4,777 research outputs found
Explaining Violation Traces with Finite State Natural Language Generation Models
An essential element of any verification technique is that of identifying and
communicating to the user, system behaviour which leads to a deviation from the
expected behaviour. Such behaviours are typically made available as long traces
of system actions which would benefit from a natural language explanation of
the trace and especially in the context of business logic level specifications.
In this paper we present a natural language generation model which can be used
to explain such traces. A key idea is that the explanation language is a CNL
that is, formally speaking, regular language susceptible transformations that
can be expressed with finite state machinery. At the same time it admits
various forms of abstraction and simplification which contribute to the
naturalness of explanations that are communicated to the user
Coherent Pion Production by Neutrinos
I concentrate in this article on the reaction--coherent pion production by
neutrinos incident on nuclei. A special effort is made in order to describe the
approximations entering the calculation. I conclude that the reaction is well
understood and with appropriate data for hadronic reactions is can be computed
for low and high energies. Because of shortage of space I omitted the resonance
analysis, which is described in articles with my collaborators.Comment: 4 pages. Proceedings of Conf. to be published by APS-Proceeding
A First-Principles Study of Zinc Oxide Honeycomb Structures
We present a first-principles study of the atomic, electronic, and magnetic
properties of two-dimensional (2D), single and bilayer ZnO in honeycomb
structure and its armchair and zigzag nanoribbons. In order to reveal the
dimensionality effects, our study includes also bulk ZnO in wurtzite,
zincblende, and hexagonal structures. The stability of 2D ZnO, its nanoribbons
and flakes are analyzed by phonon frequency, as well as by finite temperature
ab initio molecular-dynamics calculations. 2D ZnO in honeycomb structure and
its armchair nanoribbons are nonmagnetic semiconductors but acquire net
magnetic moment upon the creation of zinc-vacancy defect. Zigzag ZnO
nanoribbons are ferromagnetic metals with spins localized at the oxygen atoms
at the edges and have high spin polarization at the Fermi level. However, they
change to nonmagnetic metal upon termination of their edges with hydrogen
atoms. From the phonon calculations, the fourth acoustical mode specified as
twisting mode is also revealed for armchair nanoribbon. Under tensile stress
the nanoribbons are deformed elastically maintaining honeycomblike structure
but yield at high strains. Beyond yielding point honeycomblike structure
undergo a structural change and deform plastically by forming large polygons.
The variation in the electronic and magnetic properties of these nanoribbons
have been examined under strain. It appears that plastically deformed
nanoribbons may offer a new class of materials with diverse properties.Comment: http://prb.aps.org/abstract/PRB/v80/i23/e23511
Modified Paschos-Wolfenstein relation and extraction of weak mixing angle sin^2 theta_W
The NuTeV collaboration reported anomalously large weak mixing angle sin^2
theta_W in comparison with the standard model prediction. Neutrino and
antineutrino charged- and neutral-current events are analyzed for extracting
sin^2 theta_W. Although the Paschos-Wolfenstein relation is not directly used
in the analysis, it plays an important role in the determination. Noting that
the target nucleus, iron, is not an isoscalar nucleus, we derive a
leading-order expression for a modified Paschos-Wolfenstein relation for
nuclei, which may have neutron excess. Then, using charge and baryon-number
conservations for nuclei, we discuss a nuclear correction in the sin^2 theta_W
determination. It is noteworthy that nuclear modifications are different
between valence up- and down-quark distributions. We show this difference
effect on the NuTeV sin^2 theta_W deviation.Comment: 5 pages, REVTeX4.0, revtex4.cls, url.sty, natbib.sty, revsymb.sty,
10pt.rtx, aps.rtx, amssymb.sty, amsfonts.sty, 3 eps figures. Phys. Rev. D in
press. Email: [email protected] See also http://hs.phys.saga-u.ac.j
Pion Production in Neutrino-Nucleon Reactions
We construct a model for the weak pion production off the nucleon, which in
addition to the weak excitation of the resonance and its
subsequent decay into , it includes also some background terms required
by chiral symmetry. We re-fit the form factor to the flux averaged
ANL differential cross section data, finding
a substantially smaller contribution of the pole mechanism than
traditionally assumed in the literature. We also show that the interference
between the Delta pole and the background terms produces parity-violating
contributions to the pion angular differential cross section.Comment: To appear in the proceedings of Fifth International Workshop on.
Neutrino-Nucleus Interactions in the Few-GeV Region. May 30, 2007 - June 3,
2007. Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois US
Transaction costs and their implications to formation of contractual arrangements: aspects of machinery contracting by family farmers in the centro-serra region of Rio Grande do Sul.
