25 research outputs found
Differences in reported sepsis incidence according to study design: a literature review
Transmembrane Transport of Inorganic Phosphate by a Strapped Calix[4]pyrrole
Synthetic anion receptors are increasingly being explored for the transport of anions across lipid membranes because of their potential therapeutic applications. A considerable amount of research focuses on the transport of chloride, whereas the transmembrane transport of inorganic phosphate has not been reported to date, despite the biological relevance of this anion. Here we present a calix[4]pyrrole with a bisurea strap that functions as a receptor and transporter for H2PO4–, relying on the formation of eight hydrogen bonds and efficient encapsulation of the anion. Using a phosphate-sensitive lanthanide probe and 31P NMR spectroscopy, we demonstrate that this receptor can transport phosphate into vesicles by H2PO4–/Cl– antiport, H2PO4– uniport, and Cs+/H2PO4– symport mechanisms. This first example of inorganic phosphate transport by a neutral receptor opens perspectives for the future development of transporters for various biological phosphates.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe
Transmembrane Transport of Inorganic Phosphate by a Strapped Calix[4]pyrrole
Synthetic anion receptors are increasingly being explored
for the
transport of anions across lipid membranes because of their potential
therapeutic applications. A considerable amount of research focuses
on the transport of chloride, whereas the transmembrane transport
of inorganic phosphate has not been reported to date, despite the
biological relevance of this anion. Here we present a calix[4]pyrrole
with a bisurea strap that functions as a receptor and transporter
for H2PO4–, relying on the
formation of eight hydrogen bonds and efficient encapsulation of the
anion. Using a phosphate-sensitive lanthanide probe and 31P NMR spectroscopy, we demonstrate that this receptor can transport
phosphate into vesicles by H2PO4–/Cl– antiport, H2PO4– uniport, and Cs+/H2PO4– symport mechanisms. This first example of inorganic
phosphate transport by a neutral receptor opens perspectives for the
future development of transporters for various biological phosphates
Transmembrane Transport of Inorganic Phosphate by a Strapped Calix[4]pyrrole
Synthetic anion receptors are increasingly being explored
for the
transport of anions across lipid membranes because of their potential
therapeutic applications. A considerable amount of research focuses
on the transport of chloride, whereas the transmembrane transport
of inorganic phosphate has not been reported to date, despite the
biological relevance of this anion. Here we present a calix[4]pyrrole
with a bisurea strap that functions as a receptor and transporter
for H2PO4–, relying on the
formation of eight hydrogen bonds and efficient encapsulation of the
anion. Using a phosphate-sensitive lanthanide probe and 31P NMR spectroscopy, we demonstrate that this receptor can transport
phosphate into vesicles by H2PO4–/Cl– antiport, H2PO4– uniport, and Cs+/H2PO4– symport mechanisms. This first example of inorganic
phosphate transport by a neutral receptor opens perspectives for the
future development of transporters for various biological phosphates
Dextramer reagents are effective tools for quantifying CMV antigen-specific T cells from peripheral blood samples
Assessment of CMV T-Cell Immunity Post Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Allow Stratification of Patients at Risk for CMV Infection
The effects of preexposure to a warning or a safety signal on the acquisition of a two-way avoidance response in rats
Sato Processes in Default Modelling
In reduced form default models, the instantaneous default intensity is the classical modelling object. Survival probabilities are then given by the Laplace transform of the cumulative hazard defined as the integrated intensity process. Instead, recent literature tends to specify the cumulative hazard process directly. Within this framework we present a new model class where cumulative hazards are described by self-similar additive processes, also known as Sato processes. Furthermore, we analyse specifications obtained via a simple deterministic time change of a homogeneous Levy process. While the processes in these two classes share the same average behaviour over time, the associated intensities exhibit very different properties. Concrete specifications are calibrated to data on all the single names included in the iTraxx Europe index. The performances are compared with those of the classical Cox-Ingersoll-Ross intensity and a recently proposed class of intensity models based on Ornstein-Uhlenbeck-type processes. It is shown that the time-inhomogeneous Levy models achieve comparable calibration errors with fewer parameters and with more stable parameter estimates over time. However, the calibration performance of the Sato processes and the time-change specifications are practically indistinguishable.Credit default swap, reduced form model, Sato process, time-changed Levy process, cumulative hazard,