On Schwarzschild's Topology in Brane-Worlds

The topological structure of Schwarzschild's space-time and its maximal analytic extension are investigated in context of brane-worlds. Using the embedding coordinates, these geometries are seen as different states of the evolution of a single brane-world. Comparing the topologies and the embeddings it is shown that this evolution must be followed by a signature change in the bulk.Comment: 6 page

Young and embedded clusters in Cygnus-X: evidence for building up the IMF?

We provide a new view on the Cygnus-X north complex by accessing for the first time the low mass content of young stellar populations in the region. CFHT/WIRCam camera was used to perform a deep near-IR survey of this complex, sampling stellar masses down to ~0.1 M$_\odot$. Several analysis tools, including a extinction treatment developed in this work, were employed to identify and uniformly characterise a dozen unstudied young star clusters in the area. Investigation of their mass distributions in low-mass domain revealed a relatively uniform log-normal IMF with a characteristic mass of 0.32$\pm$0.08 M$_\odot$ and mass dispersion of 0.40$\pm$0.06. In the high mass regime, their derived slopes showed that while the youngest clusters (age < 4 Myr) presented slightly shallower values with respect to the Salpeter's, our older clusters (4 Myr < age < 18 Myr) showed IMF compliant values and a slightly denser stellar population. Although possibly evidencing a deviation from an 'universal' IMF, these results also supports a scenario where these gas dominated young clusters gradually 'build up' their IMF by accreting low-mass stars formed in their vicinity during their first ~3 Myr, before the gas expulsion phase, emerging at the age of ~4 Myr with a fully fledged IMF. Finally, the derived distances to these clusters confirmed the existence of at least 3 different star forming regions throughout Cygnus-X north complex, at distances of 500-900 pc, 1.4-1.7 kpc and 3.0 kpc, and revealed evidence of a possible interaction between some of these stellar populations and the Cygnus-OB2 association.Comment: 20 pages, 19 figures. Contains an appendix with 10 extra figure