Breast-feeding and weaning practices in Venda, 1990

A stratified randOlll cluster survey, using a structured interview schedule, was performed to determine the prevalence, frequency and duration of breast-feeding alllong Venda mothers as well as the foods that Venda children commonly ate in their first 2 years of life. Nearly all children under 2 years old were being breast-fed and virtually all of these were fed on demand. Approximately 60% of infants under 3 months of age and virtually all others under 2 years old received supplementary foods daily. A further 30% ofinfants under the age of 3 months were given supplementary water daily. Forty per cent of infants under 3 months old and virtually all in the other age groups were given carbohydrates daily. Protein foods, vitamin mineral and high-energy sources were given less frequently. Only 12% in the 6 - 11-month age group and 21% in the 12 - 23-111onth age group received a balanced diet daily. A significant proportion of children in all age groups received only carbohydrates over and above breast-milk. Traditional xnixes were infrequently given. More research is needed to assess actual breast-milk production by mothers whose children are being fed supplelllentary foods. The effect of socio-economic status on weaning practices and that of weaning practices on nutritional status need to be investigated. Food supplelllentation and nutrition education progralllllles need to be intensified

New wave form surveillance and diagnostics for the LEP injection kickers

The introduction of the Bunch Train Scheme in LEP requires a more precise and automatic supervision of the stability of the LEP injection kickers in timing and amplitude. Comprehensive and user-friendly diagnostic tools are required for in-depth investigation of equipment behaviour. A new system is currently being prepared using to a large extent commercial data acquisition hardware and hardware independent software products

Collection and Analysis of Architectural Features in Streetscapes in South Texas

Background: The built environment of neighborhoods influences the health and well-being of residents. One approach to studying the impact of such a built environment on people\u27s health is through the study of the memorability of the architectural features (AFs) in streetscapes. In this direction, we raise the question: what AFs are more memorable? Understanding how AFs impact cognition will allow us to propose neighborhood designs that consider this finding to foster people\u27s health and well-being. However, AFs in streetscapes are not universal they need to be studied in specific historical, cultural, and geographical contexts. In order to analyze the memorability of the AFs in streetscapes in South Texas, we propose to create The Collection of Architectural Features (CAFs), which will hold annotated images of the architecture of South Texas”. Methods: The CAFs database is created with images that use a general schema of a set of AFs that is refined as images are added. These images are sourced from a combination of personal photography, and various reliable architectural image databases. This method is known as a design per prototype. CAFs holds annotated images of streetscapes in general and from the South of Texas. Each image will be selected by an expert, and classified by the architectural feature present in the image. Each image is subject to a detailed annotation process of the AFs present in the image, such as contrast colors, ornaments, vernacular material, rhythm, and others. In addition, each image will have a memorability score calculated through ResMem free software (Needell & Bainbridge, 2022). This annotated information serves as metadata for each image in the database, creating a comprehensive and searchable catalog of architectural elements. Frequency analyses, clustering, and principal component analysis (PCA) will be performed to classify and understand the understand the architectural features with higher memorability score. Results: The CAF database is progressively growing with a diverse collection of annotated images from South Texas. The detailed annotations, which include elements such as contrast color, ornaments, vernacular material, rhythm, patterns, details, memorability index, symmetry, and others, provide a basis for comprehensive analyses. Conclusions: We expect that the CAFs database will constitute a robust resource for studying the impact of Afs on cognition. The CAFs database will not only serve as a valuable tool for academic research but also to provide a solid foundation for policymakers, urban planners, and community leaders

