663 research outputs found
Critical Collapse of the Massless Scalar Field in Axisymmetry
We present results from a numerical study of critical gravitational collapse
of axisymmetric distributions of massless scalar field energy. We find
threshold behavior that can be described by the spherically symmetric critical
solution with axisymmetric perturbations. However, we see indications of a
growing, non-spherical mode about the spherically symmetric critical solution.
The effect of this instability is that the small asymmetry present in what
would otherwise be a spherically symmetric self-similar solution grows. This
growth continues until a bifurcation occurs and two distinct regions form on
the axis, each resembling the spherically symmetric self-similar solution. The
existence of a non-spherical unstable mode is in conflict with previous
perturbative results, and we therefore discuss whether such a mode exists in
the continuum limit, or whether we are instead seeing a marginally stable mode
that is rendered unstable by numerical approximation.Comment: 11 pages, 8 figure
Continuous Self-Similarity and -Duality
We study the spherically symmetric collapse of the axion/dilaton system
coupled to gravity. We show numerically that the critical solution at the
threshold of black hole formation is continuously self-similar. Numerical and
analytical arguments both demonstrate that the mass scaling away from
criticality has a critical exponent of .Comment: 17 pages, harvmac, six figures uuencoded in separate fil
Perturbations and Critical Behavior in the Self-Similar Gravitational Collapse of a Massless Scalar Field
This paper studies the perturbations of the continuously self-similar
critical solution of the gravitational collapse of a massless scalar field
(Roberts solution). The perturbation equations are derived and solved exactly.
The perturbation spectrum is found to be not discrete, but occupying continuous
region of the complex plane. The renormalization group calculation gives the
value of the mass-scaling exponent equal to 1.Comment: 12 pages, RevTeX 3.1, 1 figur
Critical Phenomena Inside Global Monopoles
The gravitational collapse of a triplet scalar field is examined assuming a
hedgehog ansatz for the scalar field. Whereas the seminal work by Choptuik with
a single, strictly spherically symmetric scalar field found a discretely
self-similar (DSS) solution at criticality with echoing period ,
here a new DSS solution is found with period . This new critical
solution is also observed in the presence of a symmetry breaking potential as
well as within a global monopole. The triplet scalar field model contains
Choptuik's original model in a certain region of parameter space, and hence his
original DSS solution is also a solution. However, the choice of a hedgehog
ansatz appears to exclude the original DSS.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figure
Boosting jet power in black hole spacetimes
The extraction of rotational energy from a spinning black hole via the
Blandford-Znajek mechanism has long been understood as an important component
in models to explain energetic jets from compact astrophysical sources. Here we
show more generally that the kinetic energy of the black hole, both rotational
and translational, can be tapped, thereby producing even more luminous jets
powered by the interaction of the black hole with its surrounding plasma. We
study the resulting Poynting jet that arises from single boosted black holes
and binary black hole systems. In the latter case, we find that increasing the
orbital angular momenta of the system and/or the spins of the individual black
holes results in an enhanced Poynting flux.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figure
System calibration of the 1.4 GHz and 5 GHz radiometers for soil moisture remote sensing
Two microwave radiometers at the frequencies of 1.4 GHz and 5 GHz were mounted on a mobile tower and used for a remote sensing of soil moisture experiment at a Beltsville Agriculture Research Center test site. The experiment was performed in October 1979 over both bare field and fields covered with grass, soybean, and corn. The calibration procedure for the radiometer systems which forms the basis of obtaining the final radiometric data product is described. It is estimated from the calibration results that the accuracy of the 1.4 GHz radiometric measurements is about + or - 3 K. The measured 5 GHz brightness temperatures over bare fields with moisture content greater than 10 percent by dry weight are about 8 K lower than those taken simultaneously at 1.4 GHz. This could be due to either (1) a 5 GHz antenna side lobe seeing the cold brightness of the sky, or (2) the thermal microwave emission from a soil being less sensitive to surface roughness at 5 GHz than at 1.4 GHz
On critical behaviour in gravitational collapse
We give an approach to studying the critical behaviour that has been observed
in numerical studies of gravitational collapse. These studies suggest, among
other things, that black holes initially form with infinitesimal mass. We show
generally how a black hole mass formula can be extracted from a transcendental
equation.
Using our approach, we give an explicit one parameter set of metrics that are
asymptotically flat and describe the collapse of apriori unspecified but
physical matter fields. The black hole mass formula obtained from this metric
exhibits a mass gap - that is, at the onset of black hole formation, the mass
is finite and non-zero.Comment: 11 pages, RevTex, 2 figures (available from VH
Self-Similar Collapse of Scalar Field in Higher Dimensions
This paper constructs continuously self-similar solution of a spherically
symmetric gravitational collapse of a scalar field in n dimensions. The
qualitative behavior of these solutions is explained, and closed-form answers
are provided where possible. Equivalence of scalar field couplings is used to
show a way to generalize minimally coupled scalar field solutions to the model
with general coupling.Comment: RevTex 3.1, 15 pages, 3 figures; references adde
Critical behavior of gravitating sphalerons
We examine the gravitational collapse of sphaleron type configurations in
Einstein--Yang--Mills--Higgs theory. Working in spherical symmetry, we
investigate the critical behavior in this model. We provide evidence that for
various initial configurations, there can be three different critical
transitions between possible endstates with different critical solutions
sitting on the threshold between these outcomes. In addition, we show that
within the dispersive and black hole regimes, there are new possible endstates,
namely a stable, regular sphaleron and a stable, hairy black hole.Comment: Latex, 14 pages, 8 figure
Black hole formation from massive scalar fields
It is shown that there exists a range of parameters in which gravitational
collapse with a spherically symmetric massive scalar field can be treated as if
it were collapsing dust. This implies a criterion for the formation of black
holes depending on the size and mass of the initial field configuration and the
mass of the scalar field.Comment: 11 pages, RevTeX, 3 eps figures. Submitted to Class. Quantum Gra
- …