Penulisan Sastra Anak

Any effort to develop human beings with a sensitive, self­dependent, and responsible character could start from the time theyare still atan early age and even from the time they are still in theirmother\u27s womb. After a childis born, such an effort can be doneboth in the home environment and outside it, including the timewhen the child gains education at school and outside it because therethe child getsmodels. At school it can be done by making the childlistento a story read\u27 or retold by the teacher. Therefore, the teacherhad better have a motivation andan ability to write a story forchildren. Because the story, as a part of children\u27s literature, ispresented to children, its elements should be chosen from objectsfound around children and events usually experiencedby children.The language used shouldbe in accordance with the child\u27s age andpsychological development. The writing technique should involvethe story-building elements, or the story\u27s mental structures, whichinclude its(I) plot, (2) characterization, (3) story-telling style, (4)setting, and(5) theme. Besides that, attention should also be paid tophysical elements in the sense that (I) the text in the storybookshouldbe accompanied with attractive pictures; (2) the form and sizeof the letters should make them easily perceived by children who arestill learning to read, and (3) the paper should be sufficiently thickandofgood quality

Physicochemical and microbiological characteristics of fruit-based kombucha

Kombucha is a fermented drink made out of tea leaves, although recently other alternatives were considered as substitutes, such as fruits. Using different types of fruit could affect the characteristics of fruit-based kombucha. This study investigated the physicochemical and microbiological characteristics of fruit-based kombucha through a Randomized Block Design with the type of fruit (red dragon fruit, apple, snake fruit, strawberries, grapes, pear, red guava, and citrus) as the factor. The produced kombucha drinks were analyzed and compared for pH, total sugar, total phenolic compounds, total flavonoids, antioxidant activity, and total microbes. Statistical tests such as Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Least Significance Different (LSD) were employed (α = 5%). Results revealed that physicochemical and microbiological characteristics of kombucha were significantly related to the type of fruit with snake fruit kombucha showing the optimal results of each characteristics as follows: total acetic acid bacteria and yeasts of 1.53×109 CFU/mL, pH of 3.07, total sugar of 2.41%, total phenol of 1006.85 μg/mL GAE, total flavonoids of 1.75 mg QE/mL, and IC50 of DPPH scavenging activity of 5.46 μg/mL. Fermented fruit-based kombuchas are regarded as healthy substitutes to traditional kombucha as they offer rich source of nutrients that enhance human well-being

Pengembangan Modul Pembelajaran Budidaya Tanaman Kedelai dengan Pendekatan Kontekstual untuk Siswa Smk Pertanian

The purpose of this research is to test the feasibility of learning module of soybean cultivation with contextual approach for students of Vocational High School (SMK) of agriculture in Batu city based on the result of research of nitrogen dosage effect on the stability of CpMMV resistant soybean genotype. The learning module development model used is the ADDIE model consisting of five stages: Analyze, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation developed by Branch. The assessment of the feasibility of the module is assessed by three expert validators namely material experts, resource experts, and practitioners who have been competent in the case. The results show that the percentage of 93% means that the module developed is very valid and feasible for use in learning.Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menguji kelayakan modul pembelajaran budidaya tanaman kedelai dengan pendekatan kontekstual untuk siswa Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan (SMK) pertanian di Kota Batu berdasarkan hasil penelitian pengaruh dosis nitrogen terhadap perawakan genotipe kedelai tahan CpMMV. Model pengembangan modul pembelajaran yang digunakan adalah model ADDIE yang terdiri atas lima tahapan, yaitu Analyze, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation yang dikembangkan oleh Branch. Penilaian kelayakan modul dinilai oleh tiga orang validator ahli, yaitu ahli materi, ahli bahan ajar, dan praktisi yang sudah kompeten dibidangnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persentasenya 93% yang berarti modul yang dikembangkan sangat valid dan layak untuk digunakan dalam pembelajaran

Peran Komite Sekolah dalam Peningkatan Mutu Pembelajaran di Sekolah Dasar

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi sejauh mana keterlaksanaan peran komite sekolah ditinjau dari peningkatan mutu pembelajaran di Sekolah Dasar se-Kabupaten Bantul. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian evaluative dengan pendekatan evaluasi model Stake (Stake's Countenance Model). Hasil observasi terhadap proses keterlaksaan peran Komite Sekolah yang terjadi di lapangan dibandingkan dengan standar yang seharusnya sebagai kriteria untuk menentukan keberhasilan. Subjek penelitian adalah komite sekolah, kepala sekolah, dan guru SD di Kabupaten Bantul. Pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik angket, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Tahap antecedent (input dan perencanaan) pemahaman responden terhadap rancangan program implementasi peran Komite Sekolah belum sepenuhnya sesuai standar dan berkategori cukup dengan persentase 36%. (2) Tahap transaction terhadap implementasi program komite sekolah telah terlaksana dengan kategori baik dengan persentase 58%. (3) Tahap outcomes yaitu evaluasi terhadap implementasi peran Komite Sekolah terhadap tahap antecedent dan transaction masuk kategori cukup dengan persentase 47%. Implementasi peran program komite sekolah di SD Kabupaten Bantul belum memenuhi standar 100%. Oleh karena itu, hasil temuan dari penelitian ini diharapkan bisa dijadikan bahan untuk meningkatkan kinerja dari semua pihak

Pengaruh Pemberian Antibiotika Saat Budidaya Terhadap Keberadaan Residu Pada Daging Dan Hati Ayam Pedaging Dari Peternakan Rakyat

