lnsect fauna of selected polypore fungi on birch stems in northern Bohemia

Fauna of polypore fungi Fornes fornentarius (L. x Fries) Kicks, Piptoporus betulinus (Bull. ex Fr.) F. Karsten, Fornitopsis pinicola (Swatr ex Fr.) P. Karsten of the birch stem, consisted of 55 insect species. The following species were dominant: Diaperis boleti F. 34.8%, Aridius nodifer West. 19.9%, Bolitophagus reticulatus L. 10.9%, Epuraea variegata (Herbst.) 6.3%, Gyrophaena boleti (L.) 5%, Cis jacquernarti Mellié 4.9%, Atheta fungi (Gras) 3.5%, Atheta crassicornis (F.) 2.8% and moth Archinemapogon yildizae Kocak 2.1 %. A. nodifer (Latridiidae) is a ubiquitous mycetophagous species which in our conditions prefers F. pinicola and has a significant position in the fauna of F. betulinus. Thunes (1994) reports C. jacquermarti only from pine forest, where it formed 54.6% on sporocarps of F. fornentarius while only 1.3% on F. betulinus. In our collections made in birch stands it preferred multiyear sporocarps of F. pinicola and F. fomentarius to P. betulinus. In the Czech Republic it is generally common in deciduous forests especially on F. fornentarius, often simultaneously with C. alter. This can lead to the conclusion that it is the sporocarp of decaying fungus species which is decisive rather than the type of forest (Paviour-Smith 1960, Lawrence 1973, Jelínek 1990). Dominant representation of D. boleti species (34.8%) has been registered with an evident linkage to P. betulinus (50.6%) and F. fornentarius (31.1 %) and B. reticulatus with prevailing bond to F: fornentarius (46.3%). Butterfly caterpillar fauna showed a limited species spectrum, yet its representatives occurred in al1 sporocarps, F. betulinus being generally preferred. Key words: Birch, Betula verrucosa, Fomes fornentarius, Piptoporus betulinus, Fornitopsis pinicola, Insect fauna.Fauna of polypore fungi Fornes fornentarius (L. x Fries) Kicks, Piptoporus betulinus (Bull. ex Fr.) F. Karsten, Fornitopsis pinicola (Swatr ex Fr.) P. Karsten of the birch stem, consisted of 55 insect species. The following species were dominant: Diaperis boleti F. 34.8%, Aridius nodifer West. 19.9%, Bolitophagus reticulatus L. 10.9%, Epuraea variegata (Herbst.) 6.3%, Gyrophaena boleti (L.) 5%, Cis jacquernarti Mellié 4.9%, Atheta fungi (Gras) 3.5%, Atheta crassicornis (F.) 2.8% and moth Archinemapogon yildizae Kocak 2.1 %. A. nodifer (Latridiidae) is a ubiquitous mycetophagous species which in our conditions prefers F. pinicola and has a significant position in the fauna of F. betulinus. Thunes (1994) reports C. jacquermarti only from pine forest, where it formed 54.6% on sporocarps of F. fornentarius while only 1.3% on F. betulinus. In our collections made in birch stands it preferred multiyear sporocarps of F. pinicola and F. fomentarius to P. betulinus. In the Czech Republic it is generally common in deciduous forests especially on F. fornentarius, often simultaneously with C. alter. This can lead to the conclusion that it is the sporocarp of decaying fungus species which is decisive rather than the type of forest (Paviour-Smith 1960, Lawrence 1973, Jelínek 1990). Dominant representation of D. boleti species (34.8%) has been registered with an evident linkage to P. betulinus (50.6%) and F. fornentarius (31.1 %) and B. reticulatus with prevailing bond to F: fornentarius (46.3%). Butterfly caterpillar fauna showed a limited species spectrum, yet its representatives occurred in al1 sporocarps, F. betulinus being generally preferred. Key words: Birch, Betula verrucosa, Fomes fornentarius, Piptoporus betulinus, Fornitopsis pinicola, Insect fauna.Fauna of polypore fungi Fornes fornentarius (L. x Fries) Kicks, Piptoporus betulinus (Bull. ex Fr.) F. Karsten, Fornitopsis pinicola (Swatr ex Fr.) P. Karsten of the birch stem, consisted of 55 insect species. The following species were dominant: Diaperis boleti F. 34.8%, Aridius nodifer West. 19.9%, Bolitophagus reticulatus L. 10.9%, Epuraea variegata (Herbst.) 6.3%, Gyrophaena boleti (L.) 5%, Cis jacquernarti Mellié 4.9%, Atheta fungi (Gras) 3.5%, Atheta crassicornis (F.) 2.8% and moth Archinemapogon yildizae Kocak 2.1 %. A. nodifer (Latridiidae) is a ubiquitous mycetophagous species which in our conditions prefers F. pinicola and has a significant position in the fauna of F. betulinus. Thunes (1994) reports C. jacquermarti only from pine forest, where it formed 54.6% on sporocarps of F. fornentarius while only 1.3% on F. betulinus. In our collections made in birch stands it preferred multiyear sporocarps of F. pinicola and F. fomentarius to P. betulinus. In the Czech Republic it is generally common in deciduous forests especially on F. fornentarius, often simultaneously with C. alter. This can lead to the conclusion that it is the sporocarp of decaying fungus species which is decisive rather than the type of forest (Paviour-Smith 1960, Lawrence 1973, Jelínek 1990). Dominant representation of D. boleti species (34.8%) has been registered with an evident linkage to P. betulinus (50.6%) and F. fornentarius (31.1 %) and B. reticulatus with prevailing bond to F: fornentarius (46.3%). Butterfly caterpillar fauna showed a limited species spectrum, yet its representatives occurred in al1 sporocarps, F. betulinus being generally preferred. Key words: Birch, Betula verrucosa, Fomes fornentarius, Piptoporus betulinus, Fornitopsis pinicola, Insect fauna

