Staff support for inclusion: an international study

The idea for this research emerged following previous experiences in schools in Germany and England, noting their differences and similarities, and their equally persistent problems responding to diversity inclusively. The thesis consists of an in-depth exploration of cultures, policies and practices in schools and their rationales regarding the development of inclusion in education. At the core of the thesis are responses to diversity I perceived in two primary schools, one in London and one in Berlin, focusing in particular on the active participation of staff. My experiences were systematised through an international, ethnographic case study approach, which included six months fieldwork, as a participant observer, conducting semistructured interviews and exploring school documents. I investigated the participation of children, parents and staff – the three main groups of people in the schools – looking at their roles, their interaction and the barriers they experience. I related my findings to current notions of inclusion and responses to diversity in education, both in the respective literature and in policy documents, highlighting local, national and international differences, their mismatch with educational practice and resulting discriminatory effects. I found the active participation of staff to be an essential condition for inclusion in education, which has so far been treated peripherally. The barriers they experience to their own participation limit their capacity to respond inclusively to diversity and to establish communities in which everyone, all children and all adults, are valued equally. Additionally, parents and children were found to be potential contributors to developments towards inclusion, but were often excluded from contributing to developments in educational practice, so their potential strengths as resources for inclusion were lost. Consequently, I argue that any approach to inclusion in education has to increase the participation of staff, as well as being supported through the contributions of children and parents. I suggest a model for inclusive school development: namely, a collaborative process between all concerned, to increasingly mobilise the individual strengths of adults and children to support the participation of all: children, parents and staff

Modeling of velocity distributions inside and above tall crops

Reprinted from Journal of Applied Meteorology v. 7, no. 3, June 1965, pages 400-408.CER64EJP-AAQ-2.Includes bibliographical references.Velocity distributions inside and above a model crop were investigated. The model crop consisted of flexible plastic strips fastened to the floor of a low speed wind tunnel. The experimental results indicated that at some distance xo downstream from the edge of the roughness cover the velocity profiles were similar inside and also above the cover. The length xo is discussed. The experimental results for the velocity distribution inside the plant cover were compared with field data obtained from different sources. A presentation of the velocity profiles inside the canopy in nondimensional form collapsed all field and laboratory data for a given crop type on one curve. The laboratory flow above the crop cover was analyzed using a power law form and using the logarithmic velocity distribution law. On the basis of the experimental results it is recommended that a two-tower arrangement of wind velocity measuring devices be used both for the evaluation of the surface shear stress and for checking the establishment of similarity profiles in the field

Wind action on water standing in a laboratory channel

CEP6566-GMHEJP14a, CER65GMH-EJP40a.NCAR preprint-memo, PM # 135.Includes bibliographical references.The processes of wave and current development resulting from wind action on initially standing water have been investigated in a wind-water tunnel. The mean air flow over wavy water was examined along with the variation of several properties of the water motion with fetch, water depth, and wind speed. Measurements of phase speed and length of significant waves, the standard deviation of the water sur face, the average surface drift, the autocorrelation of surface displacement and the frequency spectra of the wind waves are reported. The experimental results indicate that (a) the air motion in the channel follows a three dimensional pattern characteristic of wind tunnels of rectangular cross-section; (b) the wind waves generated in the channel travel downstream at approximately the same phase speed as gravity waves of small amplitude, provided the effect of the drift current is taken into account; (c) the average drag coefficients for the action of the wind on the water surface increase with increasing wind speed, and these data are essentially the same as the results of previous investigators; (d) the autocorrelations of surface displacement and frequency spectra are consistent with the visual observations that the wind waves in the channel consist of nearly regular primary waves on which are superimposed smaller ripples; (e) energy in the high frequency range in the spectra tends to approach an equilibrium distribution rather quickly while the lower frequency components initially grow exponentially with increasing fetch but, later, tend to reach a state of equilibrium; and (f) a similarity shape for the frequency spectra developed

Micrometeorological wind tunnel facility: description and characteristics

CER63EJP-JEC9.Includes bibliographical references (pages 39).February 1963

AERODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY LAYERS.

Prepared as an account of work by the United States Government, this report talks about the Aerodynamic Characteristics of Atmospheric Boundary Layers

Comparison between wind waves at sea and in the laboratory

Correlations between laboratory and geophysical data are presented for certain statistical properties of wind waves. The parameters chosen include: (i) relationships between wave height and the height of the highest one-third or one-tenth waves, as given by a Rayleigh probability distribution, and (ii) amplitude spectra for waves, as given by Phillips\u27 equilibrium theory. The correlation between laboratory results and geophysical data is satisfactory over a wide range of wave size

Geometric Algebra Model of Distributed Representations

Formalism based on GA is an alternative to distributed representation models developed so far --- Smolensky's tensor product, Holographic Reduced Representations (HRR) and Binary Spatter Code (BSC). Convolutions are replaced by geometric products, interpretable in terms of geometry which seems to be the most natural language for visualization of higher concepts. This paper recalls the main ideas behind the GA model and investigates recognition test results using both inner product and a clipped version of matrix representation. The influence of accidental blade equality on recognition is also studied. Finally, the efficiency of the GA model is compared to that of previously developed models.Comment: 30 pages, 19 figure