Small bowel enteroscopy - A joint clinical guideline from the spanish and portuguese small bowel study groups

The present evidence-based guidelines are focused on the use of device-assisted enteroscopy in the management of small-bowel diseases. A panel of experts selected by the Spanish and Portuguese small bowel study groups reviewed the available evidence focusing on the main indications of this technique, its role in the management algorithm of each indication and on its diagnostic and therapeutic yields. A set of recommendations were issued accordingly.Estas recomendações baseadas na evidência detalham o uso da enteroscopia assistida por dispositivo no manejo clínico das doenças do intestino delgado. Um conjunto de Gastrenterologistas diferenciados em patologia do intestino delgado foi selecionado pelos grupos de estudos Espanhol e Português de intestino delgado para rever a evidência disponível sobre as principais indicações desta técnica, o seu papel nos algoritmos de manejo de cada indicação e sobre o seu rendimento diagnóstico e terapêutico. Foi gerado um conjunto de recomendações pelos autores

Small Bowel Enteroscopy - A Joint Clinical Guideline by the Spanish and Portuguese Small-Bowel Study Groups

The present evidence-based guidelines are focused on the use of device-assisted enteroscopy in the management of small-bowel diseases. A panel of experts selected by the Spanish and Portuguese small-bowel study groups reviewed the available evidence focusing on the main indications of this technique, its role in the management algorithm of each indication, and its diagnostic and therapeutic yield. A set of recommendations was issued accordingly.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Early mobilisation in critically ill COVID-19 patients: a subanalysis of the ESICM-initiated UNITE-COVID observational study

Background Early mobilisation (EM) is an intervention that may improve the outcome of critically ill patients. There is limited data on EM in COVID-19 patients and its use during the first pandemic wave. Methods This is a pre-planned subanalysis of the ESICM UNITE-COVID, an international multicenter observational study involving critically ill COVID-19 patients in the ICU between February 15th and May 15th, 2020. We analysed variables associated with the initiation of EM (within 72 h of ICU admission) and explored the impact of EM on mortality, ICU and hospital length of stay, as well as discharge location. Statistical analyses were done using (generalised) linear mixed-effect models and ANOVAs. Results Mobilisation data from 4190 patients from 280 ICUs in 45 countries were analysed. 1114 (26.6%) of these patients received mobilisation within 72 h after ICU admission; 3076 (73.4%) did not. In our analysis of factors associated with EM, mechanical ventilation at admission (OR 0.29; 95% CI 0.25, 0.35; p = 0.001), higher age (OR 0.99; 95% CI 0.98, 1.00; p ≤ 0.001), pre-existing asthma (OR 0.84; 95% CI 0.73, 0.98; p = 0.028), and pre-existing kidney disease (OR 0.84; 95% CI 0.71, 0.99; p = 0.036) were negatively associated with the initiation of EM. EM was associated with a higher chance of being discharged home (OR 1.31; 95% CI 1.08, 1.58; p = 0.007) but was not associated with length of stay in ICU (adj. difference 0.91 days; 95% CI − 0.47, 1.37, p = 0.34) and hospital (adj. difference 1.4 days; 95% CI − 0.62, 2.35, p = 0.24) or mortality (OR 0.88; 95% CI 0.7, 1.09, p = 0.24) when adjusted for covariates. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that a quarter of COVID-19 patients received EM. There was no association found between EM in COVID-19 patients' ICU and hospital length of stay or mortality. However, EM in COVID-19 patients was associated with increased odds of being discharged home rather than to a care facility. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04836065 (retrospectively registered April 8th 2021)

