EAS muon distributions and primary mass composition from the GAMMA installation

Abstract The phenomenological characteristics of the muon component of extensive air showers with energies 10 6 −10 7 GeV are obtained with the GAMMA installation at Mt. Aragats in Armenia, (3200m a.s.l., 700 g.cm −2 ). The experimental results are compared with the simulation carried out using the CORSIKA code. A new selection parameter is analysed for an unbiased determination of the primary mass composition

Substrate rocks of Fe-Mn crusts on the IOAN and Dalmorgeologiya Guyots

Substratum of cobalt-manganese crusts penetrated by numerous deep-sea drill holes on the IOAN and Dalmorgeologiya Guyots of Magellan Seamounts in the Pacific Ocean has been studied. Rocks have been characterized, and ferromanganese manifestations developed in the substratum in different forms have been studied in detail. They are considered to be products of deposition of water fluids arising in the volcanic pedestal and unloading on the guyot's periphery when penetrating into top parts of rocks to different degree phosphatized mainly by replacement. It is demonstrated by numerous substratum relicts and remains of organisms in them