Penetapan Pengadilan dalam Mengabulkan dan Tidak Menerima Permohonan Perkawinan Beda Agama (Studi terhadap Penetapan Nomor 73/pdt.p/2007/pn.ska dan Nomor 375/pdt.p/2013/pn.ska)

Negara Indonesia merupakan negara multi Agama, sebagai konsekuensinya timbul persoalan perkawinan beda agama. Perkawinan beda agama di Indonesia tidak diatur secara kongrit dalam Undang- undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan maupun peraturan Perundang- undangan lainnya. Tujuan penulisan artikel ilmiah ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana keabsahan perkawinan beda agama yang telah dicatatkan di Kantor Catatan Sipil serta untuk mendeskripsikan, mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis apa yang menjadi dasar pertimbangan hakim dalam mengabulkan atau tidak menerima permohonan perkawinan beda agama. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian normatif dengan menggunakan metode pendekatan Perundang- undangnan serta pendekatan kasus. Berdasarkan analisis terhadap bahan hukum yang diperoleh, keabsahan perkawinan beda agama yang telah dicatatkan adalah sah dengan segala akibat hukumnya. Terhadap dasar pertimbangan hakim dalam mengabulkan atau tidak menerima perkawinan beda agama terdapat beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi yaitu dari aspek yuridis, aspek sosial dan aspek agama.Kata kunci: perkawinan beda agama, keabsahan perkawinan, dasar pertimbangan hakim

Periodontal Status of Postmenopausal Women

The objective of this study was to compare the periodontal status in postmenopausal women with osteopenia and osteoporosis. Material and Methods: We examined 43 postmenopausal women aged from 55 to 74 years. Material assessment of bones in every patient was performed by means of dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) from two points on the skeleton – part of the femur neck and between the first and fourth lumbar vertebrae. A lipid blood test was done for patients of both groups. All patients were divided into two groups (the 1st with osteopenia, and the 2nd with osteoporosis). All patients were subjected to an oral clinical examination: the periodontal examination was composed of Plaque Index (PI), Pocket Score (PS), and Papillary Bleeding Index (PBI). X-ray analysis was performed for every patient. Results: The results of the clinical periodontal examination demonstrated that the mean PBI in patients in the 1st group had no significant differences from the PBI in patients in the 2nd group. PI value and PS findings in patients with general osteoporosis also had no statistical differences from the same parameters in patients with osteopenia. Conclusion: Under the circumstances of these patients’ characteristics and within the limits of the present study, we concluded that there is no significant difference in the periodontal status of postmenopausal women with systemic osteopenia and with osteoporosis

CT dose reduction factors in the thousands using X-ray phase contrast

Phase-contrast X-ray imaging can improve the visibility of weakly absorbing objects (e.g. soft tissues) by an order of magnitude or more compared to conventional radiographs. Previously, it has been shown that combining phase retrieval with computed tomography (CT) can increase the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) by up to two orders of magnitude over conventional CT at the same radiation dose, without loss of image quality. Our experiments reveal that as radiation dose decreases, the relative improvement in SNR increases. We discovered this enhancement can be traded for a reduction in dose greater than the square of the gain in SNR. Upon reducing the dose 300 fold, the phase-retrieved SNR was still almost 10 times larger than the absorption contrast data. This reveals the potential for dose reduction factors in the tens of thousands without loss in image quality, which would have a profound impact on medical and industrial imaging applications

A Mechanism for Management of Strategic Changes of an Enterprise

The aim of the article is to develop methodical and practical principles for the formation of a mechanism for managing strategic changes at a domestic enterprise in modern economic conditions. The article analyzes the factors that give rise to strategic changes in the enterprise. The types of strategic changes and their impact on the strategic management of enterprise have been allocated. The stages of the process of management of strategic changes of enterprise are considered. The author’s own approach to the formation of a mechanism for managing strategic changes in enterprise has been proposed. Four levels at which this mechanism is formed have been allocated: general, process, functional, and instrumental. The main elements of each level are differentiated. It is emphasized that at the general level it is important to determine the driving element, input, object of control and the desired result (output). The constant influence of the external environment on the process of managing strategic changes of enterprise is emphasized and it is noted that external changes do not require management and do not depend on the enterprise itself, and therefore the latter can only adapt to them. Internal strategic changes are manageable, although they often depend on the external environment. The functional level provides for the allocation of components of the process of managing strategic changes of the enterprise, and the process level – specific stages of the change management process, which depend on the complexity of the changes carried out and the characteristics of the enterprise itself. The instrumental level involves the selection of a set of tools and methods for managing strategic changes. The relationship between all levels of the mechanism for managing strategic changes of enterprise is emphasized and a set of indicators is defined, with the help of which it is possible to analyze the effectiveness and efficiency of the presented mechanism. It is concluded that the mechanism for managing strategic changes for each company can have an individual composition of elements and components, although there is a classic minimum set, for want of which the process of change management cannot be carried out

A general few-projection method for tomographic reconstruction of samples consisting of several distinct materials

We present a method for tomographic reconstruction of objects containing several distinct materials, which is capable of accurately reconstructing a sample from vastly fewer angular projections than required by conventional algorithms. The algorithm is more general than many previous discrete tomography methods, as: (i) a priori knowledge of the exact number of materials is not required; (ii) the linear attenuation coefficient of each constituent material may assume a small range of a priori unknown values. We present reconstructions from an experimental x-ray computed tomography scan of cortical bone acquired at the SPring-8 synchrotron