Experimental observation of parametric X-ray radiation directed along the propagation velocity of relativistic electrons in a tungsten crystal

Parametric X-ray radiation (PXR) due to dynamic diffraction of relativistic electrons is experimentally observed at small angles to the propagation velocity of electrons in a tungsten crystal. The specific features of the experimental method are described, and forward PXR reflections from two crystallographic planes of tungsten are reliably measuredyesBelgorod State Universit

Diffraction of real and virtual photons in a pyrolytic graphite crystal as source of intensive quasimonochromatic X-ray beam

A series of experiments on the parametric X-rays radiation (PXR) generation and radiation soft component diffraction of relativistic electrons in pyrolytic graphite (PG) crystals have been carried out at the Tomsk synchrotronyesBelgorod State Universit

The Main Modern Trends in the Economy and Society in the Development of Tourism

Research aimed to reveal the character of the links between main modern trends in the economy and society and the development of tourism as one of the sectors of the Russian economy, on the one hand, and the type of human activity, on the othe

POSTURAL DISORDERS PROGNOSIS AMONG ELDERLY PEOPLE

Aim - finding out the features of postural disorders among elderly people. Materials and methods. 47 patients above the age of 90 were analyzed. There were no disorders in particular functional systems to be noticed in these patients’ neurological status, although the patients complained of problems with balance function. All the patients were neurologically examined; the anamnesis data and computer stabilometry were investigated. Control group included patients of different age groups without any balance dysfunction according to computer stabilometry data. We used logistic regression to elicit connection between clinical and instrumental factors. Only significant regressors were taken into consideration. Results. The difference between the group of long-livers and the other age groups is about the modification of universal statokinesigram indicators. The suggested mathematical model included the area of statokinesigram, the speed of changing of the pressure center, Romberg’s coefficient and spectral statokinesigram parameters. Swift of the statokinesigram frequency range towards the low frequency characterizes tension or “failure” of compensatory mechanisms providing postural functions in this age group. Sensibility of this model is 95.5%, specificity is 69.5%. Conclusion. Long-living patients can be characterized as a group with a high risk of postural disorders and falls. Obtained mathematical model can be used in the daily clinical practice to verify the risk of falls among long-livers who complain of balance dysfunction

MODERN EPIDEMIOLOGY OF VECTOR-BORNE TICK-BORNE INFECTIONS IN NORTHERN DISTRICTS OF THE IRKUTSK REGION

Проведен вирусолого-микробиологический мониторинг семи северных районов Иркутской области. Полученные в ходе исследования данные свидетельствуют об изменении эпидемиологической ситуации в отношении клещевых инфекций на территории данных районов. Отмечается продвижение природных очагов на север. На территории северных районов выявлены сочетанные очаги, клещевых инфекций, в том числе обнаружена циркуляция новых для Восточной Сибири патогенов - E. muris, A. phagocytophilum, B. miyamotoi

Manifestation of Huntington's disease pathology in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons

© 2016 Nekrasov et al.Background: Huntington's disease (HD) is an incurable hereditary neurodegenerative disorder, which manifests itself as a loss of GABAergic medium spiny (GABA MS) neurons in the striatum and caused by an expansion of the CAG repeat in exon 1 of the huntingtin gene. There is no cure for HD, existing pharmaceutical can only relieve its symptoms. Results: Here, induced pluripotent stem cells were established from patients with low CAG repeat expansion in the huntingtin gene, and were then efficiently differentiated into GABA MS-like neurons (GMSLNs) under defined culture conditions. The generated HD GMSLNs recapitulated disease pathology in vitro, as evidenced by mutant huntingtin protein aggregation, increased number of lysosomes/autophagosomes, nuclear indentations, and enhanced neuronal death during cell aging. Moreover, store-operated channel (SOC) currents were detected in the differentiated neurons, and enhanced calcium entry was reproducibly demonstrated in all HD GMSLNs genotypes. Additionally, the quinazoline derivative, EVP4593, reduced the number of lysosomes/autophagosomes and SOC currents in HD GMSLNs and exerted neuroprotective effects during cell aging. Conclusions: Our data is the first to demonstrate the direct link of nuclear morphology and SOC calcium deregulation to mutant huntingtin protein expression in iPSCs-derived neurons with disease-mimetic hallmarks, providing a valuable tool for identification of candidate anti-HD drugs. Our experiments demonstrated that EVP4593 may be a promising anti-HD drug

Рентгенологическая плотность структуры молочной железы как фактор риска развития протоковой карциномы in situ

