CYTOKINE PROFILE IN WISTAR RATS WITH EXPERIMENTAL THYREOTOXICOSIS

In view of abundance of autoimmune diseases of thyroid, gland, Graves' disease in particular, the role of immune regulation and the possibility of controlling it by estimating the function of regulatory T-limphocytes are important questions today. Available for practical estimation of T- and B-lymphocytes tolerance disorder in GBD are serum, levels of Th1-and Th2-marker cytokines. Experimental exogenous thyreotoxicosis in Wistar rats showed significant increase in serum Il-1β, IFN-γ and Il-10 depending on the increase of thyroid hormones, as well as significant changes in correlation between pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines with the shift towards Th1-marker cytokines in supernatant thyroid glands of the animals with thyreotoxicosis

Content of mediators of innate immunity in the tears of patients with vascular and neurodegenerative manifestations of diabetic retinopathy

According to the results of recent studies, diabetic retinopathy can be considered not only as a vascular disease, but also as a neurodegenerative process. Study of the composition of the tear fluid is used to assess the state of local immunity in the development of eye diseases. However, studies examining the effect of tear composition in diabetic retinopathy are few. The aim of the study is to determine the levels of IL-1β, IL-10, TGF-β3, MMP-7, TIMP-2, protein S100b, BDNF and NGF in the tear fluid ofpatients with vascular and neurodegenerative manifestations of diabetic retinopathy. The study included 80 patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes which were divided into 2 groups: the 1st group included 40 patients who had no clinical signs of diabetic retinopathy on the fundus; the 2nd group included 40 patients with initial signs of non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy. All those included in the study were examined on an optical coherent tomograph RTVue-100 (USA); the volume of focal losses of retinal ganglion cells (FLV) was determined. An increase in FLV above the normative base of the device was regarded as an OCT-sign of retinal neurodegeneration. According to the results of OCT, the participants of the first and second groups were additionally divided into 4 subgroups: 1A — patients without vascular changes in the fundus and without OCT signs of retinal neurodegeneration (n = 12); 1B — patients without vascular changes in the fundus and with the presence of OCT signs of retinal neurodegeneration (n = 28); 2A — patients with initial non-proliferative DR and without OCT signs of retinal neurodegeneration (n = 10); and 2B — patients with initial non-proliferative DR and with OCT signs of retinal neurodegeneration (n = 30). The levels of IL-1β, IL-10, TGF-β3, MMP-7, TIMP-2, protein S100 b, BDNF, and NGF in tear fluid were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Levels of IL-1β and IL-10 in tear fluid in all subgroups were comparable to controls throughout the study. TGF-β3 content in the tear fluid of patients in the group with initial signs of non-proliferative DR (group 2) was significantly (p = 0.001) lower compared with control and group 2. However, there was no significant difference (p > 0.05) between subgroups A and B within groups. The concentration of MMP-7 in the tear fluid in all subgroups was significantly lower than in the control (p < 0.05). However, in the subgroups with OCT signs of retinal neurodegeneration (1B and 2B), the deficiency of this metalloproteinase was more pronounced (p = 0.0001). The levels of the neuropeptides under study NGF, BDNF and S100 B in tear fluid did not differ from controls in all subgroups

Comparative prevalence of atopic sensitization in the border areas between Russia and Finland

Current century has been highlighted with rise in allergic pathology, and environment markedly affects it via epigenetic mechanisms. Allergy research in Russia and Finland has been conducted for many years, of larger scale recorded in the latter, still being maintained over time. Atopy prevalence was studied in the border areas in both countries. The level of total, dietary, inhaled IgE level, as well as dietary and inhalation range were examined. The Phadiatop® radio allergen sorbent test was used (UniCAP 1000 v.2; Pharmacia Upjohn, Uppsala, Sweden), with cut-off point: IgE > 110 kUA/l and sIgE > 2.5 kUa/l and 0.35 kUA/l. The study was subdivided into 2 stages conducted during 2003 and 2010/2012 timeframe. Stage 1 was performed with children from Finland (n = 344), Russia (n = 427), aged 7—15 years, whereas stage 2 — 180 subjects (Finland, n = 98, Russia, n = 82). Results. It was found that total IgE level was higher in children from Finland. The inhaled sIgE in 2003 and 2010/2012 was higher among children from Finland, p = 0.019 and p = 0.027, showing temporal elevation. In 2003, dietary sIgE was higher among those from Finland (27.6% and 18.3%), p = 0.142, whereas in 2010/2012 it was decreased by 2- and 3-fold in subjects from Finland and Russia, respectively. In 2003, high atopy rate against dust mites, cats, timothy, birch, and dogs was found in Russia, which was increased at stage 2. Such parameter was most evidently elevated for timothy — by 2-fold, p = 0.176, wormwood — by 2-fold, p = 0.312, equine allergens — by 2-fold, p = 0.563, canine allergens — by 1.5-fold, mite — by 1.5-fold, p = 0.220. In 2003, atopy rate in Finland to canine allergens reached 26.5%, timothy — 24.5%, birch — 20.4%, feline allergens — 20.4%. In 2010, it was noted rise in atopy rate mainly to dust mites — by 2-fold, equine allergens — by 2-fold. In 2003, atopy rate in Russia to egg, milk, and wheat prevailed, whereas in Finland it was mostly found against milk, nuts, wheat, eggs, in both cases declined in dynamics. Interestingly, no sensitization to fish in subjects from Russia and Finland was observed at both stages. Finally, at the stage 2 dietary atopy rate was declined in both countries. Differences in atopic sensitization as well as during 7—9 year follow-up observation were preserved between both subject cohorts from Finland and Russia

