Results of posterior lamellar femto-keratoplasty using two different lasers

Purpose. To evaluate the results of treatment of patients with pseudophakic bullous keratopathy (PBK) by the method of posterior lamellar femto-keratoplasty with ultrathin graft (FS-DSEK) harvested using two different lasers.Material and methods. The results of surgical treatment of 82 patients (82 eyes) underwent posterior lamellar femto-keratoplasty for PBK were analyzed. In the 1st group included 43 patients (43 eyes) with PBK underwent FS-DSEK using FS laser Femto-Visum (Optosystems, Russia). In the 2nd group included 39 patients (39 eyes) with PBK underwent FS-DSEK using LDV Z8 (Ziemer, Switzerland). Observation period was 1 year. Before and after surgery following indicators were evaluated: uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), best spectacle corrected visual acuity (BSCVA), postoperative astigmatism, central corneal thickness (CCT), graft thickness, center-periphery (C:P) ratio, endothelial cell density (ECD), endothelial cell (EC) loss, optical density .Results. Transparent engraftment at 1-year observation period was observed in 88% of cases. In the 1st group UCVA=0.22±0.11, BSCVA=0.32±0.12, in the 2nd group UCVA=0.18±0.08, BSCVA=0.29±0.1 (p>0.05). The maximum BSCVA in both groups was 0.6. Postoperative astigmatism was comparative in 2nd groups – 1.43±1.1 and 1.38±1.0 D, respectively (p>0.05). In the 1st group, CCT=549±31, graft thickness in the central zone – 83±12, C:P ratio – 0.92±0.05; in the 2nd group CCT=546±28, graft thickness – 80±10, C:P ratio – 0.94±0.06 (p>0.05). In the 1st group ECD – 1326±282, EC loss – 55±6%; ECD in the 2nd – 850±230, EC loss – 70±7% (p<0.05). According to the results of densitometry, optical density of the posterior layers of the cornea and «donor–recipient» interface zone was higher in the 2nd group, both in the central and in the paracentral zones: in the 1st group in the posterior layers of the stroma – 16.4±1.2 (0–2 mm) and 15.8±1.0 (2–6 mm), in the interface zone – 14.5±0.9 (0–2) and 13.9±0.8 (2–6), in the 2nd group in the posterior layers – 18.3±1.3 (0–2 mm) and 17.9±1.1 (2–6 mm), and in the interface zone – 17.3±1.2 (0–2 mm) and 17.0±1.0 (2–6 mm, p<0.05).Conclusions. FS-DSEK showed high efficiency for treating patients with PBK. Functional results were comparative in 2nd groups. Statistical analysis showed highest safety of transplanted endothelium in the 1st group at 1-year observation period

Clinical and morphological features of salmonellosis in cows and calves affected by heat stress

Exposure to abnormally high temperatures in the Middle Urals has ledtochronic heat stress in cattle. Despitethe measures taken toprotect thedairy herdfrom overheating (fans, irrigationwith coolwater, livestocksunshades), the heatstressunderminedtheimmunityofanimals, thus, leadingtoan excessiverisein Salmonella population in the gastrointestinal tract, increasedin test in alpermeability, and could also bethecause of increasedvirulence of such serotypes as – Salmonella choleraesuis, that are not typical for cattle. The simultaneous presenceof twopathogensof Salmonella entericasubsp. entericaspecies: i.e. Salmonella enteritidis and Salmonella choleraesuis – causeda number of clinical and morphological changesin adultcows. In cows, the infection manifested itself by persistent diarrhea with mucus, reduced milkproduction and intoxication. In calves, the disease was accompanied by septic signs, severein toxication, hyperthermia (40.5–41.0 °C), severed ehydration (morethan 7%) and death. Histopathological examination of bovineparenchymal organs revealed changes typical for salmonellos is pathological process: specific salmonella granulomas were foundin parenchymalorgans (liver, spleen). Some pathological processestypical for sepsiswere foundin other parenchymalorgans (kidneys, heart). The nature of pathological changes in dicates that there is as epticprocess that spreads both hematogenically and lymphogenically, and the structure of granulomas most likely indicates that such apathogen as Salmonelacholeraesuis circulates in cattle

