Digital mapping of erosion degree of soils using the factor - property and factor - process - property models (the south of the Central Russian upland)

Soil degradation resulting from water erosion poses a serious threat to food and environmental security, therefore the research of soil erosion features and soil erosion mapping do not lose their relevance. The paper presents the results of large-scale digital mapping of the erosion degree of the arable soils in the Prokhorovsky district of the Belgorod region (85 thousand hectares), based on two approaches: (1) linking the factors of erosion-accumulative processes and the erosion degree of soil directly (factor -property model), and (2) due to imitation erosion model WaTEM/SEDEM (factor - process - property model). The inclusion of the process component into the digital soil mapping algorithm allows taking into account not only the spatial but also the temporal soil erosion features. It was revealed that the agricultural development of the Prokhorovsky district was primarily carried out on lands that are weakly prone to erosion, with the rate of erosion almost two times lower than on younger arable lands. As a result, the soil erosion maps, based on the factor - process - property model, with and without taking into account the duration of agricultural use, largely correspond to each other. Dominant soil categories (the map pixel corresponds to one soil taxa - noneroded and slightly eroded, medium, highly eroded), mapping by factor -property and factor - process - property models, have a high degree of correspondence to each other (prediction identity for 90% of pixels), while the soil combinations (the map pixel has information on the proportion of soils with different erosion degrees of soil) more significant (identity for less than 60% of pixels). The areas of zonal, erosion-zonal, and weakly eroded soil combinations differ 1.5-2 times, in the direction of a greater degree of soil erosion on the factor - process - property map

Accumulation of Organic Carbon in Chernozems (Mollisols) under Shelterbelts in Russia and the United States

Shelterbelts that were created in place of meadow and meadowsteppe landscapes of the forest steppe zone of northern continents serve as areas of carbon accumulation and participate in the formation of soil organic matter. In the Great Plains of the United States (in North Dakota, South Dakota, and Nebraska) and on the Central Russian Upland (Belgorod, Voronezh, and Kursk oblasts), a general tendency toward an increase in the Corg pool in the topsoil (0–30 cm) from the marginal parts of the shelterbelts toward their cen tral parts by about 3.5–10.0 t per each 10 m has been identified. In 55 years of the existence of shelterbelts on chernozems in the European part of Russia, the mean annual rate of the organic carbon accumulation in the upper meter has been varying within 0.7–1.5 t/ha. In 19 years of the existence of a shelterbelt in the area of Huron (South Dakota), the mean annual rate of the organic carbon accumulation in the 1mthick layer of the Bonilla soil series (Haplustolls) has reached 1.9 t/ha

Russian population health-related quality of life indicators calculated using the EQ-5D-3L questionnaire

Objectives. The paper aims was forming the first health-related quality of life population indicators using EQ-5D–3L survey that represents the Russian population by gender and age, as well as by the attained level of education. Material and methods. For compiling population indicators, we use the EQ-5D-3L questionnaire. The study was conducted on the adult Russian population aged 18 to 75 years. A representative sample was 12616 respondents. Results. 59.3 % of the sample is in good health (profile 11111). The proportion of respondents reporting any health problems increases with age. The average score on a 100-point visual analogue scale is 72.4 (standard deviation 18,1; 95 per cent confidence interval from 72,1 to 72,7). Men, on average, tend to assess their health higher than women. However there are no statistically significant differences in health scores among educational groups, taking into account gender and age data. Conclusions. Comparison of health-related quality of life estimations with normative population data allows us to track differences in health between population groups, as well as to analyze the health status and progress in treating patients. The Russian health-related quality indicators from EQ-5D-3L survey are similar to the Hungary population indices, as well as to many European countries, the USA, and Argentina for age cohorts under 45 years of age. For the cohorts of respondents older than 45 years, Russian estimations are much lower than in other countries. This evidence confirms that borrowing scales from other countries for converting EQ-5D-3L values into a preference EQ-5D-3L index is not acceptable for Russian patients, especially for the elderly

The kinetics of oxidation of oxyethylated isononylphenols under the action of hydrogen peroxide in the presence of inorganic salts

yesThe influence of some inorganic salts on the oxidative destruction of oxyethylated isononylphenols under the action of hydrogen peroxide in the presence of iron(III) ions was studie

The kinetics of oxidation of oxyethylated isononylphenols under the action of hydrogen peroxide in the presence of inorganic salts

The influence of some inorganic salts on the oxidative destruction of oxyethylated isononylphenols under the action of hydrogen peroxide in the presence of iron(III) ions was studiedye

Accumulation of Organic Carbon in Chernozems (Mollisols) under Shelterbelts in Russia and the United States

Shelterbelts that were created in place of meadow and meadowsteppe landscapes of the forest steppe zone of northern continents serve as areas of carbon accumulation and participate in the formation of soil organic matter. In the Great Plains of the United States (in North Dakota, South Dakota, and Nebraska) and on the Central Russian Upland (Belgorod, Voronezh, and Kursk oblasts), a general tendency toward an increase in the Corg pool in the topsoil (0–30 cm) from the marginal parts of the shelterbelts toward their cen tral parts by about 3.5–10.0 t per each 10 m has been identified. In 55 years of the existence of shelterbelts on chernozems in the European part of Russia, the mean annual rate of the organic carbon accumulation in the upper meter has been varying within 0.7–1.5 t/ha. In 19 years of the existence of a shelterbelt in the area of Huron (South Dakota), the mean annual rate of the organic carbon accumulation in the 1mthick layer of the Bonilla soil series (Haplustolls) has reached 1.9 t/ha.This article is published as Chendev, Yu G., T. J. Sauer, A. N. Gennadiev, L. L. Novykh, A. N. Petin, V. I. Petina, E. A. Zazdravnykh, and C. L. Burras. "Accumulation of organic carbon in chernozems (Mollisols) under shelterbelts in Russia and the United States." Eurasian soil science 48, no. 1 (2015): 43. doi: 10.1134/S1064229315010032.</p