STUDYING OF APPLICATION IMMUNOMODULATOR «GALAVIT» AT EXPERIMENTAL ATHEROSCLEROSIS

The changes of the cytokines and lipidic spectrum at experimental hyperlipoidemia and arterial hypertensia was made at 20 rats «Vistar» during 6 months. As the material of research was the blood serum. The cytokines was made by the method solid-phase not competitive immune-enzyme analysis with the use of sets: Rat «R&D Diagnostics Inc.», USA. The content of the general cholesterol; triglycerides; LDL; HDL was investigated by the method of standard colorimetric analysis with the use of reagents «Olveks diagnosticum» (Russia). The increasing of the general cholesterol, LDL; HDL, atherogenic coefficient, IFN-γ and IL-1β in blood of animals was revealed. At application of immunomodulator «Galavit» at experimental atherosclerosis the decreasing contains of IL-1, IFN-γ, the level of general cholesterol; LDL; HDL, atherogenic coefficient is fixed

ROLE OF CYTOKINE-MEDIATED MECHANISMS IN DEVELOPMENT OF POST-TRAUMATIC MANDIBULAR OSTEOMYELITIS

Osteomyelitis of the lower jaw is one of the urgent problems of modern medicine. There are many reasons for the evolvement of purulent necrotic processes of the jaw bones, including the role of disorders in the systems of innate and adaptive immunity. The aim of the study was to determine the content of TNFα, IL-17, IL-4 in serum and mixed saliva in patients with uncomplicated mandibular fractures and posttraumatic osteomyelitis to determine the possibility of using these indicators for early diagnosis of posttraumatic complications. The article presents the results of a study of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), interleukin-17 (IL-17) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) cytokines in serum and mixed saliva in patients with uncomplicated mandibular fracture and post-traumatic osteomyelitis at the first and tenth days of observation. By means of single-layer neural networks, binary classifiers were built, allowing patients to be stratified by the clinical form of the disease and to predict its course. The probability of uncomplicated mandibular fracture is described by the ratio P = 1/(1+e-z), where the index z is determined by the level of TNFα, IL-17, and IL-4 at the first and tenth day of observation. The simulation confirmed high prognostic significance of serum TNFα and IL-17 for early verification of posttraumatic osteomyelitis, which was confirmed by the OTC and ROC indices, which varied from 87 to 100% in different models. Models 4 and 5, where TNFα recorded on the tenth day of the study was used as predictors, and a combination of TNFα and IL-17 obtained on the first day of hospitalization, were the most accurate. Modeling the results of the study of immunological indicators in the mixed saliva showed that the predictive properties have only IL-4 and IL-17, was on the tenth day of hospitalization that distinguishes these binary classifiers from similar indexes, derive from the levels of cytokines in blood serum. The results of the study indicate the important role of disorders in the system of рro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in pathogenesis of post-traumatic osteomyelitis

Predatory Bacteria: A Potential Ally against Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Pathogens

Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria have emerged as a serious threat to human and animal health. Bdellovibrio spp. and Micavibrio spp. are Gram-negative bacteria that prey on other Gram-negative bacteria. In this study, the ability of Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus and Micavibrio aeruginosavorus to prey on MDR Gram-negative clinical strains was examined. Although the potential use of predatory bacteria to attack MDR pathogens has been suggested, the data supporting these claims is lacking. By conducting predation experiments we have established that predatory bacteria have the capacity to attack clinical strains of a variety of ß-lactamase-producing, MDR Gram-negative bacteria. Our observations indicate that predatory bacteria maintained their ability to prey on MDR bacteria regardless of their antimicrobial resistance, hence, might be used as therapeutic agents where other antimicrobial drugs fail. © 2013 Kadouri et al

Changes in patterns of morbidity and mortality from diseases of the circulatory system (on the example of Orenburg region)