Impact of transfusion of blood components on the recipient immune system

Transfusions of blood provide essential therapeutic measures in a number of pathological conditions. However, when carrying out blood component therapy, it is important to consider probability of post-transfusion complications. Most of them are immune-mediated side effects. The unfavorable consequences of blood transfusions can manifest at long-range time periods, and pathogenesis of these phenomena may be associated not only with the presence of alloantibodies. They may be caused by alloimmunization to HLA antigens, leukocyte factors, including cytokines, products of leukocyte degranulation, as well as storage-related erythrocyte damage («storage lesion»), immunomodulatory properties of extracellular vesicles or microparticles derived from blood components, and other factors. Despite significant number of publications on this issue, a lot of unresolved issues still remain, concerning transfusion-related effects of blood components on the immune system of recipients. The review article provides the results of current studies in this area. We present and discuss the results of current studies and the features of transfusion-mediated immunomodulation (TRIM) revealed over recent years, when transfusing different blood components. The role of plasma factors, microparticles, platelets and erythrocytes, HLA sensitization and microchimerism in the development of TRIM is highlighted, the data on occurrence and clinical features of TRIM in perioperative period are presented. A separate section of the review provides information about recent clinical studies, devoted to the issues of TRIM in different clinical cohorts, including newborns, patients with malignant neoplasms, immunocompromised patients after heart and vascular surgery. The data on TRIM incidence in the patients with exhausted immune system due to previous disease or treatment, severe comorbidity, extensive surgical thoracic/abdominal intervention and artificial circulation are also in scope. As based on the studies performed, the role of distinct measures, e.g., washing of erythrocyte concentrates, leukodepletion, and gamma irradiation are discussed in view of potential TRIM prevention. The results of published research do not allow us to draw definite conclusions about the effects of blood component transfusion on the immune system of recipients with respect to differences between the studied groups of patients, characteristics of the studied disorders and clinical situations, diversity of hemocomponents, as well as varying standards of transfusion therapy adopted in different countries. However, the systematic literature review may provide some guidance in transfusion-mediated immune modulation

The cellular location of proteolytic enzymes of Bacillus intermedius

The activities of proteinases in the culture fluid and cellular fractions of Bacillus intermedius 3-19 grown under various conditions were studied. Thiol-dependent serine proteinase was the prevalent enzyme in the total pool of extracellular proteinases (70%); its catalytically active form was also detected in the cell membrane and, during active enzyme production, in the cell wall. Another enzyme, glutamyl endopeptidase (10% of the total pool), was detected in the cell membrane; it was also found in the cell wall and cytoplasm during active enzyme secretion into the growth medium. The production of these enzymes was maximal on medium containing inorganic phosphate and gelatin and decreased 2- to 4-fold on medium with glucose and lactate. The level of activity of extracellular enzymes correlated with that of corresponding membrane-bound proteins. The addition of CoCl2 (2 mM) into the medium caused an essential increase in extracellular glutamyl endopeptidase activity and promoted the release of the membrane-bound enzyme into the culture fluid. Proteolytic activity towards casein was also detected in the cytoplasm. The proteinases localized in the cytoplasm were shown to differ in their properties from those secreted. © 2000 MAIK "Nauka/Interperiodica"

Influence of human peripheral blood samples preprocessing on the quality of Hi-C libraries

The genome-wide variant of the chromatin conformation capture technique (Hi-C) is a powerful tool for revealing patterns of genome spatial organization, as well as for understanding the effects of their disturbance on disease development. In addition, Hi-C can be used to detect chromosomal rearrangements, including balanced translocations and inversions. The use of the Hi-C method for the detection of chromosomal rearrangements is becoming more widespread. Modern high-throughput methods of genome analysis can effectively reveal point mutations and unbalanced chromosomal rearrangements. However, their sensitivity for determining translocations and inversions remains rather low. The storage of whole blood samples can affect the amount and integrity of genomic DNA, and it can distort the results of subsequent analyses if the storage was not under proper conditions. The Hi-C method is extremely demanding on the input material. The necessary condition for successfully applying Hi-C and obtaining high-quality data is the preservation of the spatial chromatin organization within the nucleus. The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal storage conditions of blood samples for subsequent Hi-C analysis. We selected 10 different conditions for blood storage and sample processing. For each condition, we prepared and sequenced Hi-C libraries. The quality of the obtained data was compared. As a result of the work, we formulated the requirements for the storage and processing of samples to obtain high-quality Hi-C data. We have established the minimum volume of blood sufficient for conducting Hi-C analysis. In addition, we have identified the most suitable methods for isolation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and their long-term storage. The main requirement we have formulated is not to freeze whole blood

