Production of a0a_0-mesons in the reactions πN→a0N\pi N \to a_0 N and pp→da0+p p \to d a_0^+ at GeV energies

We investigate the reactions $\pi N \to a_0 N$ and $p p \to d a_0^+$ near threshold and at medium energies. An effective Lagragian approach and the Regge pole model are applied to analyze different contributions to the cross section of the reaction $\pi N \to a_0 N$. These results are used to calculate the differential and total cross sections of the reaction $p p \to d a_0^+$ within the framework of the two-step model in which two nucleons produce an $a_0$-meson via $\pi$ -meson exchange and fuse to a deuteron. The necessity of new measurements on $a_0$ production and branching fractions (of its decay to the $K\bar K$ and $\pi\eta$ channels) is emphasized for clarifying the $a_0$ structure. Detailed predictions for the reaction $pp \to d a_0^+$ are presented for the energy regime of the proton synchrotron COSY-J\"ulich.Comment: 9 pages, including 6 eps figure

The Role of Non-Profit Organizations in Improving the Efficiency of Managing Corporate Social Responsibility Programs of Russian Enterprises

The purpose of the presented study should be considered the identification of promising areas and the organizational and economic mechanism for the potential participation of non-profit organizations in the implementation of projects and programs of corporate social responsibility based on the use of public-private partnership opportunities in solving systemic problems of regional development, primarily in such urgent areas of social development as social sphere and reduction of differentiation between population groups. The article presents methodological approaches that reflect the topical issues of determining the place and role of NGOs in the Russian economy. In modern conditions, non-profit organizations should become an important participant in the comprehensive implementation of corporate social responsibility programs for various business entities within the same territory and region, which will increase the effectiveness of financial investments of all market participants, including the state through the use of the mechanism of public-private partnership, and to create a transparent system of accounting and control of the results of this activity in relation to the obtained socio-economic effects

Financial Situation of Large Families and Factors of Their Income Growth

The article analyzes changes in the financial situation of large families in the period from 2018 to 2022 using the data of the Rosstat’s Comprehensive Observation of Living Conditions of the Population for 2018 and 2022. The prevalence of various deprivations among large households and households with children in general is estimated. Changes in household income relative to the poverty line and deprivation level between 2018 and 2022 are calculated. It is shown that despite the improvement in financial status between 2018 and 2022, large families continue to experience significant risks of poverty and deprivation. To assess the factors affecting the incomes of large households, Rosstat data of the Sample Survey of Population Income and Participation in Social Programs (VNDN-2022) were used. Regression analysis shows that employment of adult members of a large family, improvement of their education and qualification level will contribute to the growth of average per capita family income relative to the poverty line. The article outlines proposals for increasing the labor potential of large families, improving their financial situation and reducing poverty

Polarization observables in high-energy deuteron photodisintegration within the Quark-Gluon Strings Model

Deuteron two-body photodisintegration is analysed within the framework of the Quark-Gluon Strings Model. The model describes fairly well the recent experimental data from TJNAF in the few GeV region. Angular distributions at different $\gamma$-energies are presented and the effect of a forward-backward asymmetry is discussed. New results from the QGSM for polarization observables from 1.5 -- 6 GeV are presented and compared with the available data.Comment: 3 pages, LaTeX, 4 postscript figures; contribution to QNP2002, Juelich, June 10-14, 200

Deuteron photodisintegration within the Quark-Gluon Strings Model and QCD motivated nonlinear Regge trajectories

We investigate deuteron two-body photodisintegration within the framework of the Quark-Gluon Strings Model with nonlinear baryon Regge trajectories. Special attention is paid to the use of QCD motivated Regge trajectories of the logarithmic and square-root form which have been suggested recently by Brisudov\'{a}, Burakovsky and Goldman. We find that the recent experimental data from TJNAF in the few GeV region can reasonably be described by the model. Angular distributions at different $\gamma$-energies are presented and the effect of a forward-backward asymmetry is discussed. Predictions for the energy dependence of $d\sigma/dt$ at higher energies and different $\Theta_{cm}$ are presented, too.Comment: 21 pages, LaTeX, including 6 postscript figures; submitted to Phys. Rev.

Angular asymmetries in the reactions pp \to d\pi^+\eta and pn \to d\pi^0\eta and a_0-f_0 mixing

The reactions pp\to d\pi^+\eta and pn\to d\pi^0\eta are of special interest for investigating the a_0(980) (J^P=0^+) resonance in the process NN \to da_0 \to d\pi\eta. We study some aspects of those reactions within a general formalism and also in a concrete phenomenological model. In particular, it is shown that the presence of nonresonant (i.e. without excitation of the a_0 resonance) contributions to these reactions yields nonvanishing values for specific polarization observables, i.e. to effects like those generated by a_0-f_0 mixing. An experimental determination of these observables for the reaction pp\to d\pi^+\eta would provide concrete information on the magnitude of those nonresonant contributions to \pi\eta production. We discuss also the possibility of extracting information about a_0-f_0 mixing from the reaction pn \to d\pi^0\eta with polarized proton beam.Comment: 14 pages, 3 figure

