520 research outputs found
Wave packet dynamics in a monolayer graphene
The dynamics of charge particles described by Gaussian wave packet in
monolayer graphene is studied analytically and numerically. We demonstrate that
the shape of wave packet at arbitrary time depends on correlation between the
initial electron amplitudes and on the
sublattices and correspondingly (i.e. pseudospin polarization). For the
transverse pseudospin polarization the motion of the center of wave packet
occurs in the direction perpendicular to the average momentum . Moreover, in this case the initial wave packet splits
into two parts moving with opposite velocities along . If the
initial direction of pseudospin coincides with average momentum the splitting
is absent and the center of wave packet is displaced at along the same
direction. The results of our calculations show that all types of motion
experience {\it zitterbewegung}. Besides, depending on initial polarization the
velocity of the packet center may have the constant component ,
where is the Fermi velocity and is a function of
the parameter ( is the initial width of wave packet). As a result,
the direction of the packet motion is determined not only by the orientation of
the average momentum, but mainly by the phase difference between the up- and
low- components of the wave functions. Similar peculiarities of the dynamics of
2D electron wave packet connected with initial spin polarization should take
place in the semiconductor quantum well under the influence of the Rashba
spin-orbit coupling.Comment: 7 pages, 8 figures, to be published in Phys. Rev.
Wave packet dynamics in hole Luttinger systems
For hole systems with an effective spin 3/2 we analyzed analytically and
numerically the evolution of wave packets with the different initial
polarizations. The dynamics of such systems is determined by the
Luttinger Hamiltonian. We work in the space of arbitrary superposition of
light- and heavy-hole states of the "one-particle system". For 2D packets we
obtained the analytical solution for the components of wave function and
analyzed the space-time dependence of probability densities as well as angular
momentum densities. Depending on the value of the parameter ( is
the average momentum vector and is the packet width) two scenarios of
evolution are realized. For the initial wave packet splits into two
parts and the coordinates of packet center experience the transient
oscillations or {\it Zitterbewegung} (ZB) as for other two-band systems. In the
case when remains
almost cylindrically symmetric and the ripples arise at the circumference of
wave packet. The ZB in this case is absent. We evaluated and visualized for
different values of parameter the space-time dependence of angular momentum
densities, which have the multipole structure. It was shown that the average
momentum components can precess in the absence of external or effective
magnetic fields due to the interference of the light- and heavy hole states.
For localized initial states this precession has a transient character.Comment: 9 pages, 8 gigur
Problems of training scientific staff in russian high school : aspect globalization
The modern Russian higher school in the conditions of globalization undergoes the period of transformations. Calls of time define need of society for a highly qualified scientific personnel, for improvement of quality of their preparation. However the education system satisfies this need for insufficient degree. Discrepancy of low level of training and high need of society for them is socially significant problem. In article problems of preparation of scientific shots at the higher school of modern Russia in the conditions of globalization are characterized, prospects of development of a problem are defined and measures to its decision are developed.Современная российская высшая школа в условиях глобализации претерпевает период противоречивых и качественно новых трансформаций. Вызовы времени определяют потребность общества в высококвалифицированных научных кадрах, в повышении качества и глубины их подготовки. Однако современная система образования удовлетворяет данную потребность в недостаточной степени. Несоответствие достаточно низкого уровня подготовки научных кадров и высокой потребности общества в данных кадрах является социально значимой проблемой, от решения которой зависит динамика развития нашей страны и уровень её конкурентоспособности на мировой арене. В данной статье охарактеризованы проблемы подготовки научных кадров в высшей школе современной России в условиях глобализации, определены перспективы развития проблемы и разработаны меры по её решению
Graphene superlattice with periodically modulated Dirac gap
Graphene-based superlattice (SL) formed by a periodic gap modulation is
studied theoretically using a Dirac-type Hamiltonian. Analyzing the dispersion
relation we have found that new Dirac points arise in the electronic spectrum
under certain conditions. As a result, the gap between conduction and valence
minibands disappears. The expressions for the position of these Dirac points in
-space and threshold value of the potential for their emergence were
obtained. At some parameters of the system, we have revealed interface states
which form the top of the valence miniband.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, accepted to Physical Review
Space-time evolution of Dirac wave packets
In this work we study the dynamics of free 3D relativistic Gaussian wave
packets with different spin polarization. We analyze the connection between the
symmetry of initial state and the dynamical characteristics of moving particle.
The corresponding solutions of Dirac equation having different types of
symmetry were evaluated analytically and numerically and after that the
electron probability densities, as well as, the spin densities were visualized.
The average values of velocity of the packet center and the average spin were
calculated analytically, and the parameters of transient Zitterbewegung in
different directions were obtained. These results can be useful for the
interpretation of future experiments with trapped ions.Comment: 10 pages, 7 figure
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