Fourier transform infrared - attenuated total reflection for wheat grain

Mid-infrared regions of the spectrum of grain of four Triticum species were analyzed using Fourier transform infrared – attenuated total reflection. Significant variations were noted in the absorbance of all studied taxa over four wavenumber ranges. The principal component analysis supported strong discrimination of the four examined species. The percentage of variation explained by the first two principal component analyses reached 95.04%, including principal components 1-72.16% and 2-22.88%. The applied method supports quick identification of the grains of various hulled species of wheat and it is a useful tool for evaluating the seeds and food products obtained from those cereal species

The elemental composition of seedlings of selected Triticum sp. genotypes and of a commercial dietary supplement – a comparative analysis

Cereal seedlings are quite broadly used in the dietary supplement industry. The elemental composition of seedlings of five species of the genus Triticum characterized by different ploidy levels (Triticum spelta line UWM10, T. aestivum cv Torka 2n=6x, T dicoccon cv. Lamela, T. polonicum line Pol 5, and T. turanicum cv. Kamut 2n=4x) was determined by the Inductively Coupled Plasma Sector Field Mass (ICP-SFMS) method to analyze their suitability for use in the manufacture of dietary supplements as compared with a dietary supplement product made from T. spelta seedlings, which is commercially available in the European Union. Seedlings of five Triticum genotypes had similar concentrations of the analyzed elements, and contained essential microelements and only trace amounts of heavy metals. The commercially available dietary supplement had a very high content of aluminum (421.1 μg g-1 i.e. nearly 74- to 150-fold higher in comparison with wheat seedlings) and lanthanides (1.074 μg g-1 i.e. 44- to 87-fold higher in comparison with wheat seedlings). Fe, Cr, V and Nb occurred in large quantities in the analyzed supplement (262.7, 1.13, and 0.080 μg g-1 i.e. 4.0, 3.7 and 101.4- fold higher in comparison with wheat seedlings). The principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that the supplement and the analyzed wheats had completely different elemental profiles. Similarities in the elemental profiles were noted between the wheats Kamut and cv. Lamela (both wheats are tetraploid) and between cv. Torka (hexaploid) and Polish wheat line Pol5 (tetraploid). Spelt line UWM10 significantly differed from the four remaining genotypes in the elemental profile of seedling

The elemental composition of seedlings of selected Triticum sp. genotypes and of a commercial dietary supplement – a comparative analysis

Cereal seedlings are quite broadly used in the dietary supplement industry. The elemental composition of seedlings of five species of the genus Triticum characterized by different ploidy levels (Triticum spelta line UWM10, T. aestivum cv Torka 2n=6x, T dicoccon cv. Lamela, T. polonicum line Pol 5, and T. turanicum cv. Kamut 2n=4x) was determined by the Inductively Coupled Plasma Sector Field Mass (ICP-SFMS) method to analyze their suitability for use in the manufacture of dietary supplements as compared with a dietary supplement product made from T. spelta seedlings, which is commercially available in the European Union. Seedlings of five Triticum genotypes had similar concentrations of the analyzed elements, and contained essential microelements and only trace amounts of heavy metals. The commercially available dietary supplement had a very high content of aluminum (421.1 μg g-1 i.e. nearly 74- to 150-fold higher in comparison with wheat seedlings) and lanthanides (1.074 μg g-1 i.e. 44- to 87-fold higher in comparison with wheat seedlings). Fe, Cr, V and Nb occurred in large quantities in the analyzed supplement (262.7, 1.13, and 0.080 μg g-1 i.e. 4.0, 3.7 and 101.4- fold higher in comparison with wheat seedlings). The principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that the supplement and the analyzed wheats had completely different elemental profiles. Similarities in the elemental profiles were noted between the wheats Kamut and cv. Lamela (both wheats are tetraploid) and between cv. Torka (hexaploid) and Polish wheat line Pol5 (tetraploid). Spelt line UWM10 significantly differed from the four remaining genotypes in the elemental profile of seedling

Fourier transform infrared - attenuated total reflection for wheat grain

Mid-infrared regions of the spectrum of grain of four Triticum species were analyzed using Fourier transform infrared – attenuated total reflection. Significant variations were noted in the absorbance of all studied taxa over four wavenumber ranges. The principal component analysis supported strong discrimination of the four examined species. The percentage of variation explained by the first two principal component analyses reached 95.04%, including principal components 1-72.16% and 2-22.88%. The applied method supports quick identification of the grains of various hulled species of wheat and it is a useful tool for evaluating the seeds and food products obtained from those cereal species

Hulled wheats: A review of nutritional properties and processing methods

There is renewed interest in adopting hulled wheats (emmer, einkorn, and spelt) into our food system, because of their nutritional qualities and improved organoleptic properties. Current research findings have been concisely put together in this review to show the extent of the current and past work in this area and suggest additional research areas. Breeding programs for hulled wheats have received a great deal of attention, and their research findings have shown potential to generate genotypes with improved qualities. More work is required to investigate the changes in nutritional and structural composition of hulled wheats during and after processing and to develop suitable processing methods