74 research outputs found
Security in Process: Detecting Attacks in Industrial Process Data
Due to the fourth industrial revolution, industrial applications make use of
the progress in communication and embedded devices. This allows industrial
users to increase efficiency and manageability while reducing cost and effort.
Furthermore, the fourth industrial revolution, creating the so-called Industry
4.0, opens a variety of novel use and business cases in the industrial
environment. However, this progress comes at the cost of an enlarged attack
surface of industrial companies. Operational networks that have previously been
phyiscally separated from public networks are now connected in order to make
use of new communication capabilites. This motivates the need for industrial
intrusion detection solutions that are compatible to the long-term operation
machines in industry as well as the heterogeneous and fast-changing networks.
In this work, process data is analysed. The data is created and monitored on
real-world hardware. After a set up phase, attacks are introduced into the
systems that influence the process behaviour. A time series-based anomaly
detection approach, the Matrix Profiles, are adapted to the specific needs and
applied to the intrusion detection. The results indicate an applicability of
these methods to detect attacks in the process behaviour. Furthermore, they are
easily integrated into existing process environments. Additionally, one-class
classifiers One-Class Support Vector Machines and Isolation Forest are applied
to the data without a notion of timing. While Matrix Profiles perform well in
terms of creating and visualising results, the one-class classifiers perform
poorly
Meta-analysis of endoscopy and surgery versus surgery alone for common bile duct stones with the gallbladder in situ
Background: There is no clear consensus on the better therapeutic
approach (endoscopic versus surgical) to choledocholithiasis. This study
is a meta-analysis of the available evidence.
Methods: A search of the Medline and ISI databases identified 12 studies
that met the inclusion criteria for data extraction. The analysis was
performed using a random-effects model. The outcome was calculated as an
odds ratio (OR) or relative risk (RR) with 95 per cent confidence
intervals (c.i.).
Results: Outcomes of 1357 patients were studied. There was no
significant difference in successful duct clearance (OR 0.85 (95 per
cent c.i. 0.64 to 1.12); P = 0.250), mortality (RR 1.79 (95 per cent
c.i. 0.66 to 4.83); P = 0.250), total morbidity (RR 0.89 (95 per cent
0.71 c.i. to 1.13); P = 0.350), major morbidity (RR 1.34 (95 per cent
c.i. 0.92 to 1.97); P = 0.130) or need for additional procedures (OR
1.37 (95 per cent c.i. 0.82 to 2.29); P = 0.230) between the endoscopic
and surgical groups. There was also no significant difference between
the endoscopic and laparoscopic surgery groups.
Conclusion: Both approaches have similar outcomes, and treatment should
be determined by local resources and expertise
Laparoscopic fenestration for the treatment of patients with severe adult polycystic liver disease
Background: The purpose of this study was to present our experience in
laparoscopic fenestration for patients with severe symptomatic adult
polycystic liver disease (APLD), analyze its feasibility, and evaluate
its immediate and mid-term outcome.
Methods: Between January 2000 and January 2002, 9 patients underwent
laparoscopic fenestration for symptomatic APLD in our laparoendoscopic
unit. All patients had both liver lobes affected with Multiple cysts,
whereas type If disease (present in 8 patients) was not a
contraindication for the procedure. The results were retrospectively
evaluated.
Results: Conversion to laparotomy was required in 1 patient who was
submitted to a second laparoscopic procedure (2 years postoperatively)
after being admitted to our department with sepsis. Complete regression
of symptoms was achieved in 7 of our patients (77.8 %). One death
occurred because of acute renal failure established 5 weeks after the
patient was discharged. During a mean follow-up of 25.8 months, 2
patients presented with recurrence of their symptoms (22.2 %). One of
them was reoperated on; both of them remain symptom free 14 months
postoperatively.
Conclusions: Laparoscopic fenestration appears to be a useful and
effective approach for severe APLD. It is associated with short hospital
stay and a significant symptom-free period. Despite the reported
morbidity, aggressive and meticulous deroofing of as many cysts as
possible can be successfully applied for carefully Selected patients
with type II disease. (C) 2005 Excerpta Medica Inc. All rights reserved
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