Indicaciones y rendimiento diagnóstico de la cápsula endoscópica en el anciano

Resumen: Introducción y Objetivos: La creciente población anciana y el uso amplio de la endoscopia por cápsula han llevado a una cantidad mayor de procedimientos en aquellos pacientes. El objetivo del presente estudio fue valorar la utilidad de la endoscopia por cápsula en pacientes mayores. Materiales y Métodos: Se clasificó a todos los pacientes consecutivos en nuestro centro sometidos a cápsula endoscópica (CE) dentro del periodo de tiempo 2004-2016 como mayores (≥75 años) y más jóvenes. Los hallazgos y el rendimiento de diagnóstico se valoraron comparativamente. Resultados: De 2,311 pacientes (edad promedio: 59.5 ± 19.23 años, 44.48% hombres), 648 se encontraban en el grupo de mayores y 1,663 en el grupo de más jóvenes. El tiempo de tránsito gástrico fue más corto en los pacientes mayores (p=0.001), mientras que el tiempo de tránsito del intestino delgado fue más corto en el grupo de pacientes más jóvenes (p<0.001). El rendimiento de diagnóstico global fue más alto en los ancianos (50.66% vs. 41.19%, p<0.001). El sangrado gastrointestinal de origen oscuro fue la indicación más frecuente para la endoscopia por cápsula en los ancianos (90.4% vs. 53.77%, p<0.001), logrando un rendimiento de diagnóstico más alto que en la población más joven (51.47% vs. 42.76%, p=0.002), mientras que la enfermedad de Crohn, sospecha o conocimiento de neoplasmas/pólipos, síndrome de malabsorción, y dolor abdominal fueron las indicaciones en el grupo de pacientes más jovenes. Tales indicaciones fueron poco comunes en el grupo de mayores. Se diagnosticó con mayor frecuencia las lesiones vasculares y el sangrado activo en los pacientes mayores, mientras que las úlceras/erosiones y la atrofia muscular fueron más comúnes en los pacientes más jóvenes (p<0.001). Conclusiones: La endoscopia por cápsula logró un rendimiento de diagnóstico global más alto en los pacientes ancianos. La indicación de sangrado gastrointestinal de origen oscuro para endoscopia por cápsula fue mucho más frecuente en el grupo de edad avanzada y presentó un rendimiento de diagnóstico mayor. Abstract: Introduction and Aims: The growing elderly population and wide use of capsule endoscopy have led to a higher number of procedures in those patients. The aim of the present study was to assess the usefulness of capsule endoscopy in older patients. Materials and Methods: All consecutive patients undergoing capsule endoscopy at our center within the time frame of 2004-2016 were classified as older (≥75 years of age) and younger. Findings and diagnostic yield were comparatively assessed. Results: Of 2311 patients (mean age: 59.5 ± 19.23 years, 44.48% male), 648 were in the older group and 1663 in the younger group. Gastric transit time was shorter in the older patients (p=0.001), whereas small bowel transit time was shorter in the younger patients (p<0.001). Overall diagnostic yield in the elderly was higher (50.66% vs. 41.19%, p<0.001). Obscure gastrointestinal bleeding was the most frequent indication for capsule endoscopy in the elderly (90.4% vs. 53.77%, p<0.001), achieving a higher diagnostic yield than in the younger population (51.47% vs. 42.76%, p=0.002), whereas Crohn's disease, suspected or known neoplasms/polyps, malabsorption syndrome, and abdominal pain were the indications in the younger patient group. Such indications were rare in the older group. Vascular lesions and active bleeding were more frequently diagnosed in the older patients, whereas ulcers/erosions and mucosal atrophy were more common in the younger patients (p<0.001). Conclusions: Capsule endoscopy achieved a higher overall diagnostic yield in the elderly patients. Obscure gastrointestinal bleeding indication for capsule endoscopy was much more frequent in the advanced-age group and had a higher diagnostic yield. Palabras clave: Endoscopia por cápsula, Intestino delgado, Ancianos, Sangrado gastrointestinal de origen oscuro, Pacientes mayores, Keywords: Capsule endoscopy, Small bowel, Elderly, Obscure gastrointestinal bleeding, Older patient

Angioectasias in the elderly: Interpreting the data

We read with great interest the recent study by Nennstiel et al.1 As reported by the authors, capsule endoscopy has a higher diagnostic yield in the elderly presenting with small bowel (SB) bleeding,2 where such patients are more likely to present with overt bleeding compared to young patients. The clinical relevance of vascular lesions in elderly patients may be more challenging to determine, particularly in those with the presence of other comorbidities and polypharmacy. [...

Update in enteroscopy: New devices and new indications.

