Factors influencing the intensity of Thelazia sp. infection in cattle in the Labinsk district of the Krasnodar territory

The purpose of the research is to determine factors affecting the spread rate of thelaziosis in beef breeds grown in the environment of the Labinsk district, the Krasnodar Territory, at the premises of Agrofrma Progress, LLC.Materials and methods. To determine factors that affect the spread of thelaziosis, a clinical examination of the Aberdeen Angus cattle of different sex and age groups was performed in Agrofrma Progress LLC. Swabs were taken from the conjunctiva of animals with clinical signs of thelaziosis for further microscopic examination. In 2020, 236 cattle were examined including 42 adult animals older than two years, 77 animals at the age of one year and 117 calves from 0 to 6 months. The species of the pathogens was identifed in the study of the conjunctival swabs according to the adult Thelazia morphology (Gorodovich N. M., 1967). To control ectoparasites and prevent thelaziosis, an insectoacaricide from the synthetic pyrethroid group was used. The study was performed on two livestock farms of Agrofrma Progress, LLC located on different terrains: in a temperate steppe zone with a dry climate and artifcial pastures and in a mountainous zone with a humid climate and natural pastures.Results and discussion. For 2019–2020, thelaziosis was recorded in 236 Aberdeen Angus cattle in the Progress agricultural frm of the Labinsk District, the Krasnodar Territory. A pronounced seasonal dynamic was determined; the spread of infection was recorded from the end of May to October; and the infection peak was in August. We observed a clear correlation of the infection with the activity of zoophilic flies, carriers of thelaziosis. The most widespread thelaziosis was observed in young cattle aged up to 6 months, that were kept on livestock sites on flat terrain in a drier climate

Факторы, влияющие на интенсивность инвазии телязиями у крупного рогатого скота в Лабинском районе Краснодарского края

The purpose of the research is to determine factors affecting the spread rate of thelaziosis in beef breeds grown in the environment of the Labinsk district, the Krasnodar Territory, at the premises of Agrofrma Progress, LLC.Materials and methods. To determine factors that affect the spread of thelaziosis, a clinical examination of the Aberdeen Angus cattle of different sex and age groups was performed in Agrofrma Progress LLC. Swabs were taken from the conjunctiva of animals with clinical signs of thelaziosis for further microscopic examination. In 2020, 236 cattle were examined including 42 adult animals older than two years, 77 animals at the age of one year and 117 calves from 0 to 6 months. The species of the pathogens was identifed in the study of the conjunctival swabs according to the adult Thelazia morphology (Gorodovich N. M., 1967). To control ectoparasites and prevent thelaziosis, an insectoacaricide from the synthetic pyrethroid group was used. The study was performed on two livestock farms of Agrofrma Progress, LLC located on different terrains: in a temperate steppe zone with a dry climate and artifcial pastures and in a mountainous zone with a humid climate and natural pastures.Results and discussion. For 2019–2020, thelaziosis was recorded in 236 Aberdeen Angus cattle in the Progress agricultural frm of the Labinsk District, the Krasnodar Territory. A pronounced seasonal dynamic was determined; the spread of infection was recorded from the end of May to October; and the infection peak was in August. We observed a clear correlation of the infection with the activity of zoophilic flies, carriers of thelaziosis. The most widespread thelaziosis was observed in young cattle aged up to 6 months, that were kept on livestock sites on flat terrain in a drier climate.Цель исследований: определить факторы, влияющие на интенсивность распространения телязиоза у мясных пород крупного рогатого скота, выращиваемого в условиях Лабинского района Краснодарского края, на базе ООО «Агрофирма «Прогресс».Материалы и методы. Для определения факторов, влияющих на распространение телязиоза, проводили клинический осмотр крупного рогатого скота абердин-ангусской породы разных половозрастных групп в условиях ООО «Агрофирма «Прогресс». У животных с клиническими признаками телязиоза брали смывы с конъюнктивальной полости для дальнейшего микроскопического исследования. За 2020 г. исследовано 236 гол. крупного рогатого скота, из них 42 взрослых животных старше двух лет, 77 животных в возрасте одного года и 117 телят от 0 до 6 мес. Видовую принадлежность возбудителей определяли при исследовании смывов конъюнктивальной полости по морфологии взрослых телязий (Городович Н. М., 1967). Для борьбы с эктопаразитами и профилактики телязиоза применяли инсектоакарицидный препарат из группы синтетических пиретроидов. Исследование проводили на двух животноводческих площадках хозяйства ООО «Агрофирма «Прогресс», располагающихся на разных рельефах местности: в умеренно степной зоне с сухим климатом и искусственными пастбищами и в горной зоне с влажным климатом и естественными пастбищами.Результаты и обсуждение. За 2019–2020 гг. в агрофирме «Прогресс» Лабинского района Краснодарского края телязиоз зарегистрирован у 236 голов крупного рогатого скота абердин-ангусской породы. Установлена выраженная сезонная динамика; распространение инвазии фиксировали в период с конца мая по октябрь; пик инвазии приходился на август. Наблюдали четкую корреляцию инвазии с активностью зоофильных мух - переносчиков телязиоза. Наиболее широкое распространение телязиоза отмечали у молодняка крупного рогатого скота до 6-месячного возраста, содержащегося на животноводческих площадках на равнинной местности в условиях более сухого климата

Propionate and butyrate dependent bacterial sulfate reduction at extremely haloalkaline conditions and description of Desulfobotulus alkaliphilus sp. nov.

Evidence on the utilization of simple fatty acids by sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) at extremely haloalkaline conditions are practically absent, except for a single case of syntrophy by Desulfonatronum on acetate. Our experiments with sediments from soda lakes of Kulunda Steppe (Altai, Russia) showed sulfide production with sulfate as electron acceptor and propionate and butyrate (but not acetate) as an electron donor at a pH 10–10.5 and a salinity 70–180 g l−1. With propionate as substrate, a highly enriched sulfidogenic culture was obtained in which the main component was identified as a novel representative of the family Syntrophobacteraceae. With butyrate as substrate, a pure SRB culture was isolated which oxidized butyrate and some higher fatty acids incompletely to acetate. The strain represents the first haloalkaliphilic representative of the family Desulfobacteraceae and is described as Desulfobotulus alkaliphilus sp. nov

Genomics of alkaliphiles

Alkalinicity presents a challenge for life due to a “reversed” proton gradient that is unfavourable to many bioenergetic processes across the membranes of microorganisms. Despite this, many bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes, collectively termed alkaliphiles, are adapted to life in alkaline ecosystems and are of great scientific and biotechnological interest due to their niche specialization and ability to produce highly stable enzymes. Advances in next-generation sequencing technologies have propelled not only the genomic characterization of many alkaliphilic microorganisms that have been isolated from nature alkaline sources but also our understanding of the functional relationships between different taxa in microbial communities living in these ecosystems. In this review, we discuss the genetics and molecular biology of alkaliphiles from an “omics” point of view, focusing on how metagenomics and transcriptomics have contributed to our understanding of these extremophiles.https://link.springer.com/bookseries/10hj2021BiochemistryGeneticsMicrobiology and Plant Patholog