4,733 research outputs found
Effect of an axial pre-load on the flexural vibrations of viscoelastic beams
Polymers are ultra-versatile materials that adapt to a myriad of applications, as they can be designed appropriately for specific needs. The realization of new compounds, however, requires the appropriate experimental characterizations, also from the mechanical point of view, which is typically carried out by analyzing the vibrations of beams, but which still have some unclear aspects, with respect to the well-known dynamics of elastic beams. To address this shortcoming, the paper deals with the theoretical modeling of a viscoelastic beam dynamics and pursues the elucidation of underlying how the flexural vibrations may be affected when an axial pre-load, compressive or tensile, is applied. The analytical model presented is able to shed light on a peculiar behavior, which is strongly related to the frequency-dependent damping induced by viscoelasticity. By considering as an example a real polymer, that is, a synthetic rubber, it is disclosed that an axial pre-load, in certain conditions, may enhance or suppress the oscillatory counterpart of a resonance peak of the beam, depending on both the frequency distribution of the complex modulus and the length of the beam. The analytical model is assessed by a finite element model, and it turns out to be an essential tool for understanding the dynamics of viscoelastic beams, typically exploited to experimentally characterize polymeric materials, and which could vary enormously simply through the application of constraints and ensued pre-loads
Effect of the shape and size of interfacial micro-cavities on the adhesion of elastic solids
Microstructuring surfaces may strongly affect the adhesive behaviour at the contact interface, resulting in enhanced or weakened adhesion depending on the geometry of the surface structures and material properties. In this study we investigate the effects of size, shape and geometrical distribution of micro-cavities on the adhesion between an elastic solid and a rigid substrate. We show that reducing the lattice size by keeping constant the cavity size, may significantly weak the adhesion strength of the interface as a consequence of the interaction of the elastic stress and deformation fields generated by each single microcavity
Hadronic Decays of Excited Heavy Mesons
We studied the hadronic decays of excited states of heavy mesons (D, D_s, B
and B_s) to lighter states by emission of pi, eta or K. Wavefunctions and
energy levels of these excited states are determined using a Dirac equation for
the light quark in the potential generated by the heavy quark (including first
order corrections in the heavy quark expansion). Transition amplitudes are
computed in the context of the Heavy Chiral Quark Model.Comment: 4 pages (incl. figures), proceedings of the IV International
Conference on "Hyperons, Charm and Beauty Hadrons", Valencia (Spain
Followers’ satisfaction from working with group-prototypic leaders: promotion focus as moderator
What is the effect of followers’ promotion focus on their satisfaction from working with a leader who is prototypic of their group? We propose that high (vs. low) promotion-focused followers will respond more positively to a group-prototypic leader as a way to advance the in-group (“promote us”), which would increase their satisfaction from working with that leader. Results from an organizational survey and a scenario experiment supported the predicted two-way interaction between promotion focus and leaders’ group prototypicality: the positive relation between leaders’ group prototypicality and followers’ satisfaction from working with their leader was significantly greater for high than low promotion-focused employees. No such interactive effect was found for employees’ level of prevention focus. We discuss how these findings extend social identity theory’s analysis of leadership
On dynamical probabilities, or: how to learn to shoot straight
© IFIP International Federation for Information Processing 2016.In order to support, for example, a quantitative analysis of various algorithms, protocols etc. probabilistic features have been introduced into a number of programming languages and calculi. It is by now quite standard to define the formal semantics of (various) probabilistic languages, for example, in terms of Discrete Time Markov Chains (DTMCs). In most cases however the probabilities involved are represented by constants, i.e. one deals with static probabilities. In this paper we investigate a semantical framework which allows for changing, i.e. dynamic probabilities which is still based on time-homogenous DTMCs, i.e. the transition matrix representing the semantics of a program does not change over time
Lifetime Ratios of Beauty Hadrons at the Next-to-Leading Order in QCD
We compute the next-to-leading order QCD corrections to spectator effects in
the lifetime ratios of beauty hadrons. With respect to previous calculations,
we take into account the non vanishing value of the charm quark mass. We obtain
the predictions tau(B+)/tau(Bd) = 1.06 +- 0.02, tau(Bs)/tau(Bd)= 1.00 +- 0.01
and tau(Lambdab)/tau(Bd) = 0.90 +- 0.05, in good agreement with the
experimental results. In the case of tau(Bs)/tau(Bd) and tau(Lambdab)/tau(Bd),
however, some contributions, which either vanish in the vacuum insertion
approximation or represent a pure NLO corrections, have not been determined
yet.Comment: 24 pages, 4 figure
The Mobius function of the small Ree groups
The M\"obius function for a group, , was introduced in 1936 by Hall in
order to count ordered generating sets of . In this paper we determine the
M\"obius function of the simple small Ree groups, where
for , using their 2-transitive permutation representation of
degree and describe their maximal subgroups in terms of this
representation. We then use this to determine Epi for
various , such as or the modular group , with
applications to Grothendieck's theory of dessins d'enfants as well as
probabilistic generation of the small Ree groups.Comment: Includes the determination of the M\"obius function for various
finitely presented groups, such as and with
applications to probabilistic generatio
Evaluation of spinal posture during gait with inertial measurement units
The increasing number of postural disorders emphasizes the central role of the vertebral spine during gait. Indeed, clinicians need an accurate and non-invasive method to evaluate the effectiveness of a rehabilitation program on spinal kinematics. Accordingly, the aim of this work was the use of inertial sensors for the assessment of angles among vertebral segments during gait. The spine was partitioned into five segments and correspondingly five inertial measurement units were positioned. Articulations between two adjacent spine segments were modeled with spherical joints, and the tilt–twist method was adopted to evaluate flexion–extension, lateral bending and axial rotation. In total, 18 young healthy subjects (9 males and 9 females) walked barefoot in three different conditions. The spinal posture during gait was efficiently evaluated considering the patterns of planar angles of each spine segment. Some statistically significant differences highlighted the influence of gender, speed and imposed cadence. The proposed methodology proved the usability of inertial sensors for the assessment of spinal posture and it is expected to efficiently point out trunk compensatory pattern during gait in a clinical context
Next-to-Leading Order QCD Corrections to Spectator Effects in Lifetimes of Beauty Hadrons
Theoretical predictions of beauty hadron lifetimes, based on the heavy quark
expansion up to and including order 1/mb^2, do not to reproduce the
experimental measurements of the lifetime ratios tau(B+)/tau(Bd) and
tau(Lambdab)/tau(Bd). Large corrections to these predictions come from
phase-space enhanced 1/mb^3 contributions, i.e. hard spectator effects. In this
paper we calculate the next-to-leading order QCD corrections to the Wilson
coefficients of the local operators appearing at O(1/mb^3). We find that these
corrections improve the agreement with the experimental data. The lifetime
ratio of charged to neutral B mesons, tau(B+)/tau(Bd), turns out to be in very
good agreement with the corresponding measurement, whereas for tau(Bs)/tau(Bd)
and tau(Lambdab)/tau(Bd) there is a residual difference at the 1-sigma level.
We discuss, however, why the theoretical predictions are less accurate in the
latter cases.Comment: 29 pages, 7 figures, uses epsf. Misprints in eqs. (28) and (52)
corrected. Results unchanged. Final version to appear on Nucl.Phys.
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