Genetic control of scald resistance in barley landraces

Scald (Rhynchosporium secalis (Oudem.) J.J. Davis pathogenic agent) is one of the most harmful barley diseases. A high variability of this fungi explains the occurrence of new aggressive pathotypes and, accordingly, loss of cultivar resistance. It was found that many recently selected varieties of barley and previously identified sources of resistance to R. secalis are now susceptible to the pathogen. There is only one gene, Rrs9, that maintains efficiency against pathogen populations in Russia. The aim of this study is to find donors of genes for effective resistance to scald with the ability to easily transfer this trait for hybridization. The inheritance of scald resistance in 33 barley landraces was studied. Analysis of the interaction between the pathogen test clones and the host plant revealed a difference between the alleles determining fungal resistance in 32 barley forms, the previously effective genes Rrs4, rrs6, rrs7, and currently effective Rrs9. It was found that 30 accessions are protected by new unidentified genes for scald resistance. Accessions k-18398 and k-16231 from China are likely to possess allelic genes for scald resistance, while the gene (or genes) of accession k-31075 from Nepal is allelic to the Rrs9 gene. It was demonstrated by hybridological analysis that accessions k-3307, k-15868, k-18989 and k-3481 are protected by effective genes for scald resistance, which differ from each other and which are not allelic to the Rrs4, rrs6, rrs7 or Rrs9 genes. Accessions k-15868 and k-3481 possess two complementary recessive genes for scald resistance, k-18989 has two recessive genes, and k-3307 carries one recessive gene for pathogen resistance. The resistance genes of these forms are manifested during all the stages of plant ontogenesis

Assessment of the State of Cell Membranes against the Background of Prolonged Use of Anticytokine Therapy in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis

Biological therapy in the treatment of immune-mediated conditions has changed their course, the quality of life of patients and the prognosis of diseases. The accumulated by mankind 20 years of experience with the use of genetically engineered drugs has led to a number of questions regarding, among other issues, safety in the long-term administration of biological therapy. Patients suffering from ulcerative colitis revealed changes in cell membranes, reflecting their structural and energy characteristics. Long-term administration of Infliximab leads to the stabilization of energy processes in the erythrocyte membrane and improves homeostatic function of the kidneys.The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of long-term use of TNF-α blockers (Infliximab) on the structural and functional characteristics of cell membranes and the functional state of the kidneys in patients with moderate to severe ulcerative colitis.Materials and methods. We examined 103 patients with moderate to severe ulcerative colitis during the period of acute attack and remission, of which 28 patients received basic therapy using the drug Infliximab (IFX) for 10 years, 75 patients received standard basic treatment. The patients of the biological therapy group took the original drug Infliximab – Remicade. The comparison group consisted of 30 healthy volunteers, comparable by sex and age. The analysis of the state of erythrocyte membranes was carried out using a set of physicochemical methods: UV spectroscopy (SF-46m spectrophotometer), high-performance thin-layer reaction paper chromatography, membrane ultrafiltration, erythrocyte NMR spectroscopy on phosphoric (31P) and proton (1H) nuclei. The functional state of the kidneys was evaluated using a dynamic scintigraphic study (with the technemage –Tc-99m).Results. Prolonged use of anticytokine therapy with Infliximab for 10 years in patients with ulcerative colitis, upon reaching deep remission, improves endogenous intoxication, restores the structural and functional characteristics of cell membranes, normalizes cell energy metabolism and does not negatively affect the functional state of the kidneys

Comparative clinical and functional outcomes of implantation of «reverse-M» and «reverse-M1» IOL in patients with high myopia in the long-term postoperative period

The formation of secondary cataracts in patients with high myopia remains the main cause of vision loss in the long-term postoperative period. In view of that fact, the Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution has developed a soft model of posterior chamber “reverse” IOL, which allows reducing the development of secondary cat aracts.Purpose. Comparative analysis the clinical and functional outcomes of «reverse-M» and «reverse-M1» IOL implantation in patients with high myopia in the long-term postoperative period.Material and methods. Clinical research has been carried out on 140 eyes of 97 patients with high myopia aged from 42 to 83 years (on average, 64.24±0.79 years) after phacoemulsification with IOL implantation in high myopia. The main group consisted of 57 eyes of 40 patients who were implanted with «reverse-M1» IOL, the control group consisted of 83 eyes of 57 patients who were implanted with “reverse-M” IOL. Before the surgery, the uncorrected visual acuity in any patient did not exceed 0.01, and the best corrected visual acuity was no more than 0.2 (80%). The follow-up period was up to 5 years.Results. Visual functions in most patients increased and remained stable throughout the postoperative period, amounting to 0.55±0.04 in the main group, and 0.54±0.03 in the control group. In the late postoperative period, dissection of the posterior lens capsule with «reverse-M» IOL was performed in 11 eyes of 13 patients (13.2%). In the main group, YAG laser dissection of the posterior capsule was required in 2 patients with 3 eyes (5.3%).Conclusion. «Reverse-M1» IOL implantation is safe, predictable and allows to reduce the incidence of secondary cataracts by more than 2 times in comparison with the «reverse-M» IOL

Retrospective analysis of long-term clinical and functional outcomes of implantation of domestically produced posterior chamber PIOL

