Professional self-determination theory of senior pupils in Russian psychology

The article analyses the psychological literature on the problem of senior pupils’ professional self-determination. The author’s theoretical and methodological position is elaborated and the results of its approbation are presented. It is shown that the available approaches can be divided into two main groups. Some researchers focus on the goal and end result of vocational self-determination, while others seek to reveal the algorithm of the process itself and/or its stages. Researchers are unanimous in their opinion that the choice of an occupation by senior pupils is the first and most responsible stage of professional self-determination for the individual as a whole. At the same time, the senior pupils’ professional self-determination concepts, which would reflect the unity of theoretical positions and methods of its study, are practically not presented in national psychology. To overcome the existing limitations, the article proposes to consider the senior pupils’ professional self-determination from the position of the activity approach as a special kind of activity with its own structure. The motivational component is the motives for choosing a career, while the operational component is the senior pupils’ professional identity status. The empirical study results of the of formation level of senior pupils’ professional self-determination are discussed on the basis of the activity methodology

Neural network natural language processing tools for identifying personal priorities in the project performers selection in the field of smart agriculture

The identification of the analyzed individual’s personal priorities is proposed to be reduced to solving the classification problem based on the analysis of person’s text Internet traces using neural network technologies of natural language processing. As a training sample, it is proposed to use a set of text document vectors and the corresponding marks of personal priority classe

Tolerância inter-étnica e seu desenvolvimento entre estudantes pedagógicos de instituições de ensino superior

This paper is devoted to the development of inter-ethnic tolerance among pedagogical students of higher educational institutions. Based on the works by B. Barber, J. Berry, A.G. Asmolov, M.S. Mirimanov, V.A. Lektorskii, G.U. Soldatov and other researchers, the authors clarified the purpose and objectives of the development of interethnic tolerance of future teachers, as well as systematized its main criteria and indicators. The paper also presents the author’s set of pedagogical conditions ensuring the development of interethnic tolerance of students of pedagogical specialties in a higher educational institution. The set includes the following components: the use of active didactic forms and interactive teaching methods in the educational process that contribute to the formation of a tolerant view of students; the organization of interpersonal interaction of students of pedagogical specialties by involving them in research activities; updating the experience of tolerant interethnic communication of future teachers through the introduction of tolerance episodes into the educational process; forming in pedagogical students competence in the development of interethnic tolerance among schoolchildren in the educational process.Este documento está dedicado al desarrollo de la tolerancia interétnica entre los estudiantes pedagógicos de instituciones de educación superior. Basado en los trabajos de B. Barber, J. Berry, A.G. Asmolov, M.S. Mirimanov, V.A. Lektorskii, G.U. Soldatov y otros investigadores, los autores aclararon el propósito y los objetivos del desarrollo de la tolerancia interétnica de los futuros docentes, así como sistematizaron sus principales criterios e indicadores. El documento también presenta el conjunto de condiciones pedagógicas del autor que garantizan el desarrollo de la tolerancia interétnica de los estudiantes de especialidades pedagógicas en una institución de educación superior. El conjunto incluye los siguientes componentes: el uso de formas didácticas activas y métodos de enseñanza interactivos en el proceso educativo que contribuyen a la formación de una visión tolerante de los estudiantes; la organización de la interacción interpersonal de estudiantes de especialidades pedagógicas mediante su participación en actividades de investigación; actualizar la experiencia de comunicación interétnica tolerante de futuros maestros a través de la introducción de episodios de tolerancia en el proceso educativo; La formación en los estudiantes pedagógicos de la competencia en el desarrollo de la tolerancia interétnica entre los escolares en el proceso educativo.Este artigo é dedicado ao desenvolvimento da tolerância inter-étnica entre estudantes pedagógicos de instituições de ensino superior. Baseado nos trabalhos de B. Barber, J. Berry, A. G. Asmolov, M.S. Mirimanov, V.A. Lektorskii, G.U. Soldatov e outros pesquisadores, os autores esclareceram o objetivo e os objetivos do desenvolvimento da tolerância interétnica de futuros professores, bem como sistematizaram seus principais critérios e indicadores. O artigo também apresenta o conjunto de condições pedagógicas do autor, assegurando o desenvolvimento da tolerância interétnica de estudantes de especialidades pedagógicas em uma instituição de ensino superior. O conjunto inclui os seguintes componentes: o uso de formas didáticas ativas e métodos de ensino interativo no processo educacional que contribuem para a formação de uma visão tolerante dos alunos; a organização da interação interpessoal de estudantes de especialidades pedagógicas, envolvendoos em atividades de pesquisa; atualizar a experiência de comunicação interétnica tolerante de futuros professores, através da introdução de episódios de tolerância no processo educativo; formar em estudantes pedagógicos competência no desenvolvimento da tolerância interétnica em escolares do processo educacional

