208 research outputs found

    Robustness Evaluation of Entity Disambiguation Using Prior Probes: the Case of Entity Overshadowing

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    Entity disambiguation (ED) is the last step of entity linking (EL), when candidate entities are reranked according to the context they appear in. All datasets for training and evaluating models for EL consist of convenience samples, such as news articles and tweets, that propagate the prior probability bias of the entity distribution towards more frequently occurring entities. It was previously shown that the performance of the EL systems on such datasets is overestimated since it is possible to obtain higher accuracy scores by merely learning the prior. To provide a more adequate evaluation benchmark, we introduce the ShadowLink dataset, which includes 16K short text snippets annotated with entity mentions. We evaluate and report the performance of popular EL systems on the ShadowLink benchmark. The results show a considerable difference in accuracy between more and less common entities for all of the EL systems under evaluation, demonstrating the effects of prior probability bias and entity overshadowing

    Toroidal Soliton Solutions in O(3)^N Nonlinear Sigma Model

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    A set of N three component unit scalar fields in (3+1) Minkowski space-time is investigated. The highly nonlinear coupling between them is chosen to omit the scaling instabilities. The multi-soliton static configurations with arbitrary Hopf numbers are found. Moreover, the generalized version of the Vakulenko-Kapitansky inequality is obtained. The possibility of attractive, repulsing and noninteracting channels is discussed.Comment: to be published in Mod. Phys. Lett.

