18,786 research outputs found
Temperature Dependent Polarity Reversal in Au/Nb:SrTiO3 Schottky Junctions
We have observed temperature-dependent reversal of the rectifying polarity in
Au/Nb:SrTiO3 Schottky junctions. By simulating current-voltage characteristics
we have found that the permittivity of SrTiO3 near the interface exhibits
temperature dependence opposite to that observed in the bulk, significantly
reducing the barrier width. At low temperature, tunneling current dominates the
junction transport due both to such barrier narrowing and to suppressed thermal
excitations. The present results demonstrate that novel junction properties can
be induced by the interface permittivity
Unified Analysis of Cosmological Perturbations in Generalized Gravity
In a class of generalized Einstein's gravity theories we derive the equations
and general asymptotic solutions describing the evolution of the perturbed
universe in unified forms. Our gravity theory considers general couplings
between the scalar field and the scalar curvature in the Lagrangian, thus
includes broad classes of generalized gravity theories resulting from recent
attempts for the unification. We analyze both the scalar-type mode and the
gravitational wave in analogous ways. For both modes the large scale evolutions
are characterized by the same conserved quantities which are valid in the
Einstein's gravity. This unified and simple treatment is possible due to our
proper choice of the gauges, or equivalently gauge invariant combinations.Comment: 4 pages, revtex, no figure
Head Tilt Posturography to Enhance Balance Control Assessment for Astronauts: A Case Study
For many years, we have used a standard clinical computerized dynamic posturography (CDP) protocol to assess recovery of integrated sensory-motor function in astronauts returning from space flight. The most reliable indications of postflight crew performance capabilities have been obtained from the sensory organization tests (SOTs) within the CDP protocol, particularly SOTs 5 (eyes closed, surface support sway referenced) and 6 (eyes open, surface support and visual surround sway referenced), which are sensitive to changes in availability and/or utilization of vestibular cues. We have observed, however, that some astronauts exhibiting visible signs of incomplete sensory-motor recovery are able to score within clinical norms on standard SOTs 5 and 6 trials, perhaps as a result of cognitive strategies driven by their naturally competitive natures. To improve the sensitivity of the CDP protocol for assessing recovery of integrated sensory-motor function and fitness to return to duties and/or activities of daily living, we have introduced pitch plane head tilt SOT trials to our protocol. In a preliminary study of 5 short duration (~11day missions) astronauts, we showed that they were unable to maintain balance on landing day when performing dynamic head tilt trials, despite scoring within the clinically normal range on the standard SOT trials. The present case report illustrates the advantages of including head tilt trials for assessing sensory-motor recovery in long duration crewmembers
Parity violation in deuteron photo-disintegration
We analyze the energy dependence for two types of parity-non-conserving
(PNC) asymmetries in the reaction in the near-threshold
region. The first one is the asymmetry in reaction with circularly polarized
photon beam and unpolarized deuteron target. The second one corresponds to
those with an unpolarized photon beam and polarized target. We find that the
two asymmetries have quite different energy dependence, and their shapes are
sensitive to the PNC-meson exchange coupling constants.
The predictions for the future possible experiments to provide definite
constraints for the PNC-coupling constants are discussed.Comment: 22 pages, 12 figures. Submitted to Phys.Rev.C 10Oct.0
Anisotropic strains and magnetoresistance of La_{0.7}Ca_{0.3}MnO_{3}
Thin films of perovskite manganite La_{0.7}Ca_{0.3}MnO_{3} were grown
epitaxially on SrTiO_3(100), MgO(100) and LaAlO_3(100) substrates by the pulsed
laser deposition method. Microscopic structures of these thin film samples as
well as a bulk sample were fully determined by x-ray diffraction measurements.
The unit cells of the three films have different shapes, i.e., contracted
tetragonal, cubic, and elongated tetragonal for SrTiO_3, MgO, and LaAlO_3
cases, respectively, while the unit cell of the bulk is cubic. It is found that
the samples with cubic unit cell show smaller peak magnetoresistance than the
noncubic ones do. The present result demonstrates that the magnetoresistance of
La_{0.7}Ca_{0.3}MnO_{3} can be controlled by lattice distortion via externally
imposed strains.Comment: Revtex, 10 pages, 2 figure
Measurement of Scattering Rate and Minimum Conductivity in Graphene
The conductivity of graphene samples with various levels of disorder is
investigated for a set of specimens with mobility in the range of
cm/V sec. Comparing the experimental data with the
theoretical transport calculations based on charged impurity scattering, we
estimate that the impurity concentration in the samples varies from cm. In the low carrier density limit, the conductivity exhibits
values in the range of , which can be related to the residual
density induced by the inhomogeneous charge distribution in the samples. The
shape of the conductivity curves indicates that high mobility samples contain
some short range disorder whereas low mobility samples are dominated by long
range scatterers.Comment: 4 pages 4 figure
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