208 research outputs found
Robustness Evaluation of Entity Disambiguation Using Prior Probes: the Case of Entity Overshadowing
Entity disambiguation (ED) is the last step of entity linking (EL), when
candidate entities are reranked according to the context they appear in. All
datasets for training and evaluating models for EL consist of convenience
samples, such as news articles and tweets, that propagate the prior probability
bias of the entity distribution towards more frequently occurring entities. It
was previously shown that the performance of the EL systems on such datasets is
overestimated since it is possible to obtain higher accuracy scores by merely
learning the prior. To provide a more adequate evaluation benchmark, we
introduce the ShadowLink dataset, which includes 16K short text snippets
annotated with entity mentions. We evaluate and report the performance of
popular EL systems on the ShadowLink benchmark. The results show a considerable
difference in accuracy between more and less common entities for all of the EL
systems under evaluation, demonstrating the effects of prior probability bias
and entity overshadowing
Toroidal Soliton Solutions in O(3)^N Nonlinear Sigma Model
A set of N three component unit scalar fields in (3+1) Minkowski space-time
is investigated. The highly nonlinear coupling between them is chosen to omit
the scaling instabilities. The multi-soliton static configurations with
arbitrary Hopf numbers are found. Moreover, the generalized version of the
Vakulenko-Kapitansky inequality is obtained. The possibility of attractive,
repulsing and noninteracting channels is discussed.Comment: to be published in Mod. Phys. Lett.
Comparative analysis of interregional and intersectoral mobility in Russia
ΠΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ· Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΈΡ
Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΠ° ΡΡΡΠ΄Π° ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΠ± ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠ΄Π° Π² ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠ΅. ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·. Π Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ΄Π° Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠ»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ΅Π·Π΅ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΄Π° Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π΅ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ², ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ. Π ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΊ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΡΡΠΌΡΠ΅ (ΠΈΠ·Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²), ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ (ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π±Π΅Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ°, Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°ΡΠΈΡ Π·Π°ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ Π±Π΅Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡ, ΠΠ Π). ΠΠ»Ρ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΡΡΡΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ½Π³Π° ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π·Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ° Β«ΠΡΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»Π° ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈΒ» ΠΈ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ° 2000-2016 Π³Π³. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ± ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π² Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΠΠ‘Π . ΠΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΠ»Π°Π±ΡΡ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π½Π° Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π°. ΠΠ°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π΅ ΡΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠΎΡΠ³ΠΎΠ²Π»Ρ, Π³Π΄Π΅ ΠΎΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² Π½Π΅ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π·Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ. ΠΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π² ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΡ
ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Ρ Π·Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ². Π‘Π°ΠΌΠ°Ρ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π° Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π·Π΄ΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΈΠ½Π΄Π΅ΠΊΡΡ Π¨ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΊΡΠ°, ΡΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π² Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ. ΠΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠ·Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ, Π² ΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, Ρ Β«Π»ΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π±Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΒ», ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΌΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡΠ°Π±Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π² Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ Π²Π΅ΡΠ½Ρ Π² ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ΅Π². ΠΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π² Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ Π³Π»ΠΎΠ±Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ ΠΊ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ.One of the most important characteristics of the labour market is labour mobility that allows assessing the economic efficiency of labour. A comparative analysis is necessary for determining the degree of mobility. In terms of spatial and sectoral characteristics, the paper assesses the degree and dynamics of mobility in the Russian labour market based on previously published studies, as well as the authorsβ findings. To determine the degree of mobility, the research uses various approaches, applying both direct (mobility costs, transition matrices) and indirect indicators (structural unemployment, wage differentiation, unemployment rate, gross regional product (GRP)). The analysis uses the data of the Russia Longitudinal Monitoring Survey - Higher School of Economics (RLMS-HSE) and Federal State Statistic Service (Rosstat) for 20002016. The obtained results demonstrate a relatively low intersectoral and interregional mobility in Russia compared to Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries. Low intersectoral mobility may indicate weak exchangeability of the sectors and high mobility costs. The largest number of transitions is observed in trade, where employees do not need any specific knowledge. Generally, other transitions are made between related sectors that require similar knowledge from employees. The lowest intersectoral mobility is characteristic for the education and health sectors. According to the Shorrocks index, in Russia, interregional mobility is lower than intersectoral mobility. Low spatial mobility is explained by high migration costs, including those associated with βpoverty trapsβ, the peculiarity of statistical accounting of migrants and the size of Russian regions. The obtained results are correct for the examined period and the applied criteria. The changes in labour mobility in Russia caused by global digitalisation of the economy and the transition to remote working require a separate study.ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π·Π° ΡΡΠ΅Ρ Π³ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ° ΠΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±Π°Π½ΠΊΠ° ΠΈ Π² ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΠΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΡ ΡΡΠ½Π΄Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΠΠ£ ΠΠ¨Π Π² 2019 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ. Π Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π° Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ° Β«ΠΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ° Π½Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π·Π°Π½ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π² Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ: ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΈ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΒ» ΠΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±Π°Π½ΠΊΠ°, 2019. ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΡ Π²ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ°Π΅Ρ ΠΎΠ³ΡΠΎΠΌΠ½ΡΡ Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΡ Π. Π’. Π·Π° ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ.The research has been supported by the grant of the World Bank and the HSE Fundamental Research Program in 2019. The article has been prepared using the results of the project βThe problem of informal employment in Russia: causes and solutionsβ of the World Bank, 2019. I would like to thank E. T. Gurvich for valuable advice
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