 25(OH)D. Participants were randomly assigned to the main and control groups. The adolescent girls in the study group received vitamin D3 tablets, and the control group received a placebo. Study duration was 6 months. The dose of vitamin D3 was dependent on baseline serum caLcidioL levels and ranged from 800 IU to 2000 IU. Vitamin D status was redetermined in the girls who completed the treatment (n = 192).Results. Initially, 96.4% of girls had a low vitamin D status, while vitamin D insufficiency was observed in 26.6%, deficiency in 57.8%, deep deficiency in 12%. The median level of 25(OH)D in the main group before taking the vitamin was 16.25 ng/ml, after taking - 24.1Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β ng/ml, in the control group - 17.9 and 11.4 ng/ml, respectively (p < 0.001). In the main group, an increase in the content of the metabolite was observed in 94.9% of the subjects, the initially identified pronounced deficit was completely absent.Conclusions. A differentiated approach to prescribing different doses of cholecalciferon, depending on the baseline level of 25(OH)D, BMI and age, is an effective method for replenishing vitamin D deficiency in adolescents. The high probability of normalization of vitamin D status in certain age groups, mainly with the appointment of low corrective doses of cholecalciferol justifies the possibility of their use for 6 months or more in adolescents during puberty period
Problem of distribution of volumes of medical care between the medical organizations of various forms of ownership in the system of obligatory medical insurance
The article substantiates the relevance of the revision of the state regulation of the industry in the form of legal, economic intervention of the state in the sphere of health care. The activity of medical organizations of state and non-state ownership, their interaction is considered. The medical organizations participating in implementation of the territorial program of compulsory medical insurance of Sverdlovsk region for the period 2013-2017, forms of ownership of organizations are considered. The problems of the lack of clear criteria for the distribution of medical care between organizations of different legal forms, the interaction of medical organizations of different forms of ownership, the level of income of the population of the region and the structure of consumer spending of households of the Sverdlovsk region in the dynamics for seven years are identified and analyzed. The result of the study was formulated by authors criteria for the distribution of medical care between public and private medical institutions operating in the system of compulsory medical insurance.Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° Π°ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ° Π³ΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π² ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²Π° Π³ΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ²Π° Π² ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ Π·Π΄ΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ. Π Π°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Π° Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΉ Π³ΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΠΈΡ
Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅. Π Π°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
Π² ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π‘Π²Π΅ΡΠ΄Π»ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ Π·Π° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ 2013-2017 Π³.Π³., ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡ ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΉ. ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ΅Π² ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΡΠΌ, Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΡΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ Π΄ΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Ρ
ΠΎΠ·ΡΠΉΡΡΠ² Π‘Π²Π΅ΡΠ΄Π»ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ Π² Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠ΅ Π·Π° ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π»Π΅Ρ. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΡ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ Π³ΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ, ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π² ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ ΠΠΠ‘
The role of magnetic resonance angiography in the intracranial aneurysm treatment assessment and the follow-up of the patients
The presented literature review shows up-to-date information about the possibilities and new methods of magnetic resonance angiography in patients with cerebral aneurysms who have undergone surgical treatment. The articles for analyses have been taken from the PubMed database. The most important aspects of the implementation and the possibilities of improving magnetic resonance angiography protocols for visualization and postoperative control of treated cerebral aneurysm have been considered
Jean Pecquet (1622β1674). To the 400th anniversary of the birth
The article is dedicated to the 400th anniversary of the birth of the outstanding French anatomist, physician and philosopher Jean Pecquet (1622β1674). Pecquetβs biography is connected with the city of Dieppe, where the future scientist was born and got his primary education, and with Paris, where he made his main discoveries in anatomy. Throughout his life, Pecquet collaborated with many prominent scientists of that time (Jacques Mentel, Louis Gayant, Jean Riolan (the Younger)), including not only physicians and anatomists, but also physicists such as Blaise Pascal, Edme Mariotte, Marin Mersenne and Evangelista Torricelli. Pecquetβs most famous discovery is the chyle cictern, or cisterna chyli. The structure was named after of the scientist β βPecquetβs reservoir (cistern)β. But more revolutionary discovery made by Pecquet is revealing and proving the fact that the lymphatic ducts flow into the superior vena cava indirectly through the venous angles and refuting the conventional opinion on the drainage of lymph into the liver. An important help in Pecquetβs anatomical research and experiments was his passion for the physical and mathematical sciences. In collaboration with Edme Marriott, Pecquet studied the structure of the eyeball and turned out to be more foresighted, because, unlike Marriott, he correctly understood the role of the retina in the functioning of the eye as an organ of vision. Pecquet was one of William Harveyβs supporters regarding his concept of blood circulation. He introduced cutting-edge at that moment technologies into the anatomy methodology, including animal experiments in vivo, and made a fateful contribution to the progress of anatomical science
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