SNP-Based Chromosomal Microarray Analysis for Detecting DNA Copy Number Variations in Fetuses with a Thickened Nuchal Fold

The aim of the study was to assess the diagnostic potential of SNP-based chromosomal microarray analysis for detecting pathogenic copies number variations (CNVs) in fetuses with a normal karyotype, in which an increase in the nuchal translucence of >2.5 mm was detected by ultrasound at a gestational age of 11 weeks to 13 weeks 6 days. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 225 pregnant women who underwent invasive prenatal diagnostic procedures following the detection of an isolated thickening of the fetal nuchal fold. The fetal material obtained was examined using a cytogenetic test; if a normal karyotype was confirmed, chromosomal microarray analysis was performed as a second-line test. RESULTS: Pathogenic CNVs were detected in 22 of 225 fetuses (9.8%) with a normal karyotype. Of these 22 fetuses, pathogenic CNVs not classified as syndromes were detected in 14 cases (63.6%), and those previously described as syndromes — in 8 cases (36.4%). In 9 fetuses (41%), CNVs in two non-homologous chromosomes were determined; these findings indicated a high likelihood of carrying balanced translocations in the parents. Indeed, when analyzing the parent’s karyotype, in 8 out of 9 couples, balanced translocations were found in one of the parents. CONCLUSION: Using chromosomal microarray analysis in fetuses with a thickened nuchal fold makes it possible to increase the ability to detect chromosomal imbalances, including those caused by pathological meiotic segregation of parental reciprocal translocation

Технология и техника для уборки и транспортировки зерна в селекции и первичном семеноводстве

Trial plots are necessary for breed new varieties and renewal of the used ones on a scientific basis. Efficiency and an intensification of selection breeding and seed production processes substantially depends on technique of selection establishments. Creation of new generation of machines should be carried out according to the reached technological level and constructive decisions directed on resource-saving and the fullest accounting of agrobiological features of objects of machine influence, especially grain crops. In the course of grain harvest and transportation when selection works the bags complicated mechanization of process of delivery of grain from the harvester to a point of processing was widely applied so far. The authors suggested to substitute soft bags for rigid containers. Dimensions of transportation containers should be not exceeding a cross internal dimension of vehicles or multiply to take place in this dimension. The container dimension in the plan is a square with side not less than 1120 mm and high not less than 565 mm. A bottom of containers for grain drying is holed, a grain layer is no more than 300 mm. Due to containers advantages technological capabilities are possible: transportations of grain from the harvest to the point of grain processing, grain drying in containers, a mechanized unloading. Use of such containers will allow to lower labor and farm costs and by 5 times, to double filling of warehouses, completely to liquidate manual works at loading and unloading operations, to reduce wasted time by 1.5-2 times.Выведение новых и возобновление используемых сортов зерновых культур на научной основе невозможно без полевой стадии их отработки на селекционно-опытных делянках. Эффективность и интенсификация селекционно-семеноводческих процессов в значительной степени зависит от оснащения селекционных учреждений средствами технического обеспечения. Создание нового поколения машин должно осуществляться в соответствии с достигнутым техническим уровнем и конструктивными решениями, направленными на ресурсосбережение и наиболее полный учет агробиологических особенностей объектов машинного воздействия, особенно зерновых культур. Показали, что в процессе уборки и транспортировки зерна при выполнении селекционных работ до настоящего времени широко применялась мешочная тара, что усложняло механизацию процесса доставки зерна от комбайна на пункт переработки. Предложили заменить мешочную мягкую тару на жесткую в виде контейнера. Установили, что контейнеры, предназначенные для транспортировки, должны иметь габариты, не превышающие поперечный внутренний габарит транспортных средств или кратно размещаться в этом габарите. Отметили, что габарит контейнера в плане должен быть квадратом со стороной не менее 1120 мм и высотой не менее 565 мм. Контейнеры для сушки зерна должны иметь перфорированное дно, слой зерна - не более 300 мм. Определили, что достоинства контейнеров проявляются в технологических возможностях: транспортировки зерна от комбайна до пункта обработки зерна, сушки зерна в контейнерах, механизированной выгрузки. Применение таких контейнеров позволит в 5 раз снизить затраты труда и средств, вдвое повысить заполнение складов, полностью ликвидировать ручной труд на погрузочно-разгрузочных операциях, сократить простои транспортных средств в 1,5-2 раза

