Phytochemical Study of Cell Culture Jatropha Curcas

Jatropha curcas belongs to the Euphorbiaceae family which has potential economically. This plant has been reported to contain toxic compounds such as curcin and phorbol ester and its derivatives. These compounds may become a problem if J. curcas will be explored as a source of biofuel. In order to provide safety plants, the research on the study of phytochemical and initiation of cell and organ culture have been carried out. J curcas which has been collected from different regions in Indonesia showed to contain relatively the same profile of chemical contents. Dominant compounds that were detected by GCMS are hidrocarbon such as 2-heptenal, decadienal, hexsadecane, pentadecane, cyclooctane etc, fatty acid such as oktadecanoate acid, etthyl linoleate, ethyl stearate, heksadecanoate acid and steroid such as stigmasterol, fucosterol, sitosterol. No phorbol ester and its derivatives have been detected yet by the GCMS method. Callus and suspension cultures of J. curcas have been established to be used for further investigation

Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Air Daun Jati Belanda (Guazuma Ulmifolia Lamk.) Terhadap Kadar Lipid Darah Pada Tikus Jantan

Jati Belanda (Guazumaulmifolia Lamk) has traditionally been used as a slimming agent. This study attempted to determine the effect of water extract of jati Belanda on the blood  lipid concentration of Wistar rats induced - hyperlipidemia. These rats were divided into four groups, each consisting of five rats. Three of these groups were subsequently induced by (1) jati Belanda extract at a dose of 25 mg/kg body weight, (2) jati Belanda extract at a dose of 50 mg/kg body weight, and (3) simvastatin. The fourth was the control group. The extract as well as the simvastatin was given orally for 14 days whereas the control group received vehicle. Blood lipid concentration was determined on day 7 and day 14. The result of this study was analyzed statistically using SPSS program. The result showed that the group induced with water extract of jati Belanda at a dose of 50 mg/kg body weight had a significantly lower level of total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol than the control group

Mutagenic Effect of Ethanol Extract of Jatropha Curcas L Seed Solid Waste Obtained From Residual Fuel Vegetable Processing (Biofuel)

Jatropha curcas seed contains viscous oil that can be used for soap making, cosmetic and as biofuel. It contains phorbol ester that was toxic. Biofuel production of Jatropha curcas seed left seedcake from mechanical press process. For safety evaluation, mutagenicity test was carried out. The seedcake was extracted by maceration method at room temperature with methanol and the mutagenic effect was evaluated by Ames test against Salmonella typhimurium TA 1535 with or without S9 metabolic activator. Methanolic extract of Jatropha curcas seedcake had no mutagenicity effect against S. typhimurium TA 1535

Pharmacological studies of the genus rice (Oryza L.): a literature review

Abstract Rice (Oryza L.) is an essential food for more than 50 percent of the world's population and is the world's second-largest grain crop. Pigmented rice comes in various colors, such as black, red, brown, and green. Anthocyanins, like cyanidin-3-O-glucoside and peonidin-3-O-glucoside, are the primary color pigments in colored rice, whereas proanthocyanidins and flavan-3-ol oligosaccharides, with catechins as the central synthesis unit, are found in brown rice. This review article's aim is to give information and a summary of rice activities, research methods, also mechanisms of action (Oryza L.). Intake of pigmented rice was already associated with a number of health benefits, including antioxidant activity, anticancer, antitumor, antidiabetic activity, and a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease. Rice contains several bioactive compounds, such as γ-oryzanol, phenolic acid, anthocyanins, proanthocyanidins, flavonoids, carotenoids, and phytosterols, which have been widely studied and shown to have several pharmacological activities. The use of current herbal compounds is rapidly increasing, including the practice of pharmacological disease prevention and treatment. Herbal remedies have entered the international market as a result of research into plant biopharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals. Through a variety of pharmacological activities, it is clear that Oryza L. is a popular herb. As a result, additional research on Oryza L. can be conducted to investigate more recent and comprehensive pharmacological effectiveness, to provide information and an overview of Rice (Oryza L.) activities, research methods, and mechanisms of action. Several natural substances are characterized by low water solubility, low stability, and sensitivity to light and oxygen, and the potential for poor absorption of the active substances requires modification of the formulation. To improve the effectiveness of pharmacologically active substances originating from natural ingredients, drug delivery systems that use lipid-based formulations can be considered innovations