Introduction. The use of phakic intraocular lens (PIOL) for the correction of high ametropia is reflected in the works of both domestic and foreign ophthalmologists. In spite of this, there are very few publications which are devoted to the long-term outcomes of the use of domestically produced models of PIOL such as RSK-1(3) and RSK-3.Purpose. The main aim of this work is to assess the clinical and functional outcomes of the use of domestically produced models of PIOL such as RSK-1(3) and RSK-3.Material and methods. A retrospective analysis of the long-term results of PIOL implants performed at the Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution was carried out from 1994 to 2001. The analysis involved 122 eyes of 84 patients with high myopia from who were implanted with posterior chamber negative PIOL with two haptic elements (RSK-3) and PIOL with thr ee haptic elements (RSK-1(3). Results. Analysis of the dynamics of postoperative refractive data in compare with preoperative parameters showed us that in all cases there was a significant increase in uncorrected and corrected visual acuity. Long-term outcomes of implantation were found in 25 patients (43 eyes). The average duration of PIOL in the eye was 14.30±1.3 g (from 2 to 30 years). In all cases, the reducing cell density of the corneal epithelium did not exceed 4.0% in the early postoperative period. At the same time, the main complication in the distant postoperative period was the development of subcapsular cataracts.Conclusions. This method of ametropia correction can be recommended to young patients, who are not suitable for keratorefraction interventions

The specifics of teaching the course «Advertising and public relations» for international students of the preparatory department

В статье освещается опыт преподавания курса «Реклама и связи с общественностью» на Подготовительном отделении Уральского федерального университета, а также излагаются основы построения учебного пособия по курсу. Этот предмет имеет ряд особенностей, обусловленных как междисциплинарным характером рекламы и СО, так и практической направленностью этих сфер коммуникации. Это обусловливает сложность лексической, грамматической, текстовой работы на занятиях. К тому же приходится учитывать разный уровень языковой компетенции учащихся.The article highlights the experience of teaching the course “Advertising and Public Relations” at the Preparatory Department of the Ural Federal University, and outlines the basics of building a textbook for the course. This subject has a number of features due to both the interdisciplinary nature of advertising and CO, and the practical orientation of these areas of communication. This determines the complexity of lexical, grammatical, and textual work in the classroom. In addition, it is necessary to take into account the different level of language competence of students

RATAN-600 7.6-cm Deep Sky Strip Surveys at the Declination of the SS433 Source During the 1980-1999 Period. Data Reduction and the Catalog of Radio Sources in the Right-Ascension Interval 7h < R.A. < 17h

We use two independent methods to reduce the data of the surveys made with RATAN-600 radio telescope at 7.6 cm in 1988-1999 at the declination of the SS433 source. We also reprocess the data of the "Cold" survey (1980-1981). The resulting RCR (RATAN COLD REFINED) catalog contains the right ascensions and fluxes of objects identified with those of the NVSS catalog in the right-ascension interval 7h < R.A. < 17h. We obtain the spectra of the radio sources and determine their spectral indices at 3.94 and 0.5 GHz. The spectra are based on the data from all known catalogs available from the CATS, Vizier, and NED databases, and the flux estimates inferred from the maps of the VLSS and GB6 surveys. For 245 of the 550 objects of the RCR catalog the fluxes are known at two frequencies only: 3.94 GHz (RCR) and 1.4 GHz (NVSS). These are mostly sources with fluxes smaller than 30 mJy. About 65% of these sources have flat or inverse spectra (alpha > -0.5). We analyze the reliability of the results obtained for the entire list of objects and construct the histograms of the spectral indices and fluxes of the sources. Our main conclusion is that all 10-15 mJy objects found in the considered right-ascension interval were already included in the decimeter-wave catalogs.Comment: 26 pages, 18 figure

Transition from Townsend to glow discharge: subcritical, mixed or supercritical

The full parameter space of the transition from Townsend to glow discharge is investigated numerically in one space dimension in the classical model: with electrons and positive ions drifting in the local electric field, impact ionization by electrons ($\alpha$ process), secondary electron emission from the cathode ($\gamma$ process) and space charge effects. We also perform a systematic analytical small current expansion about the Townsend limit up to third order in the total current that fits our numerical data very well. Depending on $\gamma$ and system size pd, the transition from Townsend to glow discharge can show the textbook subcritical behavior, but for smaller values of pd, we also find supercritical or some intermediate ``mixed'' behavior. The analysis in particular lays the basis for understanding the complex spatio-temporal patterns in planar barrier discharge systems.Comment: 12 pages, 10 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev.

The KHOLOD Experiment: A Search for a New Population of Radio Sources

Published data from long-term observations of a strip of sky at declination +5 degrees carried out at 7.6 cm on the RATAN-600 radio telescope are used to estimate some statistical properties of radio sources. Limits on the sensitivity of the survey due to noise imposed by background sources, which dominates the radiometer sensitivity, are refined. The vast majority of noise due to background sources is associated with known radio sources (for example, from the NVSS with a detection threshold of 2.3 mJy) with normal steep spectra ({\alpha} = 0.7-0.8, S \propto {\nu}^{- \alpha}), which have also been detected in new deep surveys at decimeter wavelengths. When all such objects are removed from the observational data, this leaves another noise component that is observed to be roughly identical in independent groups of observations. We suggest this represents a new population of radio sources that are not present in known catalogs at the 0.6 mJy level at 7.6 cm. The studied redshift dependence of the number of steep-spectrum objects shows that the sensitivity of our survey is sufficient to detect powerful FRII radio sources at any redshift, right to the epoch of formation of the first galaxies. The inferred new population is most likely associated with low-luminosity objects at redshifts z < 1. In spite of the appearance of new means of carrying out direct studies of distant galaxies, searches for objects with very high redshifts among steep and ultra-steep spectrum radio sources remains an effective method for studying the early Universe.Comment: 13 pages, 10 figure