Objectives. to reveal a potential relationship between the breast density, various radiographic patterns of the breast structure, and the risk of developing ductal adenocarcinoma in situ.Methods. In this study, 169 patients were divided into 2 groups according to the modern X-ray classification L. Tabar. All patients underwent a core biopsy with subsequent histological examination. The first group consisted of 57 women (33.7%) with tumors arising in the terminal ductal-lobular unit – acinar adenocarcinoma (AAB) unifocal and multifocal forms, and the second group – 112 women (66.3%) with types of ductal adenocarcinoma in situ (in situ DAB) and ductal adenocarcinoma in situ associated with the acinar form of breast cancer (DAB + AAB). Pathologic findings on mammography were assessed using the modern classification of L. Tabar. Evaluation of the breast density was made using ACR 2013 classification. The Pattern of radiologic breast structure was evaluated according to the classification of L. Tabar.Results. According to our results, statistically significant differences of the compared groups on the breast density were established (p < 0.001). In the first group, patients with a density of ACR 1 prevailed, the proportion of which was 52.6%. In the second group, the incidence of ACR 4 was highest, with a share of 32.1% among all patients. Thus, it was concluded that there is an association of the breast density ACR 3 and ACR 4 and risk of development of DAB.Conclusions. The high breast density, as well as the IV and V type of the breast structure according to L. Tabar's classification, are statistically associated with an increased risk of developing ductal carcinoma in situ (DAB). Our study also showed a statistically significant difference in the age of onset of ductal and acinar adenocarcinoma of the breast – 52 and 64, respectively.Цель исследования: выявить потенциальную связь рентгенологической плотности структуры молочной железы, различных рентгенологических подтипов строения молочной железы и риском развития протоковой карциномы in situ.Материал и методы. В настоящем исследовании приняли участие 169 пациенток, разделенных на 2 группы в соответствии с современной рентгенологической классификацией L. Tabar. Всем пациенткам была выполнена трепан-биопсия с последующим гистологическим исследованием. 1-ю группу составили 57 (33,7%) женщин с опухолями, возникающими в терминальном секреторном отделе железы, – ацинарной аденокарциномой (AAB), унифокальной и мультифокальной формами, а 2-ю – 112 (66,3%) женщин с такими типами рака, как истинная протоковая аденокарцинома in situ (in situ DAB) и истинная протоковая аденокарцинома in situ, ассоциированная с ацинарной формой рака молочной железы (in situ DAB + AAB). Качество рентгенологического изображения оценивалось по классификации PGMI. Исследование было выполнено на цифровой маммографической системе производства General Electric. Оценка рентгенологической плотности структуры молочной железы выполнялась по классификации ACR 2013 г. Тип рентгенологического строения железы оценивался по классификации L. Tabar.Результаты. В соответствии с результатами про веденного анализа были установлены статистически значимые различия сравниваемых групп по рентгенологической плотности структуры молочной железы (p < 0,001). В 1-й группе преобладали пациентки с плотностью ACR 1, доля которых составляла 52,6%. Во 2-й группе с наибольшей частотой отмечались случаи рент генологической плотности структуры ACR 4, доля которых среди всех исследуемых составляла 32,1%. Таким образом, был сделан вывод о более высокой рентгенологической плотности структуры молочной железы в группе пациенток с протоковой карциномой in situ (DAB).Заключение. Высокая рентгенологическая плотность структуры, а также IV и V типы строения молочной железы по классификации L. Tabar статистически связаны с повышенным риском развития протоковой карциномы in situ. Исследование показало статистически значимую разницу в возрасте возникновения протокового и ацинарного рака молочной железы (средний возраст пациенток составил 52 и 64 года соответственно)

Using of Cytogenetic Method in Radiation Researches

Analysis of chromosome aberrations in lymphocytes of peripheral blood has been long successfully used in radiation researches for biological indication and quantitative estimation of radiation influence on a human organism. Biological doses calculated on the basis of cytogenetic research data take into account individual radiosensitivity of the organism and its state at the moment of radiation, and this, in its turn, allows to forecast early and more distant consequences of radiation more precisely. Frequency of chromosome aberrations in lymphocytes of peripheral blood is also one of the most frequently used indices in studying the process of mutagenesis in somatic cells. There are data on the possible connection between the increased level of chromosome aberrations in lymphocytes of peripheral blood and the risk of development of oncological diseases. Thats why the frequency of chromosome aberrations in lymphocytes of peripheral blood may be regarded as an integral biological marker of the risk of development of pathological states, first of all, oncological diseases. On the one hand this marker reflects in the influence of genotoxic factor on a human organism, and, on the other hand, individual diathesis to cancer genesis. Thats why it is considered extremely important to carry out cytogenetic examination of people exposed to radiation as a result of extraordinary and emergency situations. Results of the researches allow to estimate the influence of radiation on the genome of a human being, as well as forecast the risk of development of unfavorable consequences of radiation. Results of long-term cytogenetic monitoring of the Chernobyl clean-up workers (liquidators) and the results of cytogenetic examination of the cosmonauts who took part in long flight at Mir and ICS stations will be presented in the report. Summing up the data received one should note the following: - During the whole period of research (for more than 20 years) the average frequency of chromosome aberrations in lymphocytes of peripheral blood of the liquidators was significantly higher than the control level. The frequency of dicentrics and centric rings markers of radiation was higher than the analogous indices in the control group 3,5 7 times depending on the period of work and staying in the zone of Chernobyl accident. - Long space flights lead to increasing chromosome aberrations in lymphocytes of cosmonaut's peripheral blood and the frequency of dicentrics and centric rings depends on the duration of a space flight and the amount of the accumulated dose of radiation

Experimental observation of parametric X-ray radiation directed along the propagation velocity of relativistic electrons in a tungsten crystal

yesParametric X-ray radiation (PXR) due to dynamic diffraction of relativistic electrons is experimentally observed at small angles to the propagation velocity of electrons in a tungsten crystal. The specific features of the experimental method are described, and forward PXR reflections from two crystallographic planes of tungsten are reliably measuredBelgorod State Universit