A New Perspective on Clustered Planarity as a Combinatorial Embedding Problem

The clustered planarity problem (c-planarity) asks whether a hierarchically clustered graph admits a planar drawing such that the clusters can be nicely represented by regions. We introduce the cd-tree data structure and give a new characterization of c-planarity. It leads to efficient algorithms for c-planarity testing in the following cases. (i) Every cluster and every co-cluster (complement of a cluster) has at most two connected components. (ii) Every cluster has at most five outgoing edges. Moreover, the cd-tree reveals interesting connections between c-planarity and planarity with constraints on the order of edges around vertices. On one hand, this gives rise to a bunch of new open problems related to c-planarity, on the other hand it provides a new perspective on previous results.Comment: 17 pages, 2 figure

Advances on Testing C-Planarity of Embedded Flat Clustered Graphs

We show a polynomial-time algorithm for testing c-planarity of embedded flat clustered graphs with at most two vertices per cluster on each face.Comment: Accepted at GD '1

Fast magnetoacoustic wave trains in magnetic funnels of the solar corona

Context: Fast magneto-acoustic waves are highly dispersive in waveguides, so they can generate quasi-periodic wave trains if a localised, impulsive driver is applied. Such wave trains have been observed in the solar corona and may be of use as a seismological tool since they depend upon the plasma structuring perpendicular to the direction of propagation. Aims. We extend existing models of magnetoacoustic waveguides to consider the effects of an expanding magnetic field. The funnel geometry employed includes a field-aligned density structure. Methods: We performed 2D numerical simulations of impulsively generated fast magneto-acoustic perturbations. The effects of the density contrast ratio, density stratification, and spectral profile of the driver upon the excited wave trains were investigated. Results: The density structure acts as a dispersive waveguide for fast magneto-acoustic waves and generates a quasi-periodic wave train similar to previous models. The funnel geometry leads to generating additional wave trains that propagate outside the density structure. These newly discovered wave trains are formed by the leakage of transverse perturbations, but they propagate upwards owing to the refraction caused by the magnetic funnel. Conclusions: The results of our funnel model may be applicable to wave trains observed propagating in the solar corona. They demonstrate similar properties to those found in our simulations

