DETECTION OF CRYPTOSPORIDIUM AND CHARACTERIZATION OF THE INTESTINAL MICROFLORA IN CHILDREN WITH ACUTE INTESTINAL INFECTIONS

This paper presents results, which were obtained during investigation of 106 children with acute intestinal infections in order to determine the presence of cryptosporidia and to evaluate their intestinal microbial status. The cryptosporidia's oocysts were found in 31 of children (29,2 %) that were mainly under the 3 age old. At the same time the authors found the dysbacteriosis of the second and. third, degrees in 92,5 % of patients. Six patients (5,7 %) became cryptosporidium negative and improved their intestinal microbial status. The obtained results showed that lactobacterias containing probiotics are effective in treatment of children with acute intestinal infections for normalizing of intestinal biocenosis and. to eradicate cryptosporidia

Частота выявляемости маркеров цитомегаловирусной инфекции у детей с рекуррентными респираторными заболеваниями, у больных с шига-токсин-ассоциированным гемолитико-уремическим синдромом (STEC-ГУС)

The paper presents data on the detection and role of cytomegalovirus infection (CMVI) in 146 children of certain groups aged from 3 months to 15 years who were hospitalized — frequently ill children with respiratory pathology, patients with shiga-toxin-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome (STEC-HUS) and schoolchildren with somatic diseases during rehabilitation in a sanatorium.The aim of the study was to determine the frequency of detection of CMVI in the presented groups, the originality of the main clinical manifestations in correlation with the markers of activity of herpesvirus type V infection. Clinical monitoring was carried out, oropharyngeal swabs, saliva,blood samples (serum and blood cells) were studied using a set of laboratory diagnostic methods:RCM (rapid culture method) on Vero- and M-19 cells, IIR (reaction of indirect immunofluorescence), ELISA to detect specific antigens and antibodies (IgM, IgG).The detection rate of CMV IgG in diagnostic values ranged from 6.4% in the group of frequently ill children with respiratory pathology to 31.7% in schoolchildren of the sanatorium, the acute course of infection was detected in3.2% and 6.4%, respectively, based on markers of acute infection (CMV IgM and cytomegalovirus antigen). In patients with STEC-HUS CMV IgG in diagnostic titers were recorded with the highest frequency — in 74.4% of patients. Представлены данные по выявлению и роли цитомегаловируснойинфекции (ЦМВИ) у 146 детей отдельных групп в возрасте от 3 мес. до 15 лет, находившихся на стационарном лечении — часто болеющие дети (ЧБД) с респираторной патологией, пациенты с шига-токсин-ассоциированным гемолитико-уремическим синдромом (STEC-ГУС) и школьники с соматическими заболеваниями при реабилитации в санатории.Целью исследования явилось определение частоты выявления ЦМВИ в представленных группах, своеобразия основных клинических проявлений в корреляции с маркерами активности герпесвирусной инфекции V типа. Проводилось клиническое мониторирование, исследовались ротоглоточные мазки, слюна, образцы крови (сыворотка и клетки крови) с применением комплекса лабораторных методов диагностики: БКМ на клетках Verо- и M-19, НРИФ, ИФА для выявления специфических антигенов и ан-тител (IgM, IgG).Частота обнаружения ЦМВ IgG в диагностических значениях колебалась от 6,4% в группе ЧБД с респираторной патологией до 31,7% — у школьников санатория, острое течение инфекции выявлено в 3,2% и 6,4% соответственно на основании марке-ров острой инфекции (ЦМВ IgM и АГ цитомегаловируса). У больных STEC-ГУС ЦМВ IgG в диагностических титрах регистрировались с наибольшей частотой — у 74,4% больных

The structure of the oropharyngeal genus Candida fungi community in HIVinfected patients

At the present time virtually no data are available about the structure of the genus Candida fungus able to target HIV-infected patients and serve as an etiological factor of candidiasis. The aforementioned shaped the aim of the study: to examine structure of the Candida genus community colonizing the oropharynx in HIV-infected patients with clinical manifestations of oropharyngeal candidiasis. There was conducted a microbiological study of the oropharynx in 31 HIV-infected patients (51.6% males and 48.4% females) with clinical manifestations of oropharyngeal candidiasis treated at Moscow Infectious Clinic No. 2 inpatient department in the years 2015–2017. We confirmed the diversity of the oropharyngeal Candida spp. community found in HIV-infected patients. Total 52 isolates of the genus Candida were isolated. C. albicans dominated in 57.7% cases, whereas C. glabrata prevailed (21.1%) among non-albicans species. Minor components were represented by C. tropicalis (11.5%) and C. krusei (9.6%). C. albicans and C. glabrata were sensitive to polyenes, whereas minor community components — to itroconazole and clotrimazole. The vast majority of fungal strains were resistant to fluconazole. The genus Candida community reveals a unique architecture so that any member may exist in the oropharyngeal biotope of HIV-infected patients as a monoculture or in association: homogeneous, consisting of a single species strains, or heterogeneous, formed by several species. Candida fungi in 18 patients (58.1%) were isolated as a monoculture, whereas in 13 (41.9%) subjects — in association consisting of 34 isolates (65.4% of total number), of which 16 (30.8%) and 18 (34.6%) were isolated from homogeneous and heterogeneous associations, respectively. There were identified 9 two-component associations (69.2%), and 4 (30.8%) consisting of three or more components. It turned out that pattern of the examined community was mainly determined by species composition that agrees with previous data. Most common associations were presented by C. krusei (100%) and C. albicans (73.3%). Upon that, most often C. albicans (72.7%) formed a homogeneous type of associations. Sensitivity of Candida fungi to antimycotic drugs also depended on the architecture of related community. C. albicans isolates in heterogeneous associations revealed a wide range of resistance acquired by contact with non-albicans species