ИСПЫТАНИЯ СИСТЕМЫ МОНИТОРИНГА СМЕННЫХ КУЗОВОВ

Swap bodies using at agricultural freights is very popular now. Thus the number of vehicles is reduced, operational costs are cut. Efficiency of swap bodies application increases at introduction of transport monitoring system for the purpose of the centralized remote supervision for its movement control. Swap bodies monitoring system was tested, its working ability influence on efficiency of transport service were studied. The block of data acquisition and transfer for swap bodies monitoring system was worked out and tested. Due to indicator of a body filling operability the sensor of level of bulks was checked. The speed of indicator operation when body filling makes 5-10 seconds. Thus filling of a swap body is displayed on the monitor in control office. Location of a swap body display on the monitor in control office was defined by means of imposing of the pictogram on a district map with the indication of coordinates. The device for determination of duration of autonomous work of system works within 2 days, time of a battery charging made 3 h. The device for the swap bodies monitoring system carries out functions in full, providing remote supervision over work of system.Применение сменных кузовов при транспортировке сельскохозяйственных грузов получило большое распространение. При этом сокращается количество транспортных средств, снижаются эксплуатационные расходы. Эффективность применения сменных кузовов возрастает при внедрении системы мониторинга транспорта с целью централизованного дистанционного наблюдения для контроля его движения. Провели испытания системы мониторинга сменных кузовов, изучили ее работоспособность и влияние на эффективность транспортного обеспечения. Разработали и применили на испытаниях блок сбора и передачи данных системы мониторинга сменных кузовов. Проверили работоспособность датчика уровня сыпучих материалов посредством индикатора заполнения кузова. Показали, что скорость срабатывания индикатора при заполнении кузова составляет 5-10 секунд. При этом заполнение сменного кузова отображается на мониторе диспетчерского пункта. Определили местоположение сменного кузова путем отображения на мониторе диспетчерского пункта посредством наложения пиктограммы на карту местности с указанием координат. Установили, что устройство для определения длительности автономной работы системы работает в течение 2 суток, время зарядки аккумулятора составило 3 ч. Отметили, что устройство системы мониторинга сменных кузовов выполняет функции в полном объеме, обеспечивая дистанционное наблюдение за работой системы

ПРОФИЛАКТИКА ПОСЛЕОПЕРАЦИОННОЙ ГИПОКАЛЬЦИЕМИИ У БОЛЬНЫХ ДИФФУЗНЫМ ТОКСИЧЕСКИМ ЗОБОМ

In recent years, the surgical treatment of DTG includes extirpation of the thyroid gland that can lead to the development of postoperative hypocalcemia, which causes of development are under study. Up to now, there are no clear recommendations for prophylaxis of postoperative hypocalcemia. In this connection, it is actually to carry out additional research to explore the methods of prophylaxis of postoperative hypocalcemia. The study involved 57 patients with diffuse toxic goiter, who had extirpation of the thyroid gland in period from 2010 until 2015. According to results of the performed study, it has been shown that prophylactic administration of preparations of calcium and vitamin D reduces the risk of postoperative hypocalcemia for patients with vitamin D deficiency.В последние годы при хирургическом лечении диффузного токсического зоба выполняют экстирпацию щитовидной железы, что может привести к развитию послеоперационной гипокальциемии, причины развития которой на стадии изучения. До настоящего времени четких рекомендаций по профилактике послеоперационной гипокальциемии нет. В связи с этим является актуальным проведение дополнительных исследований для изучения методов профилактики послеоперационной гипокальциемии. Обследованы 57 пациентов с диффузным токсическим зобом, которым за период с 2010 по2015 г. была выполнена экстирпация щитовидной железы. По результатам проведенного исследования было показано, что пациентам, имеющим дефицит витамина D, профилактический прием препаратов кальция и витамина D уменьшал риск развития послеоперационной гипокальциемии