Influence of the adulthood image of adolescent on the characteristics of structural links of self-awareness

The article presents the results of studying the actual problem of developmental psychology: how selfawareness is formed in adolescence. Authors studied how the image of adolescent adulthood affects the characteristics of structural units of self-awareness. The study was conducted on the basis of a secondary school in Belgorod. It was attended by 115 teenagers aged 13 to 14 year

LYSOSOME-DEPENDENT CELL DEATH DEFINES SPECIFIC ENDOTHELIAL TOXICITY OF CALCIUM PHOSPHATE BIONS

Aim of the study was to identify the mechanism of specific endothelial toxicity related to calcium phosphate bions (CPB). Material and methods. CPB and magnesium phosphate bions (MPB) were artificially synthesised through supersaturation of culture medium with respective salts and then added to human endothelial cells (EA.hy 926) and murine endothelial cells (2H-11) to study: 1) spatiotemporal aspects of bion internalisation by means of transmission electron microscopy and confocal microscopy; 2) whether blocking of H+-ATPase by lysosomal inhibitor bafilomycin A1 affects endothelial toxicity of bions; 3) expression of caspase-3 and its substrate poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP-1). Results. CPB were internalized by endothelial cells as early as 1 h upon their addition and were localized in lysosomes; after 4 h, we detected release of calcium ions (Ca2+) from lysosomes to cytosol accompanied by multifold increase in cleaved caspase 3 and its substrate PARP-1. Bafilomycin A1 rescued endothelial cells from death induced by slightly soluble CPB regardless of exposure time and dose; however, freely soluble MPB did not evince endothelial toxicity regardless of bafilomycin A1 addition. Conclusion. Upon internalization by endothelial cells, CPB cause their death due to dissolution in lysosomes and subsequent release of calcium ions into the cytosol, ultimately leading to cleavage of executioner caspases. MPB lack endothelial toxicity because their dissolution does not lead to release of calcium ions. Therefore, specific endothelial toxicity of CPB is defined by lysosome-dependent cell death

IN SITU VASCULAR TISSUE REMODELING USING BIODEGRADABLE TUBULAR SCAFFOLDS WITH INCORPORATED GROWTH FACTORS AND CHEMOATTRACTANT MOLECULES