The new control system of the SPS injection kicker

The SPS accelerator will be used as injector for the LHC and has to be adapted to the LHC requirements. The tight specification on beam blow-up and bunch spacing in the SPS has required an upgrade program of the SPS injection kicker in order to obtain a reduction of the magnetic field ripple to less than ± 0.5% and of the magnet current rise time to less than 145 ns. In this context, the slow control part has been entirely rebuilt on the basis of off-the-shelf industrial components. A hierarchical architecture based on a SIEMENS S7-400 master programmable logic controller interconnected through PROFIBUS-DP to S7-300 deported and decentralised I/Os has been implemented. Integration of in-house specific G-64 hardware systems inside this industrial environment has been done through a PROFIBUS-DP to G-64 intelligent interface based on an OEM fieldbus mezzanine board on one side and an FPGA implementing the required functionality on the other. Simultaneously, the fast timing system has been completely reshuffled in order to provide the required SPS multi-cycling functionality and a synchronisation of the 16 magnets to 5ns. This modular architecture has been successfully integrated inside the new SPS accelerator control infrastructure and will be duplicated in the future for the control of the different SPS extraction channels

Design of a Test for Research on Architectural Features of Streetscape

Background: The architectural experience may impact people’s behavior, health, and well-being, engaging several neural networks. Sensory-motor networks mediate motor responses such as approach and avoidance and spatial navigation in response to stimuli. Limbic networks process feelings and emotions. Memory-related networks support personal experiences, education, and culture. The interaction between architecture and brain sciences is known as neuroarchitecture which promises to offer biologically inspired insights into the design of spaces. We are interested in the study of neuroarchitecture applied to the streetscapes of neighborhoods in South Texas. The primary purpose of this study is to design a cognitive test to assess what architectural features are more memorable. Methods: The primary aim of the proposed test is to assess the content of memories of architectural features of the neighborhood streetscapes. One approach is through visual and mental imagery. Visual mental imagery is used to reactivate long-term memory and manipulate the visual representation of the stimulus in the absence of the corresponding visual stimulus, giving rise to the experience of “seeing with the mind’s eyes.” Visual mental images are produced by interrogating the long-term memory (reactivating neural representations) about how visual objects look and maintaining them with the aid of working memory to inspect and manipulate them. The proposed test is based on an interview with questions that evoke visual mental imagery of the street, drawings, and verbal descriptions of the street. We hypothesize that the architectural features that are more memorable would be reflected in the drawings and verbal descriptions of the street. To account for the diversity of visual imagery abilities, we will apply the Vividness of Visual Imagery Questionnaire (Marks, 1973). We will systematically compare the street image from Google Street View vs. the drawing and the verbal description from the same segment, and different scores systems will be explored to test reliability and accuracy. Results: It will be presented results in three conditions. We will first use the segments of the Canva Street View app to select the streets. In this condition, we will go to those street segments and apply the test (interview). In a second condition, we will choose an aleatory sample of people to interview and use the test in a lab environment. After the interview, we need to determine if the street where the participant lives is upgraded in the Google Street View app; if not, we need to go to that street to check the accuracy of the responses. As a third condition, we will choose an aleatory sample of streets to go there and do the interviews. We will also provide the scoring proposal with the analysis e interpretation of the results of each condition. Conclusions: We presented an experimental test to assess the more memorable architectural features. Such a test must be tested first in a pilot study to refine the test and the scoring proposal. After the pilot study, we propose conducting a field study to assess what South Texas architectural features are more memorable

The new control system of the SPS target sector

The SPS, the Super Proton Synchrotron at CERN, is an accelerator originally designed and commissioned in 1976 for protons. The control system of the SPS target stations, beam absorbers and other aperture limiting devices was developed in the seventies. It was mainly based on home made electronics and equipment dependent software. With time, this electronics has become obsolete, difficult to maintain in operation and not suitable for integration into a modern control system. In 1997, a project was set up to modernise the electronics and the related software. The new control system is largely based on standard industrial hardware and software components. SIEMENS Simatic S7-300 programmable logic controllers have been used as equipment controllers and connected through PROFIBUS to a Windows-NT front-end PC running the SIEMENS WinCC SCADA package which acts as local controller and remote access gateway. This fully industrial solution has been successfully integrated into the actual SPS accelerator control infrastructure and is open to other industrial communication protocols. The design, development and realisation of the selected solution have been outsourced to industry