The use of antibiotics in animal husbandry cannot be avoided either as an act of therapy, supportive or prevention. This study was aimed to determine the existence of antibiotic residues in broiler chicken products which were produced by poultry farm and to determine the safety level of residues in the product which was associated with a drug application and harvesting time. Thigh meat and liver samples of broiler were taken when thinning and harvesting time in poultry farm at Pamijahan- Bogor using purposive sampling method. Residue testing was conducted through bioassay screening test. Positive results were followed by a confirmatory test using HPLC. Total positive samples were detected residues reached 27.08% which included the macrolide group reached 22.92% and tetracycline group reached 4.17%. These residues were found in the liver, reaching 50% of the total sample of the liver. In addition, 53.85% of the positive samples came from broiler chicken samples taken during thinning period. Macrolide antibiotics in liver samples were detected in the form of erythromycin with the level compounds between 0085 - 0702 ppm. Moreover, 90.9% of the samples had levels exceeding MRL defined in SNI 01-6366-2000 and CAC/MRL-2-2012. Tetracycline antibiotic was detected in the form of doxycycline with the level compounds between 0-0067 ppm on thigh meat and 0-0085 ppm in the liver although these levels were still below the MRL. The residues existence was closely related to the drug dose and farmer's knowledge about withdrawal time

Hubungan Keterampilan Metakognitif Dan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Dengan Hasil Belajar Biologi Siswa SMA Dalam Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning (PBL)

: The objectives of this study are to analyze: (1) the correlation of metacognitive skill and critical thinking ability with biology student learning outcomes experiencing study of Problem Based Learning, and (2) the contribution of metacognitive skill and critical thinking ability towards students' Biology learning outcomes. Data analysis by double linear regression technique showed that: (1) there is a correlation between metacognitive skill and critical thinking ability with biology student learning outcomes, and (2) the critical thinking ability give more contribution than metacognitive skill toward students' Biology learning outcomes

Sauerkraut inoculated with Lactobacillus casei as a potent immunomodulator in Escherichia coli infected mice

The aim of this study was to evaluate the immunomodulatory property of sauerkraut (in the presence and absence of Lactobacillus casei culture) on Escherichia coli infected Balb -C mice. Fermentation of freshly washed, shredded cabbage was fulfilled by adding 2% salt to prepare ‘sauerkraut control’, whereas ‘inoculated sauerkraut’ was prepared by adding 2% salt, 2% sugar and 20% Lactobacillus casei culture. After incubation for five days at room temperature, fermented sauerkrauts were tested in vivo on mice and the stimulation process was carried out orally for 19 days. Both ‘sauerkraut control’ and ‘inoculated sauerkraut’ have shown an increased number of T cell populations namely: CD4+ CD8+ IFN-γ + , TNF-α + . These findings were associated with enhanced performance of macrophages and reduction in a number of CD68+ IL-6 + cell populations [a proinflammatory cytokine]. The impact of the immunomodulatory property of inoculated sauerkraut was higher compared to control sauerkraut

Antioxidant Activity Against Methanol Extraction of Eucheuma cotonii and E. spinosum Collected From North Sulawesi Waters, Indonesia

Eucheuma cotonii and E. spinosum cultivated in Arakan waters, North Sulawesi, Indonesia, were tested the antioxidant activity of fresh and dry samples through maceration in 60%, 70%, and 80% methanol solvent.  The tested antioxidants were total phenol, DPPH, FRAP, and total carotene, respectively. Fresh E. spinosum dissolved in 60% methanol had the highest total phenol, 5.87±0.15 mg GAE/g, the highest DPPH, 75.27 ± 0.29 %, the highest FRAP, 44.52 ± 1.27 mg/l, respectively. The highest total carotene, 9.40±0.35 µg/g, was recorded in fresh E. cotonii, followed by fresh E. spinosum, 8.73±0.23 µg/g, which were also dissolved in 60% methanol. Therefore, the best antioxidant activity was found in fresh E. spinosum macerated in 60% methanol. Keywords: Alga, antioxidant activity, phenol, DPPH, FRAP, caroten

Produksi Selulosa Bakterial Dari Air Buah Kelapa Dalam Berbagai Konsentrasi Sukrosa Dan Urea

Selulosa adalah biopolimer alamiah yang sebagian besar diperoleh dari tanaman dan telah diaplikasikan secara luas terutama di industri kertas dan tekstil. Penggunaan tanaman hutan untuk produksi serat selulosa secara kontinyu mengakibatkan dampak negatif pada lingkungan. Limbah air buah kelapa dapat dimetabolisme oleh bakteri anggota Marga Gluconacetobacter menghasilkan selulosa bakterial sebagai alternatif bagi selulosa tanaman. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mempelajari pengaruh peningkatan konsentrasi sukrosa dan urea pada produktivitas selulosa bakterial dalam medium air buah kelapa. Starter suspensi setiap biakan mikrobia sebanyak 10% dengan densitas 2,2 x 10 7 sel/mL diinokulasikan ke medium air buah kelapa 150 mL dengan variasi konsentrasi sukrosa (0,0; 2,5; 5,0; 7,5; dan 10,0%) dan urea (0,0; 0,2; 0,5; 0,7; dan 1,0%) yang dibiakkan secara statis selama 14 hari pada suhu ruang (25 o C). Isolat bakteri AK3 memiliki similaritas fenotip 87,14% dengan G. xylinus BTCC B-796 dengan potensi produksi selulosa lebih rendah dibandingkan yang diproduksi oleh G. xylinus BTCC B-796 dan starter nata de coco. Variasi konsentrasi sukrosa dan urea tidak perpengaruh pada produksi selulosa oleh G. xylinus BTCC B-796 tetapi berpengaruh nyata pada produksi selulosa oleh isolat AK3 dan starter komersial nata de coco