Background Currently, the search for the bioactive molecules capable of promoting formation of the vascular tissue is still ongoing. We have previously demonstrated that incorporation of the growth factors and chemoattractant molecules into the biodegradable tubular scaffolds can increase their primary patency upon the implantation into rat abdominal aorta. However, further studies are required to investigate tissue remodeling using functionalized vascular grafts with the same diameter as a replaced native vessel. Aim To investigate the specific aspects of de novo vascular tissue formation and calcification employing rat abdominal aorta interposition model and vascular grafts with 1.5 mm diameter with incorporated vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and stromal cell-derived factor (SDF)-1α. Methods Tubular grafts with a diameter of 1.5 mm were blended of poly(3-hydroxybutyrateco-3-hydroxyvalerate) and poly(ε-caprolactone) (PHBV/PCL). Grafts without growth factors were fabricated using standard electrospinning technique whilst grafts with incorporated growth factors were prepared utilizing emulsion electrospinning. VEGF was incorporated into the inner third, whereas bFGF and SDF-1α were incorporated into the outer two-thirds of the graft. Grafts were implanted into the abdominal aortas of Wistar rats for 1, 3, 6, and 12 months following scanning electron microscopy along with histological and immunofluorescent examination. Results Primary patency of the grafts with VEGF, bFGF, and SDF-1α reached 93% indicative of structural integrity of the vascular tissue. Neither signs of inflammation nor severe calcification was detected. Conclusion As in 2 mm diameter vascular grafts, incorporation of bioactive factors into 1.5 mm diameter grafts increased their long-term primary patency and improved vascular tissue formation in comparison with non-modified grafts.  Background Currently, the search for the bioactive molecules capable of promoting formation of the vascular tissue is still ongoing. We have previously demonstrated that incorporation of the growth factors and chemoattractant molecules into the biodegradable tubular scaffolds can increase their primary patency upon the implantation into rat abdominal aorta. However, further studies are required to investigate tissue remodeling using functionalized vascular grafts with the same diameter as a replaced native vessel. Aim To investigate the specific aspects of de novo vascular tissue formation and calcification employing rat abdominal aorta interposition model and vascular grafts with 1.5 mm diameter with incorporated vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and stromal cell-derived factor (SDF)-1α. Methods Tubular grafts with a diameter of 1.5 mm were blended of poly(3-hydroxybutyrateco-3-hydroxyvalerate) and poly(ε-caprolactone) (PHBV/PCL). Grafts without growth factors were fabricated using standard electrospinning technique whilst grafts with incorporated growth factors were prepared utilizing emulsion electrospinning. VEGF was incorporated into the inner third, whereas bFGF and SDF-1α were incorporated into the outer two-thirds of the graft. Grafts were implanted into the abdominal aortas of Wistar rats for 1, 3, 6, and 12 months following scanning electron microscopy along with histological and immunofluorescent examination. Results Primary patency of the grafts with VEGF, bFGF, and SDF-1α reached 93% indicative of structural integrity of the vascular tissue. Neither signs of inflammation nor severe calcification was detected. Conclusion As in 2 mm diameter vascular grafts, incorporation of bioactive factors into 1.5 mm diameter grafts increased their long-term primary patency and improved vascular tissue formation in comparison with non-modified grafts

IMPACT OF BONE MARROW-DERIVED MULTIPOTENT MESENCHYMAL STROMAL CELLS ON SPEED OF POLYCAPROLACTONE AND POLYHYDROXYALKANOATE SCAFFOLDS BIODEGRADATION

The impact of bone marrow-derived multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells of a bone brain (MSCs BB) on the speed of polycaprolactone and polyhydroxyalkanoate scaffolds biodegradation was studied. The presence of cells on the scaffolds surface was found to catalyze their resorption. 2 months after MSCs-covered scaffolds had. been subcutaneously implanted in rats they degraded completely while scaffolds, which had no MSCs cover, had partially resorbed by that time. The obtained results make necessary further studying of MSCs impact mechanisms on biopolymers resorption speed

Steam reforming on transition-metal carbides from density-functional theory

A screening study of the steam reforming reaction (CH_4 + H_2O -> CO + 3H_2) on early transition-metal carbides (TMC's) is performed by means of density-functional theory calculations. The set of considered surfaces includes the alpha-Mo_2C(100) surfaces, the low-index (111) and (100) surfaces of TiC, VC, and delta-MoC, and the oxygenated alpha-Mo_2C(100) and TMC(111) surfaces. It is found that carbides provide a wide spectrum of reactivities towards the steam reforming reaction, from too reactive via suitable to too inert. The reactivity is discussed in terms of the electronic structure of the clean surfaces. Two surfaces, the delta-MoC(100) and the oxygen passivated alpha-Mo_2C(100) surfaces, are identified as promising steam reforming catalysts. These findings suggest that carbides provide a playground for reactivity tuning, comparable to the one for pure metals.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figure