A 1.8 mJ, picosecond Nd:YVO4 bounce amplifier pump front-end system for high-accuracy XUV-frequency comb spectroscopy

1 mu s, providing a promising pump laser system for parametric amplification and subsequent upconversion of near-infrared frequency combs to the extreme ultraviolet (XUV). (C) 2012 by Astro, Ltd

Planar Octilinear Drawings with One Bend Per Edge

In octilinear drawings of planar graphs, every edge is drawn as an alternating sequence of horizontal, vertical and diagonal ($45^\circ$) line-segments. In this paper, we study octilinear drawings of low edge complexity, i.e., with few bends per edge. A $k$-planar graph is a planar graph in which each vertex has degree less or equal to $k$. In particular, we prove that every 4-planar graph admits a planar octilinear drawing with at most one bend per edge on an integer grid of size $O(n^2) \times O(n)$. For 5-planar graphs, we prove that one bend per edge still suffices in order to construct planar octilinear drawings, but in super-polynomial area. However, for 6-planar graphs we give a class of graphs whose planar octilinear drawings require at least two bends per edge

Hierarchical Partial Planarity

In this paper we consider graphs whose edges are associated with a degree of {\em importance}, which may depend on the type of connections they represent or on how recently they appeared in the scene, in a streaming setting. The goal is to construct layouts of these graphs in which the readability of an edge is proportional to its importance, that is, more important edges have fewer crossings. We formalize this problem and study the case in which there exist three different degrees of importance. We give a polynomial-time testing algorithm when the graph induced by the two most important sets of edges is biconnected. We also discuss interesting relationships with other constrained-planarity problems.Comment: Conference version appeared in WG201

Metastatic MHC class I-negative mouse cells derived by transformation with human papillomavirus type 16

In the endeavour to develop a model for studying gene therapy of cancers associated with human papillomaviruses (HPVs), mouse cells were transformed with the HPV type 16 (HPV16) and activated H-ras oncogenes. This was done by contransfection of plasmid p16HHMo, carrying the HPV16 E6/E7 oncogenes, and plasmid pEJ6.6, carrying the gene coding for human H-ras oncoprotein activated by G12V mutation, into secondary C57BL/6 mouse kidney cells. An oncogenic cell line, designated MK16/1/IIIABC, was derived. The epithelial origin of the cells was confirmed by their expression of cytokeratins. No MHC class I and class II molecules were detected on the surface of MK16/1/IIIABC cells. Spontaneous metastases were observed in lymphatic nodes and lungs after prolonged growth of MK16/1/IIIABC-induced subcutaneous tumours. Lethally irradiated MK16/1/IIIABC cells induced protection against challenge with 105homologous cells, but not against a higher cell dose (5 × 105). Plasmids p16HHMo and pEJ6.6 were also used for preventive immunization of mice. In comparison with a control group injected with pBR322, they exhibited moderate protection, in terms of prolonged survival, against MK16/1/IIIABC challenge (P< 0.03). These data suggest that MK16/1/IIIABC cells may serve as a model for studying immune reactions against HPV16-associated human tumours. © 2001 Cancer Research Campaign http://www.bjcancer.co

Modelling GRB021004 by multiple energy injections

GRB021004 is one of the best sampled gamma-ray bursts (GRB) todate, however the nature of its light curve is still being debated. A compilation of multiwavelength (from radio to X-rays) observations, including unpublished optical/near-infrared and millimetre observations, is used to fit a model based on 7 refreshed shocks that took place during the evolution of the afterglow. They imply a total energy release of ∼ 8 × 1051 erg. Analysis of the late photometry reveals that the GRB021004 host is a low extinction (AV ∼ 0.1) starburst galaxy with MB � −22.0