On the automatic construction of indistinguishable operations

An increasingly important design constraint for software running on ubiquitous computing devices is security, particularly against physical methods such as side-channel attack. One well studied methodology for defending against such attacks is the concept of indistinguishable functions which leak no information about program control flow since all execution paths are computationally identical. However, constructing such functions by hand becomes laborious and error prone as their complexity increases. We investigate techniques for automating this process and find that effective solutions can be constructed with only minor amounts of computational effort.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - SFRH/BPD/20528/2004

Does Coupling Affect the Security of Masked Implementations?

Masking schemes achieve provable security against side-channel analysis by using secret sharing to decorrelate key-dependent intermediate values of the cryptographic algorithm and side-channel information. Masking schemes make assumptions on how the underlying leakage mechanisms of hardware or software behave to account for various physical effects. In this paper, we investigate the effect of the physical placement on the security using leakage assessment on power measurements collected from an FPGA. In order to differentiate other masking failures, we use threshold implementations as masking scheme in conjunction with a high-entropy pseudorandom number generator. We show that we can observe differences in---possibly---exploitable leakage by placing functions corresponding to different shares of a cryptographic implementation in close proximity

Secure and Efficient AES Software Implementation for Smart Cards

In implementing cryptographic algorithms on limited devices such as smart cards, speed and memory optimization had always been a challenge

Can traditional organizations be digitally transformed by themselves? The moderating role of absorptive capacity and strategic interdependence

Although digital transformation has significantly attracted scholarly attention beyond information systems, little is known whether traditional organizations can be digitally transformed alone. Knowledge of this process is important as traditional organizations risk failing to achieve digital transformation due to their lack of understanding about digitalization. This research proposes a conceptual framework, which approaches the digital transformation of traditional organizations as a coordinated sequence of specific relationships. The research propositions first outline the relationship between alliance knowledge and digital transformation as a necessary but not absolute condition for the digitalization of traditional conditions. Effectively, therefore, the constructs of absorptive capacity and strategic interdependence are considered to be boundary conditions to this relationship. Insights are also provided into traditional organizations’ levels of absorptive capacity (high vs. low) as well as into the levels of interdependence between them and their partners (symmetry vs. asymmetry), which both determine the outcomes of digital transformation. Concurring with these propositions, this framework advances our understanding of why traditional organizations struggle to be digitally transformed alone and provides implications for both theory and practice. © 202

Parallel Program Design in Visual Environment

The great challenge in parallel computing is to make a task of programming parallel machines easy while not sacrificing the efficiency of target code. One of the successful methodologies is to start from a high-level specification of the functional behaviour of a program by applying a sequence of optimising transformations tuned for a particular architecture to generate a specification of the operational behaviour of a parallel program. We believe that visualisation is an excellent way to bring this methodology to a wider programming community. In this paper we describe an interactive visual system which integrates 3D graphics, animation, and direct manipulation techniques into parallel programming environment. Keywords: parallel program development, algorithm analysis, data dependency graph, domain morphisms, visualisation. 1 Introduction Parallel program design and analysis is a complex activity, where many difficulties stem from the principle inadequacy of pure textual formalism ..

Market knowledge acquisition and transfer in international SMEs: peculiarities, specifications and linkages to market success

Purpose: This paper aims to systematically review and evaluate extant literature on knowledge acquisition and transfer in international small-to-medium enterprises (SMEs) and to identify the requisite types of knowledge acquired and transferred in this context. The research further determines the mechanisms enabling SMEs to process this knowledge, unpacks the benefits of both knowledge acquisition and transfer for international SMEs and links them to the market success. Design/methodology/approach: The research has conducted a comprehensive systematic review of existing literature on market knowledge acquisition and its transfer, in the context of international SMEs, utilizing peer-reviewed articles published in top tier journals without any custom range of time. Findings: The search strategy resulted in 37 reviewed academic articles, whose analysis identifies and elucidates on the best practices of knowledge acquisition and transfer in the context of international SMEs; the type of the knowledge acquired and transferred; the form and mechanism of the intersection of these processes; and the benefits gained. The findings, crucially, also identify and illuminate extant research gaps and insufficiencies and develop a comprehensive research agenda for the way forward. Originality/value: The present study offers a uniquely comprehensive perspective on a topic of diachronic and, currently, rising significance to scholars and practitioners alike. Transcending its descriptive value, though, it further identifies extant knowledge deficiencies, it distils and consolidates critical knowledge and prescribes avenues for research towards the growth and development of international SMEs and born globals. © 2021, Emerald Publishing Limited

Why do employees hide their knowledge and what are the consequences? A systematic literature review

Although knowledge hiding has always existed at work, it has only recently attracted scholarly attention. We conducted a systematic literature review to unveil its antecedents, unpack consequences and identify strategies to mitigate it. The study findings revealed that, although knowledge hiding is differently defined, there is consensus about its intentional nature leading to behaviors, which are triggered by personal (intrinsic) and organizational (extrinsic) antecedents, and result in explicit consequences for both employees and teams. Although existing literature fails to explicitly support distinct consequences at an organizational level, we argue that the adverse consequences of knowledge hiding affect organizations holistically. We adopted the Organizational Behavior Modification model to integrate the study outcomes, thus supporting that knowledge hiding stems from intrinsic and extrinsic antecedents creating either a positive or a negative reinforcement toward it. Organizations can modify knowledge hiding by eliminating stimuli with positive affectivity and strengthen the ones with negative affectivity. © 202