Assessment of Freshwater Bodies in Murmansk in Terms of Composition of Aquatic Invertebrates

The paper presents the results of analysis of hydrobiological samples of freshwater bodies of Murmansk (Lake Okunevoe, Lake Ledovoe and Lake Semyonovskoe). The number, degree of dominance and frequency of occurrence of organisms are determined. In Lake Ledovoe, the dominant species represent small organisms with simple life cycles and a high rate of reproduction. The taxonomic composition of water invertebrate community in the Lake Ledovoe highlights features of anthropogenic eutrophication. Several dominant species stand out in the ciliatocenosis of the Lake Okunevoe. The species diversity of micrzooplankton community is higher than in the Lake Ledovoe. In general, the Lake Okunevoe can be characterized as a water body with signs of ecosystem stability damage. The hydrobiocenoses of the Lake Semyonovskoe has the greatest species diversity. However, it is characterized by the tendency to decrease the species composition of organisms – indicators of clean waters. There are initial signs of anthropogenic eutrophication of the Lake Semyonovskoe. The waters of the studied lakes are characterized as β-mesosaprobic (moderately contaminated). It is generally noted that the fauna of water bodies is characterized by small species diversity. In lakes, there is a prevalence of small-sized organisms of heterotrophic nutrition. There is a stable decreasing tendency of species composition of hydrobionts and simplification of food chains in urban aquatic ecosystems subject to anthropogenic impact

Details of artificial reproduction of Atlantic salmon (Semga) at the Umba fish hatchery

The world's demand for fish products for food and industrial purposes has already significantly exceeded the reproduction capacity of wild fish. Further increasing exploitation of natural fish populations leads to a sharp reduction in their numbers and degradation of population biodiversity. The only way to solve the problem is to develop artificial reproduction of fish. This applies primarily to salmon, which are the most valuable and popular types of fish. In the Murmansk region, there are three fish hatcheries that carry out artificial reproduction of Atlantic salmon. Factory reproduction at the Umba Fish Hatchery (URZ) is currently an important and necessary process, since the plant is the only fish hatchery for reproductive purposes in the Tersk district. The article reveals the peculiarities of reproduction of Atlantic salmon (salmon) in the URZ. A brief description of the Umba River is given. The main fish-breeding activities are covered: catching and keeping of producers, collection of sexual products and fertilization, incubation of eggs, keeping of larvae and their transfer to external nutrition, factory tagging of juveniles, release of juveniles in the Umba River and its tributaries. The peculiarity of the Umba plant in contrast to the other two fish hatcheries of the Kola Peninsula is shown. The question of the necessity of the existence of the Umba fish hatchery and the prospects for its development is highlighted. The reasons for the decline in the number of salmon in Umba are listed. Recommendations for restoring the abundance and preserving the intraspecific biodiversity of the Umba River salmon are provided

The role played by the Umba fish hatchery in artificial reproduction and conservation of water biological resources in the Murmansk region

The article provides information on the need for artificial reproduction of water biological resources. It is shown that the conservation of biological diversity of fish, maintaining stocks of valuable fish species, preserving the natural habitat is impossible without effective measures in the field of artificial reproduction. A brief description of the activities of the Murmansk branch «Glavrybvod» is given. The greatest attention is paid to the oldest enterprise in the Murmansk region – the Umba fish hatchery. The historical information about the activity of this enterprise is given. An assessment of the current state of the Atlantic salmon stocks in the Umba River basin is given. The main problems of the fish-breeding enterprise are identified and analyzed: a high level of illegal fishing, the consequences of molten timber rafting and the influence of the activities of enterprises of the mining complex. Measures aimed at solving these problems are proposed. It has been proved that thanks to the fish breeders of the Umba fish hatchery, the stocks of the Atlantic salmon population of the Umba River are replenished. It is shown that a promising direction of the plant's activity is the cultivation of other valuable fish species (whitefish, pink salmon, brown trout), which will significantly contribute to the replenishment of valuable fish stocks in the water bodies of the Murmansk region. The role and importance of artificial reproduction and conservation of water biological resources will increase more and more as the anthropogenic impact on the environment intensifies. This type of activity will be the only way to preserve the commercial value of valuable species of fish and other biological resources, which makes artificial reproduction artificial reproduction one of the highest priorities in development of fishery system of the Russian Federation