The article analyzes the morbidity and mortality of the population ot the Orenburg region due to diseases of the circulatory system. In the structure of primary morbidity of the studied class is dominated by cerebrovascular disease (25,3%), diseases characterized by high blood pressure (19,3%) and coronaryheart disease (18,3%). In the structure of total incidence slightly less than half of all cases have disease characterized by high blood pressure (41,9%). And the overall incidence of this group of diseases has no tendency to decrease (in 2009 -1 32,5%o, and in 2013 - is 146,1%o). Against the background of high mortality rates of population mortality from circulatory diseases decreased by 13,3%; higher values are observed among the rural population, although their mortality rate from circulatory diseases decreased. Rates of primary morbidity level overthe past year has risen sharply, although the total incidence and as a result chronic forms of diseases of the circulatory system predominate.В статье представлены результаты анализа уровней и структуры заболеваемости и смертности населения Оренбургской области по причине болезней системы кровообращения. Установлено, что в регионе за последний год уровень первичной заболеваемости болезнями системы кровообращения резко повысился, в структуре преобладали цереброваскулярные болезни (25,3%), болезни, характеризующиеся повышенным кровяным давлением (19,3%) и ишемическая болезнь сердца (18,3%). Уровень общей заболеваемости населения болезнями системы кровообращения не имел тенденции к снижению (в 2009 году - 132,5%©, в 2013 году - 146,1%о). В структуре общей заболеваемости первое место занимали болезни, характеризующиеся повышенным кровяным давлением (41,9%). За период 2010 - 2014 годов на фоне высоких показателей общей смертности населения зарегистрировано снижение (на 13,3%) уровня смертности от болезней системы кровообращения, хотя среди сельского населения сохранялся более высокий уровень данного показателя

Shotgun metagenomic data on the human stool samples to characterize shifts of the gut microbial profile after the Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy

© 2017 The Authors The shotgun sequencing data presented in this report are related to the research article named “Gut microbiome shotgun sequencing in assessment of microbial community changes associated with H. pylori eradication therapy” (Khusnutdinova et al., 2016) [1]. Typically, the H. pylori eradication protocol includes a prolonged two-week use of the broad-spectrum antibiotics. The presented data on the whole-genome sequencing of the total DNA from stool samples of patients before the start of the eradication, immediately after eradication and several weeks after the end of treatment could help to profile the gut microbiota both taxonomically and functionally. The presented data together with those described in Glushchenko et al. (2017) [2] allow researchers to characterize the metagenomic profiles in which the use of antibiotics could result in dramatic changes in the intestinal microbiota composition. We perform 15 gut metagenomes from 5 patients with H. pylori infection, obtained through the shotgun sequencing on the SOLiD 5500 W platform. Raw reads are deposited in the ENA under project ID PRJEB21338

Топливноэнергетические ресурсы на базе энергоэкономных технологий и технических средств в сельском хозяйстве

The state and efficiency of the use of the energy supply systems in agriculture were analyzed. It is demonstrated that grids and power equipment deterioration exceeds 30 percent, and fuel volume-efficiency ratio is not more than 35 percent in this sector. A considerable part of the country territory (mainly the northern one) does not have centralized power supply. Decentralized cogeneration systems with extensive use of renewable energy sources and local energy recourses are highly efficient for this part. A necessity of development of methodology and recommendations for the selection of efficient systems and technical means of power supply to agricultural enterprises was substantiated with due consideration of their location, load intensity and distance from centralized grids. The most important indication of energy efficiency is energy intensity of products and energy inputs share in the production cost. Reserves for energy saving including the development of energy-efficient technologies and technical means, some of which have already been developed (equipment for lighting, microclimate, primary treatment and storage of products, disinfection) or are at the completion stage were presented. Their implementation in agricultural production will make it possible to raise considerably the efficiency of the use of fuel and power resources and to reduce energy consumption. The conditions in which the use of decentralized power supply systems is most efficient were educed. The characteristics of related equipment and the specifics of its use at agricultural enterprises are described. The proposal and priority actions for the development and upgrading of power supply systems for agriculture have been elaborated.Представили анализ состояния и эффективности использования систем энергообеспечения в сельском хозяйстве. Показали, что износ сетей и энергооборудования превышает 30 процентов, а коэффициент полезного использования топлива составляет не более 35 процентов. Отметили, что значительная часть территории страны (в основном северная) не имеет централизованного энергоснабжения. Для нее в большей степени эффективны децентрализованные комбинированные системы с широким использованием возобновляемых источников энергии и местных энергоресурсов. Обосновали необходимость разработки методологии и рекомендаций по выбору эффективных систем и технических средств энергообеспечения сельских объектов с учетом их места расположения, величины нагрузки, удаленности от централизованных сетей. Важнейший показатель энергоэффективности - энергоемкость продукции и доля энергозатрат в себестоимости. Показали резервы энергосбережения, включающие разработку энергоэффективных технологий и технических средств, ряд из которых уже разработан (оборудование для освещения, микроклимата, первичной обработки и хранения продукции, обеззараживания) или находится в стадии завершения. Их реализация в сельхозпроизводстве позволит значительно повысить эффективность использования топливно-энергетических ресурсов и снизить энергозатраты. Выявили условия, при которых важно наиболее эффективно использовать децентрализованные системы энергоснабжения. Привели характеристики оборудования и особенности его использования в сельхозпредприятиях. Разработали предложения и первоочередные мероприятия по совершенствованию и модернизации систем энергообеспечения на селе