Behaviour of the Blazar CTA 102 during two giant outbursts

Blazar CTA 102 underwent exceptional optical and high-energy outbursts in 2012 and 2016-2017. We analyze its behaviour during these events, focusing on polarimetry as a tool that allows us to trace changes in the physical conditions and geometric configuration of the emission source close to the central black hole. We also use Fermi gamma-ray data in conjunction with optical photometry in an effort to localize the origin of the outbursts.AST-1615796 - Boston Universit

ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ПОКАЗАТЕЛЕЙ АПОПТОЗА ЛИМФОЦИТОВ КРОВИ ЖИВОТНЫХ ПРИ ГЕЛЬМИНТОЗАХ

Studying the role of apoptosis of blood cells allows to determine more precisely the mechanisms of immunopathology in general, and immunosuppression - in particular. The aim of that research was to study morphological and molecular indicators of apoptosis of peripheral blood lymphocytes in mice infected with Trichocephalus muris and rabbits infected with Passalurus ambiguus to determine possible mechanisms of secondary immunosuppression development under chronisation of helminthiasis. Materials and methods. During the experiment, the animals were divided into the following groups: 1) intact mice (control group) - 15 ind.; 2) intact rabbits (control group) - 10 ind.; 3) mice infected with Trichocephalus muris (Schrank, 1788) - 60 ind.; 4) rabbits infected with Passalurus ambiguous (Rudolphi, 1819 ) - 30 ind. Blood from the tail vein of mice, and the ear vein of rabbits was used to prepare smears 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8 weeks after infestation. Light microscopy of blood smears stained by Romanovsky’s method [2] was applied for leucogram determination and investigation of morphological indicators of apoptosis. For molecular studies, mononuclear leukocytes were isolated from venous whole blood by density gradient centrifugation using Ficoll-Paque media (= 1,077 g / cm3, «Pharmacia», Sweden) [12]. The concentration of the pro-apoptotic protein caspase-3 and anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 was determined in lysates of lymphocytes by ELISA using kits Human Caspase-3 instant ELISA and the Human Bcl-2 ELISA of the company «Bender MedSystems GmbH» (Vienna, Austria). Results and discussion. The analysis of obtained data shows that at helminth infection of animals and under chronisation of helminthiasis, statistically significant changes occur within 8 weeks in the total number of leukocytes, the total number of lymphocytes and lymphocytes with morphological signs of apoptosis, as well as in pro-apoptotic protein caspase-3 and anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein. This comprehensive study convincingly shown that a gradual and significant increase in apoptotic activity of lymphocytes on the receptor and cellular levels is observed in animals in the period from the beginning of infestation up to the chronic stage of helminthiasis. This is manifested in the increased number of lymphocytes with morphological features of apoptosis against the background of the increased level of pro-apoptotic protein caspase-3, and the reduced level of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2.Изучение роли апоптоза клеток крови позволяет наиболее точно определить механизмы развития иммунопатологии в целом, и иммуносупрессии - в частности. Целью исследований было изучить морфологические и молекулярные показатели апоптоза лимфоцитов периферической крови при трихоцефалезе мышей и пассалурозе кроликов для определения возможных механизмов развития вторичной иммунодепрессии при хронизации гельминтозного процесса. Материалы и методы . В ходе эксперимента животные были подразделены на следующие группы: 1) интактные мыши (контрольная группа) - 15 шт.; 2) интактные кролики (контрольная группа) - 10 шт.; 3) мыши, зараженные Trichocephalus muris (Schrank,1788) - 60 шт.; 4) кролики, зараженные Passalurus ambiguous (Rudolphi, 1819) - 30 шт. Для приготовления мазков через 1, 2, 3 и 6, 7, 8 недель после заражения служила кровь из хвостовой вены мышей и из ушной вены кроликов. Определение лейкоцитарной формулы и исследование морфологических признаков апоптоза проводили методом световой микроскопии мазков крови, окрашенных по Романовскому [ 2 ]. Для молекулярных исследований мононуклеарные лейкоциты выделяли из цельной венозной крови путем центрифугирования на градиенте плотности Ficoll-Paque (=1,077 г/см3, «Pharmacia», Швеция) [12]. Концентрацию проапоптотического белка caspase-3 и антиапоптотического белка Bcl-2 определяли в лизате лимфоцитов методом иммуноферментного анализа с использованием наборов Human Caspase-3 instant ELISA и Human Bcl-2 ELISA фирмы «Bender MedSystems GmbH» (Вена, Австрия). Результаты и обсуждение. Анализ полученных данных свидетельствует о том, что при заражении животных гельминтами и в процессе хронизации гельминтозных процессов на протяжении 8 недель происходят достоверно значимые изменения в общем числе лейкоцитов, общем количестве лимфоцитов и количестве лимфоцитов с морфологическими признаками апоптоза, а также в уровнях проапоптотического белка caspase-3 и антиапоптотического белка Bcl-2. В результате проведенного комплексного исследования достоверно показано, что у животных от начала заражения до хронической стадии гельминтозного процесса наблюдается постепенное и значительное повышение апоптотической активности лимфоцитов на рецепторном и клеточном уровнях. Это проявляется в повышении содержания количества лимфоцитов с морфологическими признаками апоптоза на фоне увеличения уровня проапоптотического белка caspase-3 и снижения уровня антиапоптотического белка Bcl-2