The segmentation cycle assisted reproductive technologies as a tool to improve the effectiveness of overcoming infertility

Purpose. Evaluate the efficiency of IVFICSI in dependency of the patiences’ age, ovarian reserve and their response to the ovulation stimulation. Materials and methods. Analyzed 726 cycles IVF ICSI and 358 cycles of unfrozen embryo transfer with a patients, undergoing infertility treatment in years 2017-2018. Analysis concerned age of patients, quantity of antral follicle and oocyte-cumulus complexes, evaluated mature oocytes only, quantity and quality of embryos on the third day, fifth day and at the moment of transferring, quantity of embryos, undergone freezing and biopsy, as well as quantity of progressing and regressing pregnancies. Results. Depending on the patient’s response to the stimulation, the efficiency indicators of IVF ICSI varied. For patients older 39 years, the factor risk of cancelling the IVF ICSI program, due to absence of embryo to the 3-5 days of cultivation, was the availability of less than seven antral follicles to the day of protocol start. With a small amount of genetic material, non-selective method is the risk factor, announcing the low efficiency of IVF ICSI cycle up to 21% clinical pregnancy rate. Segmentation of a cycle, for holding cryo transplantation with a result of pre implantable genetic aneuplodia testing (PGT-A), increased the efficiency of program from 33% up to 50% for the high cryo tolerance embryo transfer. Conclusion. Shown, that the contol on the embiyological stage of IVFICSI and the ability of choosing the high-quality embryo for a transfer, reliably increased the percentage of successful IVF ICSI cycles by the frequency of clinical pregnancies from 21% up to 34% (p<0,05) among women aged 35-36 years, with a sub-optimal response to the stimulation. The holding of PGT-A for the selection of embryos in cycles of cryo transfer, was forming the IVF ICSI cycle efficiency uptrend among women aged over 36 years.Цель. Оценить эффективность протоколов ЗКО ИКСИ в зависимости от возраста пациенток, овариального резерва и их ответа на стимуляцию овуляции. Материал и методы. Проведен анализ 726 циклов ЭКО ИКСИ и 358 циклов переноса размороженного эмбриона у пациенток, проходивших лечение бесплодия в 2017-2018 годах. Анализ касался возраста пациенток, количества антральных фолликулов и ооцит-кумулюсных комплексов, оценивались зрелые ооциты. количество и качество эмбрионов на 3 сутки, 5 сутки и на момент переноса, число эмбрионов, подвергшихся заморозке и биопсии. Критериями успешности исхода программы считали количество клинических беременностей, а также количество прогрессирующих и регрессирующих беременностей. Результаты. В зависимости от ответа пациентки на стимуляцию отличались показатели эффективности программы ЗКО ИКСИ. У пациенток старше 39 лет фактором риска отмены программы ЭКО ИКСИ из-за отсутствия эмбриона к 3-5 суткам культивации являлось наличие менее 7 антральных фолликулов на день старта протокола. Неселективный перенос эмбриона при малом количестве генетического материала являлся фактором риска малой эффективности цикла ЭКО ИКСИ (до 21% частота клинической беременности). Сегментация цикла для проведения криопереноса с результатом предимплантационного генетического тестирования на анеуплоидии (ПГТ-А) повышало эффективность программы с 33% до 50% на перенос эмбриона с высокой криотолерантностью. Выводы: Показано, что контроль на эмбриологическом этапе программы ЭКО ИКСИ и возможность выбора высококачественного эмбриона на перенос достоверно увеличивало долю успешных циклов ЭКО ИКСИ по частоте клинических беременностей с 21 % до 34% (р<0,05) у женщин в возрасте 35-36 лет с субоптимальным ответом на стимуляцию. Проведение ПГТ-А для отбора эмбрионов в циклах криопереноса формировало тенденцию к повышению эффективности цикла ЭКО ИКСИ у женщин в возрасте старше 36 лет