The present review provides an update of the currently available (proto-) types of device-assisted enteroscopy (DAE). In recent years, newly designed double- and single-balloon enteroscopes have emerged. They aim to improve insertion depth into the small bowel, and they also allow more efficient endoscopic interventions. Nowadays, almost all conventional endoscopic procedures are feasible using DAE, opening the door to new indications. Recently, more data have become available on pediatric DAE, DAE-assisted colonoscopy, and DAE in patients with altered anatomy, including DAE-assisted endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and direct cholangioscopy. Although new enteroscopes are being developed, few comparative studies are available in order to define which DAE suits best for each indication. It is the duty of the international endoscopy community to set up clinical research projects to provide answers to these open questions

Development of a new risk score for invasive cancer in branch-duct intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms according to morphological characterization by EUS

Background and Objective: The management of branch-duct intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (BD-IPMNs) is determined by a number of guidelines. The current weight of risk factors by EUS predicting invasive cancer is unknown. The aim of this study is to develop a risk score for early prediction of invasive cancer according to morphological characterization by EUS in a surgical cohort. Materials and Methods: This is an observational, multicenter retrospective study. All consecutive patients with a histologically proven BD-IPMN who underwent previous EUS between 2005 and 2017 were included. Morphological features by EUS were evaluated. A score using a logistic regression model was performed to assess the risk of invasive cancer. Results: Of 335 patients who underwent pancreatic surgery, 131 (median age: 66 years, 50.4%-male) were included. By multivariable analysis, lymph nodes (odds ratio [OR]: 17.7 [confidence interval (CI) 95%: 2.8-112.6], P = 0.002, 4 points), main pancreatic duct =10 mm (OR: 8.6 [CI 95%: 1.9-39.5], P = 0.006, 2 points), abrupt change of pancreatic duct (OR: 5.5 [CI 95%: 1.4-22.2], P = 0.016, 1.5 points), and solid component (OR: 4.2 [CI 95%: 1.3-13.6], P = 0.017, 1 point) were independent factors associated with invasive cancer and included in the model. The following categories of the score (0-8.5 points)-A (0-1), B (1.5-3), C (3.5-5), and D (5.5-8.5 points)-presented a positive predictive value of 8.5%, 38.9%, 62.5%, and 100%, respectively. The area under the curve was 0.857 (P < 0.001), with an overall sensitivity and specificity of 84% and 70% in the internal validation of the score. Conclusion: This EUS predictive score for invasive cancer in BD-IPMN has a high accuracy and could be an additional tool to consider in patient management

Endoscopic management of superficial nonampullary duodenal tumors: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Guideline

Main recommendations 1 ESGE recommends that all duodenal adenomas should be considered for endoscopic resection as progression to invasive carcinoma is highly likely. Strong recommendation, low quality evidence. 2 ESGE recommends performance of a colonoscopy, if that has not yet been done, in cases of duodenal adenoma. Strong recommendation, low quality evidence. 3 ESGE recommends the use of the cap-assisted method when the location of the minor and/or major papilla and their relationship to a duodenal adenoma is not clearly established during forward-viewing endoscopy. Strong recommendation, moderate quality evidence. 4 ESGE recommends the routine use of a side-viewing endoscope when a laterally spreading adenoma with extension to the minor and/or major papilla is suspected. Strong recommendation, low quality evidence. 5 ESGE suggests cold snare polypectomy for small (<6 mm in size) nonmalignant duodenal adenomas. Weak recommendation, low quality evidence. 6 ESGE recommends endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) as the first-line endoscopic resection technique for nonmalignant large nonampullary duodenal adenomas. Strong recommendation, moderate quality evidence. 7 ESGE recommends that endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for duodenal adenomas is an effective resection technique only in expert hands. Strong recommendation, low quality evidence. 8 ESGE recommends using techniques that minimize adverse events such as immediate or delayed bleeding or perforation. These may include piecemeal resection, defect closure techniques, noncontact hemostasis, and other emerging techniques, and these should be considered on a case-by-case basis. Strong recommendation, low quality evidence. 9 ESGE recommends endoscopic surveillance 3 months after the index treatment. In cases of no recurrence, a further follow-up endoscopy should be done 1 year later. Thereafter, surveillance intervals should be adapted to the lesion site, en bloc resection status, and initial histological result. Strong recommendation, low quality evidence