РОЛЬ ЦИТОКИНОВ В РАЗВИТИИ ИММУНИТЕТА ПРИ ГЕЛЬМИНТОЗАХ

Intensive development of the parasitic diseases immunology in the past decade allows making a definite conclusion about the features of the immune response formation in helminthiasis and its key problems, such as short duration, low-efficiency and the ability to cause the development of immunopathological processes.Objective of research: The aim of this review was to identify most significant stages of helminthiasis immunogenesis wich can cause its low protective ability, and for which further comprehensive study of modern molecular biologists, geneticists, biochemists, immunologists and parasitologists should be held to clarify the immunopathology induction mechanisms and improve methods of prophylaxis, diagnosis and treatment of these diseases.Results and discussion. Studies have revealed that the main condition for relationship building in the system “parasite-host” is the presence of protection mechanisms in helminths against exposure to the host’s immune system and immunomodulation mechanisms up to the complete immunosuppression in host.Products of helminths vital activity, so-called secretory-excretory products (SEPs), as well as changed in the process of pathogenesis host proteins and cells become a powerful immune stimulus and activate mechanisms for general and local immunity.The following defense mechanism in helminthiasis is the most effective: participation of IgE antibodies class and IgG2 subclass which play a major role in the activation of cell adhesive activity; influence of cytotoxic T cells (T killer cells, CD8+ -cells); involvement of macrophages, activated with T-cells; work of induced effector cells (eosinophils, neutrophils, mast cells, platelets, etc.), and the results of natural killer (NK) and regulating Treg- lymphocyte population (CD4 + CD25 + -cells) activity.It was shown that helminthiasis is accompanied by oxidative stress, which is characterized by decreased activity of catalase, superoxide dismutase, and an increase of lipid peroxidation products, which may cause primary DNA damage underlying in gene and chromosomal mutations that is shown in prior studies.Parasites metabolites have a cytotoxic effect on somatic, generative and immune cells of host, causing the increase of apoptotic cells among them.Theoretical significance of the data on identification problems of helminthiases immunology is undoubted. Its practical implementation offers the significant increase in the effectiveness of helminthiasis prevention and control.Межклеточные и межмолекулярные взаимодействия при формировании противопаразитарного иммунитета играют значительную роль. Такие взаимодействия осуществляются, как правило, с помощью гуморальных сигнальных молекул — цитокинов.Целью настоящей обзорной работы было определить роль цитокинов в индукции иммунопатологии при гельминтозах для последующего усовершенствования методов профилактики, диагностики и лечения этих заболеваний.Результаты и обсуждение. Как показывают исследования, наиболее важным функциональным свойством цитокинов является их участие в регуляции развития и поведения клеток-эффекторов иммунной системы, в поддержании гомеостаза, в управлении гиперчувствительностью и воспалительными процессами, а также в развитии иммунопатологического повреждения тканей и органов [2]. Как оказалось, из четырех основных молекул, выработка которых вызывает клеточную гибель, гельминты сами стимулируют продукцию в организме хозяина такого цитокина, как фактор некроза опухоли (TNF-альфа).Цитокины также могут привлекать клетки и создавать клеточные инфильтраты по типу поздней фазы аллергии немедленного типа с накоплением эозинофилов, тучных клеток, нейтрофилов. Цитокины направляют дифференцировку Т-клеток по Th2- пути, которые в свою очередь выделяют новую серию цитокинов и ферментов, что в итоге обеспечивает разрушение паразита.IL-4 наиболее сильно активирует дифференцировку Th2, усиливает накопление тучных клеток, эозинофилов, индуцирует переключение синтеза IgG1 на IgG4 и IgE , индуцирует выброс гистамина и еще целый ряд биологически активных молекул тучными клетками и, таким образом, играет важную роль в развитии реакций гиперчувствительности I типа. То есть, IL-4 опосредованно, через активацию Th2 -иммунного ответа, иногда способствует спонтанному изгнанию некоторых нематод из кишечника [9, 14, 12].Как оказалось, гельминты активируют выработку IL-10, который подавляет продукцию g-интерферона Т-хелперами 1 типа и обладает мощным противовоспалительным, иммуномодулирующим и иммунодепрессивным эффектом.Таким образом, необходимо расшифровать еще многие факторы и механизмы индукции или подавления иммунитета, запуска иммунопатологических процессов при гельминтозах, в которых участвуют цитокины. Их целенаправленное применение в профилактических мероприятиях и терапии гельминтозов позволит существенно повысить эффективность борьбы с последними и снизить риск развития патологических процессов