Создание персонифицированного клеточнозаселенного сосудистого протеза in vitro

Aim. To create a personalized cell-populated small-diameter vascular prosthesis in a pulsating bioreactor.Methods. Tubular grafts were made by electrospinning from mixtures of biodegradable polymers, poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) and poly(εcaprolactone) (PCL). The inner surface is modified with fibrin. Tubular scaffolds were colonized with cultured colony-forming endothelial cells and grown under static conditions for 2 days. Then, the cell-populated prostheses continued to be cultivated for 5 days in a pulsating bioreactor system with a final shear stress of 2.85 dynes/cm².Results. The advantages of the cultivation of cell-populated vascular prostheses in a pulsating bioreactor have been revealed. The selected mode of cultivation of cellpopulated vascular prostheses under conditions of a pulsating flow with a shear stress of 2.85 dynes/cm² did not have a damaging effect on the integrity of the endothelial monolayer. Moving unidirectional mechanical stimuli of chaotic orientation fibers of F-actin changed to a predominant orientation in the direction of flow, and also increased the expression of F-actin, Talin focal adhesion protein, and specific endothelial markers CD309, CD31, vWF.Conclusion. The creation of a personalized cell-populated small-diameter vascular prosthesis with a functional endothelial monolayer is possible due to the use of autologous endothelial cells, autologous fibrin, and cultivation under conditions of a pulsating flow.Цель. Создание персонифицированного клеточнозаселенного сосудистого протеза малого диаметра в условиях пульсирующего биореактора.Материалы и методы. Методом электроспиннинга изготовлены трубчатые каркасы из смеси биодеградируемых полимеров поли(3-гидроксибутирата-ко-3-гидроксивалерата) (PHBV) и поли(ε-капролактона) (PCL). Внутренняя поверхность модифицирована фибрином. Трубчатые каркасы заселяли культурой колониеформирующих эндотелиальных клеток и культивировали в статических условиях в течение двух суток. Клеточнозаселенные протезы продолжили культивировать в течение пяти суток в системе пульсирующего биореактора с итоговым напряжением сдвига 2,85 дин/см2 .Результаты. Выявлены преимущества культивирования клеточнозаселенных сосудистых протезов в условиях пульсирующего биореактора. Выбранный режим культивирования клеточнозаселенных сосудистых протезов в условиях пульсирующего потока с напряжением сдвига 2,85 дин/см2 не оказывал повреждающего воздействия на целостность эндотелиальной выстилки. Под влиянием однонаправленных механических стимулов волокна F-актина приобрели преимущественную ориентацию в направлении потока, а также увеличилась экспрессия F-актина, белка фокальной адгезии Talin, специфических эндотелиальных маркеров – CD309, CD31, vWF.Заключение. Создание персонифицированного клеточнозаселенного сосудистого протеза малого диаметра с функциональным эндотелиальным монослоем возможно благодаря использованию аутологичных эндотелиальных клеток, аутологичного фибрина и культивированию в условиях пульсирующего потока.

Влияние напряжения сдвига на свойства колониеформирующих эндотелиальных клеток в сравнении с эндотелиальными клетками коронарных артерий

