Compilation of 59 sonic and density logs from 51 oil test wells

ABSTRACT Several relatively thick (>3 km deep) Cenozoic basins, including the Cupertino, Evergreen, Livermore, and San Pablo basins, may locally enhance strong ground motions in the San Francisco Bay area, California. As part of a crustal-scale, three-dimensional seismic velocity and density model for the Bay area, we have compiled data from sonic and density logs from oil test wells in the Bay area to better understand strong motion resonances generated by these basins. We have compiled the velocities and densities of sediments and rocks within these Cenozoic basins using 59 sonic and density logs from 51 oil test wells. The well data are primarily from the Livermore, Concord, and Los Medanos oil fields, and the Sacramento-San Joaquin delta, and provide measurements from the surface to as much as 5.3 km subsurface. Only a few logs from the South Bay are included in this compilation. The logs were hand digitized at non-uniform intervals between 3 and 30 m to capture the significant variations of the logs with depth for frequencies up to 2 Hz. Linear regression through 41 sonic logs yields Vp (km/s) = 2.24 + 0.599Z, where Z is depth in km. Shallow borehole data, generally from the South Bay, and from less than 30 m deep, indicate that the average surficial P-wave velocity at 10 holes in weathered Tertiary sedimentary units ranges from 2.21 and 2.32 km/s and is in close agreement with extrapolated P-wave velocities inferred from the oil test wells. A sonic log for Eocene sediments from Butano Ridge in San Mateo County shows that at a given depth, velocities are approximately 0.5 km/s higher than those near Livermore. The higher P-wave velocities for the Tertiary sedimentary rocks at Butano Ridge probably result from a combination of dense volcanic clasts in conglomerates plus very tight compaction of the sandstones. Density logs in Cenozoic sedimentary rocks show higher scatter. Linear regression of 18 density logs yield p (g/cm3) = 2.25 + 0.065Z. Average densities of weathered Tertiary sedimentary rocks measured on core samples from 5 shallow boreholes in the South Bay lie between 2.20 and 2.25 g/cm3 , in close agreement with the surficial density inferred from linear regression of oil well data. This report presents the locations, elevations, depths, stratigraphic and other information about the oil test wells, provides plots showing the density and sonic velocities as a function of depth for each well log, and compiles all data to better understand the velocities and densities of Cenozoic sedimentary rocks in the Bay area. CONTENT

Gammaherpesvirus Latency Accentuates EAE Pathogenesis: Relevance to Epstein-Barr Virus and Multiple Sclerosis

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) has been identified as a putative environmental trigger of multiple sclerosis (MS), yet EBV's role in MS remains elusive. We utilized murine gamma herpesvirus 68 (γHV-68), the murine homolog to EBV, to examine how infection by a virus like EBV could enhance CNS autoimmunity. Mice latently infected with γHV-68 developed more severe EAE including heightened paralysis and mortality. Similar to MS, γHV-68EAE mice developed lesions composed of CD4 and CD8 T cells, macrophages and loss of myelin in the brain and spinal cord. Further, T cells from the CNS of γHV-68 EAE mice were primarily Th1, producing heightened levels of IFN-γ and T-bet accompanied by IL-17 suppression, whereas a Th17 response was observed in uninfected EAE mice. Clearly, γHV-68 latency polarizes the adaptive immune response, directs a heightened CNS pathology following EAE induction reminiscent of human MS and portrays a novel mechanism by which EBV likely influences MS and other autoimmune diseases

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The rugosochonetid brachiopod species Lissochonetes geinitzianus from the Kazimovian of the Nordenskioldbreen Formation, and Dyoros (Dyoros) mucronata sp. nov., Dyoros (Dyoros) spitzbergianus and Lissochonetes superba from the Artinskian to latest Permian Kapp Starostin Formation in West Spitsbergen are described and figured. Dyoros is generally restricted to the Boreal Realm, whereas Lissochonetes is mostly distributed in the Boreal Realm, but occasionally present in the Palaeoequatorial and Gondwanan Realms<br /

A description of Whittlesey Beach sediments, Ann Arbor area, Michigan

Master of ScienceGeologyUniversity of Michiganhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/97662/1/39015003285361.pd

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This map shows debris flow hazard areas in the United States, including locations of known debris flows and predictions of where future flows might occur. It shows the locations of debris flows in two different ways, as points representing the locations of individual flows or small groups of flows, and as areas or polygons containing one or more debris flows. Different symbols are used to indicate uncertainty in location or the identification of the feature as a debris flow. The map comes in two sheets and is available as downloadable Postscript (.ps) or Portable Document Format (.pdf) files. It is accompanied by an explanatory pamphlet. Areas of susceptibility to future debris flows are shown in a georeferenced TIFF file that can be opened in an image editing program or imported into a GIS system like ARC/INFO. Other datasets are in ARC/INFO export format