    Comparative analysis of interregional and intersectoral mobility in Russia

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    Одной ΠΈΠ· Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡˆΠΈΡ… характСристик Ρ€Ρ‹Π½ΠΊΠ° Ρ‚Ρ€ΡƒΠ΄Π° являСтся трудовая ΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ, которая позволяСт ΡΡƒΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΎΠ± эффСктивности использования Ρ‚Ρ€ΡƒΠ΄Π° Π² экономикС. Для опрСдСлСния стСпСни ΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ ΡΡ€Π°Π²Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·. Π’ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π΅ ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ ΡΡ‚Π΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΡŒ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ Π½Π° российском Ρ€Ρ‹Π½ΠΊΠ΅ Ρ‚Ρ€ΡƒΠ΄Π° Π² пространствСнном ΠΈ отраслСвом Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π΅Π·Π΅ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡ€Π°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ с Ρ€Ρ‹Π½ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Ρ‚Ρ€ΡƒΠ΄Π° Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΡ… стран Π½Π° основании Ρ€Π°Π½Π΅Π΅ ΠΎΠΏΡƒΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… исслСдований, Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ², ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π°Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΌ. Π’ Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π΅ ΡΡ‚Ρ€ΡƒΠΊΡ‚ΡƒΡ€ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ ΠΊ ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ стСпСни ΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ, ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ прямыС (ΠΈΠ·Π΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ, ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΡ†Ρ‹ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²), Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ ΠΈ косвСнныС ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΠΈ (структурная Π±Π΅Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΡ†Π°, диффСрСнциация Π·Π°Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ»Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹, ΡƒΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΡŒ Π±Π΅Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΡ†Ρ‹, Π’Π ΠŸ). Для Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Российского ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ½Π³Π° экономичСского полоТСния ΠΈ Π·Π΄ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΡŒΡ насСлСния ΠΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ унивСрситСта Β«Π’Ρ‹ΡΡˆΠ°Ρ школа экономики» ΠΈ Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Росстата 2000-2016 Π³Π³. ΠŸΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ ΠΎΠ± ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΡ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ мСТсСкторной ΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ Π² России ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡ€Π°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ со странами ОЭБР. Низкая мСТсСкторная ΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ ΡƒΠΊΠ°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Π½Π° ΡΠ»Π°Π±ΡƒΡŽ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ сСкторов ΠΈ Π½Π° высокиС ΠΈΠ·Π΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄Π°. НаибольшСС число ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡŽΠ΄Π°Π΅Ρ‚ΡΡ Π² Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Π³ΠΎΠ²Π»ΡŽ, Π³Π΄Π΅ ΠΎΡ‚ Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² Π½Π΅ трСбуСтся спСцифичных Π·Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ. Π”Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ Π² основном ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ€ΡˆΠ°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρƒ смСТными сСкторами, Ρ‚Ρ€Π΅Π±ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΌΠΈ схоТих ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ„ΠΈΠ»ΡŽ Π·Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΡ‚ Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ². Бамая низкая ΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Ρ…Π°Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π½Π° для Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² образования ΠΈ здравоохранСния. Если ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΡΡ Π½Π° индСксы Шоррокса, Ρ‚ΠΎ ΡƒΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΡŒ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΡ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ Π² России Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅ мСТсСкторной. Низкая пространствСнная ΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΎΠ±ΡŠΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅Ρ‚ΡΡ высокими ΠΈΠ·Π΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠ³Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ, связанными, Π² часности, с Β«Π»ΠΎΠ²ΡƒΡˆΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ бСдности», ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ статистичСского ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Ρ‚Π° ΠΌΠΈΠ³Ρ€Π°Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡˆΡ‚Π°Π±Π°ΠΌΠΈ Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π² России. ΠŸΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ Π²Π΅Ρ€Π½Ρ‹ Π² Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ… исслСдуСмого Π²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΈ примСняСмых ΠΊΡ€ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ΅Π². ИзмСнСния Ρ‚Ρ€ΡƒΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ Π² России Π² ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΎΠ΄ глобальной Ρ†ΠΈΡ„Ρ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ экономики ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ ΠΊ дистанционному Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Ρƒ Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Ρ‹ Ρ‚Ρ€Π΅Π±ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ ΠΎΡ‚Π΄Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ изучСния.One of the most important characteristics of the labour market is labour mobility that allows assessing the economic efficiency of labour. A comparative analysis is necessary for determining the degree of mobility. In terms of spatial and sectoral characteristics, the paper assesses the degree and dynamics of mobility in the Russian labour market based on previously published studies, as well as the authors’ findings. To determine the degree of mobility, the research uses various approaches, applying both direct (mobility costs, transition matrices) and indirect indicators (structural unemployment, wage differentiation, unemployment rate, gross regional product (GRP)). The analysis uses the data of the Russia Longitudinal Monitoring Survey - Higher School of Economics (RLMS-HSE) and Federal State Statistic Service (Rosstat) for 20002016. The obtained results demonstrate a relatively low intersectoral and interregional mobility in Russia compared to Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries. Low intersectoral mobility may indicate weak exchangeability of the sectors and high mobility costs. The largest number of transitions is observed in trade, where employees do not need any specific knowledge. Generally, other transitions are made between related sectors that require similar knowledge from employees. The lowest intersectoral mobility is characteristic for the education and health sectors. According to the Shorrocks index, in Russia, interregional mobility is lower than intersectoral mobility. Low spatial mobility is explained by high migration costs, including those associated with β€œpoverty traps”, the peculiarity of statistical accounting of migrants and the size of Russian regions. The obtained results are correct for the examined period and the applied criteria. The changes in labour mobility in Russia caused by global digitalisation of the economy and the transition to remote working require a separate study.ИсслСдованиС Π²Ρ‹ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π·Π° счСт Π³Ρ€Π°Π½Ρ‚Π° ВсСмирного Π±Π°Π½ΠΊΠ° ΠΈ Π² Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ… ΠŸΡ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΌΡ‹ Ρ„ΡƒΠ½Π΄Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… исслСдований НИУ Π’Π¨Π­ Π² 2019 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρƒ. Π Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π° с использованиСм Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚Π° Β«ΠŸΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ° Π½Π΅Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ занятости Π² России: ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹ ΠΈ Π²Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π½Ρ‚Ρ‹ Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΒ» ВсСмирного Π±Π°Π½ΠΊΠ°, 2019. Автор Π²Ρ‹Ρ€Π°ΠΆΠ°Π΅Ρ‚ ΠΎΠ³Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠ½ΡƒΡŽ Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°Ρ€Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π“ΡƒΡ€Π²ΠΈΡ‡Ρƒ Π•. Π’. Π·Π° Ρ†Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Ρ€Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ.The research has been supported by the grant of the World Bank and the HSE Fundamental Research Program in 2019. The article has been prepared using the results of the project β€œThe problem of informal employment in Russia: causes and solutions” of the World Bank, 2019. I would like to thank E. T. Gurvich for valuable advice
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