A mecanizaĆ§Ć£o da produĆ§Ć£o agrĆcola desempenha um importante e crescente papel no curso do desenvolvimento agrĆcola e rural. A mecanizaĆ§Ć£o oferece diversas melhorias potenciais nos sistemas de produĆ§Ć£o tais como o incremento da produtividade da terra e do trabalho, a reduĆ§Ć£o dos riscos, e aumento da qualidade e seguranƧa alimentar de produtos de origem animal e vegetal. Entretanto, os investimentos necessĆ”rios para compra de mĆ”quinas, especialmente para pequenos produtores, podem nĆ£o ser a opĆ§Ć£o de menor custo em comparaĆ§Ć£o com a obtenĆ§Ć£o de serviƧos de mecanizaĆ§Ć£o por meio de diferentes arranjos contratuais. Para .. escolher a melhor forma de contratar serviƧos de mecanizaĆ§Ć£o Ć© necessĆ”rio avaliar tanto os . custos convencionais das mĆ”quinas quanto os custos de transaĆ§Ć£o, O principal objetivo desta pesquisa foi estimar a importĆ¢ncia dos custos de transaĆ§Ć£o na tomada de decisĆ£o sobre a seleĆ§Ć£o de arranjos contratuais alternativos para contrataĆ§Ć£o de serviƧos de mecanizaĆ§Ć£o. Nossa hipĆ³tese era de. que os custos de transaĆ§Ć£o podem ser maiores que os custos das mĆ”quinas, podendo, com isso, ser de cruclal ImportĆ¢ncia na seleĆ§Ć£o do tipo de arranjo contratual para contratar serviƧos de mecanizaĆ§Ć£o. Os dados empĆricos de custos de mĆ”quinas e de transaĆ§Ć£o foram coletados junto a agricultores familiares da RegiĆ£o Centro-Serra (RS), os quais contrataram serviƧos de colheita para milho de diferentes fornecedores formais e informais. Os resultados mostraram que os custos de transaĆ§Ć£o podem ser mais elevados que os custos das mĆ”quinas e, com isso, influenciam de forma significativa a preferĆŖncia agricultores familiares por determinado tipo de arranjo contratual para obtenĆ§Ć£o de serviƧos de mecanizaĆ§Ć£o. ABSTRACT - The mechanization of agricultural production plays an important and in course of time increasing role in the course of agricultural and rural development. Mechanization offers several potential improvements to farming systems such as increased land and labor productivity, reduction of risks, and increase of quality and food safety of animal and plant products. However, investments in own machinery, in particular for small holders, may not be the least-cost option in comparison with outsourcing the required machinery services through different contractual relationships. To choose the optimal contract for obtaining machinery services, it is necessary to evaluate conventional machinery costs as well as transaction costs. The main objective of this research was to assess the role of transaction costs in the choice among alternative contractual arrangements for provision of machinery services. Our hypothesis was that transaction costs can be higher than machinery costs, and therefore, they can play a leading role in the choice of contractual arrangements for provision of machinery services. The empirical data on conventional machinery and transaction costs were collected from farms in Southern Brazil that procure services for maize harvest through various informal and formal contractual forms. We found that transaction costs can be higher than conventional machinery costs, and therefore, influence the choice of contractual arrangement
Charge Symmetry Violation Corrections to Determination of the Weinberg Angle in Neutrino Reactions
We show that the correction to the Paschos-Wolfenstein relation associated
with charge symmetry violation in the valence quark distributions is
essentially model independent. It is proportional to a ratio of quark momenta
that is independent of Q^2. This result provides a natural explanation of the
surprisingly good agreement found between our earlier estimates within several
different models. When applied to the recent NuTeV measurement, this effect
significantly reduces the discrepancy with other determinations of the Weinberg
angle.Comment: 7 pages, no figures; expanded discussion of N.ne.Z correction
Analysing the Security of Google's implementation of OpenID Connect
Many millions of users routinely use their Google accounts to log in to
relying party (RP) websites supporting the Google OpenID Connect service.
OpenID Connect, a newly standardised single-sign-on protocol, builds an
identity layer on top of the OAuth 2.0 protocol, which has itself been widely
adopted to support identity management services. It adds identity management
functionality to the OAuth 2.0 system and allows an RP to obtain assurances
regarding the authenticity of an end user. A number of authors have analysed
the security of the OAuth 2.0 protocol, but whether OpenID Connect is secure in
practice remains an open question. We report on a large-scale practical study
of Google's implementation of OpenID Connect, involving forensic examination of
103 RP websites which support its use for sign-in. Our study reveals serious
vulnerabilities of a number of types, all of which allow an attacker to log in
to an RP website as a victim user. Further examination suggests that these
vulnerabilities are caused by a combination of Google's design of its OpenID
Connect service and RP developers making design decisions which sacrifice
security for simplicity of implementation. We also give practical
recommendations for both RPs and OPs to help improve the security of real world
OpenID Connect systems
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