Highlights. It is assumed that pre-colonization by endothelial cells of the inner surface of tissue-engineered vessels of small diameter can serve as an effective way to prevent thrombosis. The question of choosing the optimal source of endothelial cells for use in tissue engineering remains debatable. The paper considers the features of the culture of colony-forming endothelial cells obtained from the peripheral blood of patients with coronary heart disease, in comparison with mature endothelial cells from the coronary artery.Aim. To study the effect of laminar flow on the morphological and functional characteristics of mature endothelial cells and peripheral blood-derived endothelial colony-forming cells.Methods. Coronary artery endothelial cells were purchased from the Cell Applications, Inc. Colony-forming endothelial cells were obtained from the peripheral blood of patients with coronary artery disease who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention. The cells were isolated using a Ficoll gradient and cultured in EGM-2MV culture medium containing 5% fetal bovine serum. The cells of the experimental group were cultured in µ-Luer plates in a perfusion system with a shear stress of 3 dyn/cm2 . The cultivation time was 2 days. The cells of the control group were cultured under static conditions. At the end of the cultivation we performed immunofluorescent staining for CD31, KDR/CD309, CD144, vWF, type IV collagen, F-actin.Results. Colony-forming endothelial cells and coronary artery endothelial cells retained high density and viability both under static and laminar flow conditions. Shear stress stimulated a change in the phenotype of colony-forming endothelial cells towards a mature endothelial cells, in particular, a significant increased the expression of KDR/CD309 and CD31. The action of laminar flow reduced the synthesis of von Willebrand factor, stimulated the synthesis of type IV collagen. Shear stress promoted the development of structural rearrangements in cells in response to transduction, which manifested in a change in F-actin fibrils orientation on the flow direction.Conclusion. Colony-forming endothelial cells showed a characteristic response to the action of shear stress, consisting in a change in morphology, phenotype, and secretory activity of cells, comparable to that of coronary artery endothelial cells.Основные положения. Предварительное заселение эндотелиальными клетками внутренней поверхности тканеинженерных сосудов малого диаметра, как предполагается, может служить эффективным способом профилактики тромбозов. Остается дискуссионным вопрос о выборе оптимального источника эндотелиальных клеток для использования в тканевой инженерии. В работе рассмотрены особенности культуры колониеформирующих эндотелиальных клеток, полученных из периферической крови пациентов с ишемической болезнью сердца, в сравнении со зрелыми эндотелиальными клетками из коронарной артерии. Цель. Изучение влияния ламинарного потока на морфологические и функциональные особенности зрелых эндотелиальных клеток и колониеформирующих эндотелиальных клеток, полученных из периферической крови.Материалы и методы. Первичные эндотелиальные клетки коронарной артерии приобретены у Cell Applications (США). Колониеформирующие эндотелиальные клетки получали из периферической крови пациентов с ишемической болезнью сердца, перенесших чрескожное коронарное вмешательство. Клетки выделяли с использованием градиента фиколла, культивировали в культуральной среде EGM-2MV, содержащей 5% фетальной бычьей сыворотки. Клетки, составившие экспериментальную группу, культивировали в планшетах µ-Luer в перфузионной системе, создававшей напряжение сдвига в 3 дин/см2 . Время культивирования – 2 суток. Клетки контрольной группы культивировали в статических условиях. По окончании культивирования проводили иммунофлуоресцентное окрашивание на маркеры CD31, KDR/CD309, CD144, фактор фон Виллебранда, коллаген IV типа, F-актин.Результаты. И в статике, и в условиях ламинарного потока колониеформирующие эндотелиальные клетки и эндотелиальные клетки коронарных артерий сохраняли высокую плотность и жизнеспособность. Напряжение сдвига стимулировало изменение фенотипа колониеформирующих эндотелиальных клеток в направлении зрелых эндотелиальных клеток, в частности значимое увеличение экспрессии KDR/CD309 и CD31. Действие ламинарного потока снижало синтез фактора фон Виллебранда, стимулировало синтез коллагена IV типа. Напряжение сдвига способствовало развитию структурных перестроек клеток в ответ на трансдукцию, выразившуюся в изменении ориентации фибрилл F-актина в соответствии с направлением потока.Заключение. Колониеформирующие эндотелиальные клетки демонстрировали характерный ответ на действие напряжения сдвига, заключавшийся в изменении морфологии, фенотипа и секреторной активности клеток, сравнимый с таковым у эндотелиальных клеток коронарных артерий