82 research outputs found
PREPARATIONS BASED ON WOOD-DECAY FUNGI
There is a large variety of basidiomycetes in the world including xylotrophicfungi which pharmacological properties are scarcely studied. So they are a promising research object for pharmacology, biotechnology, medicine, and veterinary medicine. This paper considers ways to create medicines based on wood-destroying fungi, producing pronounced immune stimulating effect, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antitumor activity
Π‘ΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² Π Π΅ΡΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΠ»
Modern regional economic development is inseparably linked with theΒ development of the human potential of the region under study, the mainΒ contribution to the formation of which is made by the demographic processesΒ of the region. The study of these processes, their dynamics, developmentΒ trends, factors of their formation is necessary for presenting a contemporaryΒ picture of the mutual influence of social, demographic and economicΒ processes. The relevance of this study is related to the increasing role ofΒ demographic processes in the social and economic development of the region.Β The review of domestic and foreign studies related to the study of economicΒ and demographic processes made it possible to identify the need for aΒ more detailed analysis of forming the population age structure, the variousΒ development types of which may have different effects on the processes ofΒ shaping the labor resources of the region.Β The purpose of the study is a statistical analysis of the dynamics of indicatorsΒ of the demographic development of the Republic of Mari El and theΒ identifi cation of major socio-economic trends that affect the formation ofΒ the age and sex structure of the population.Β To achieve this goal, a number of tasks were accomplished: the indicatorsΒ of the demographic development of the Republic of Mari El for 2000-2017Β were collected and processed; the qualitative changes in the demographicΒ structure of the Republic were defi ned; the factors of change in the sex andΒ age structure of the population were determined; the role of demographicΒ trends in various stages of forming labor resources of the Republic of Mari ElΒ was outlined; the conclusions were drawn about the nature of the dynamicsΒ of natural growth and the role of the age structure in the change in the birthΒ rate and mortality of the region under study; the forecast of the dynamics ofΒ the number of population age cohorts in the Republic of Mari El up to 2056Β was made; the conclusions were drawn on the type of reproduction of theΒ Republic of Mari El population.Β The collection of indicators reflecting the structure and dynamics ofΒ the population, migration trends, birth rate, mortality, health and otherΒ demographic characteristics in terms of the age structure of the populationΒ and the type of residence made it possible to draw conclusions about theΒ main factors of the demographic development of the Republic of Mari El.Β First, it is the population structure that forms the Republicβs reproductive andΒ labor potential, as well as the migration behavior of the Republic of Mari ElΒ population. Secondly, the incidence rate, affecting both the mortality rate inΒ the region, and the birth rate. Thirdly, the way of life, which is the catalyst forΒ many socio-demographic processes taking place in the Republic. Fourthly,Β the standard of living, which includes both the material living conditions and the infrastructure of the Republic. This factor, combined with the way of life, forms the conditions for reducing mortality and increasing the birth rate in the Republic; it determines migration trends: a region with a high standard of living is easier to attract immigrants, fewer inhabitants of a competitive region will want to leave it. Detailing the process of forming the demographic potential allowed to make a forecast of the future size and sex-age structure of the population of the Republic of Mari El. Using the age-shifting method, the following indicators were obtained: total population, working-age population, demographicburden factors, etc. Each indicator was presented in three variants of the forecast: high, low and medium, which allowed drawing conclusions about the future trends of socio-economic development under the infl uence ofvarious factors.Π‘ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΠ²Π½ΠΎΒ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½ΠΎ Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π° ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°,Β ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ Π² ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅Β ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°. ΠΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ², ΠΈΡ
Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ, ΡΠ΅Π½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΉΒ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ, ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΒ Π°ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ½Ρ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
, Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Β ΠΈ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ². ΠΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΒ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π° Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΡ Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°.Β ΠΠ±Π·ΠΎΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈ Π·Π°ΡΡΠ±Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΒ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΎ-Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ» Π²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΡΒ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π² Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π΅ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉΒ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΈΠΏΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡΒ ΠΏΠΎ-ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠ²Β ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°.Β Π¦Π΅Π»ΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈΒ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ Π Π΅ΡΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΠ» ΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅Π½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΉ, ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ
Β Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ.Β ΠΠ»Ρ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ Π±ΡΠ» ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ ΡΡΠ΄ Π·Π°Π΄Π°Ρ: ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π½ΡΒ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ Π Π΅ΡΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΈΒ ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΠ» Π·Π° 2000β2017 Π³Π³.; Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²Β Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΈ; ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ; ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅Π½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΉ Π² ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ°ΠΏΠ°Ρ
ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Β ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠ² Π ΠΠ; ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π°Π½Ρ Π²ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΎ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΒ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΡΠ° ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ Π² ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΒ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°; ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π°Π½ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ· Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π Π΅ΡΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΠ» Π΄ΠΎ 2056 Π³Π³.;Β ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π°Π½Ρ Π²ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΏΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π° Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π ΠΠ.Β Π‘Π±ΠΎΡ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ², ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΒ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΌΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΡΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ, ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ, Π·Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π² ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ΅Π·Π΅ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉΒ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠΏΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ» ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π°ΡΡ Π²ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΎΠ±Β ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ
Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ Π Π΅ΡΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΠ».Β ΠΠΎ-ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΡ
, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ° Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΡΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΉΒ ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π» ΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΈ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΌΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅Β Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π ΠΠ. ΠΠΎ-Π²ΡΠΎΡΡΡ
, ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ, Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΠΉΒ Π½Π° ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π½Π° ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π² ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π΅, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ.Β Π-ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡ
, ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π· ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ, ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ², ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ
Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ΅. Π-ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΡ
,Β ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈΒ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΈ. ΠΡΠΎΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ΅ Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠΌ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈΒ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈΒ Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ΅; ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΌΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΈ: Π² ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½ Ρ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΌΒ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ΠΌ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ Π»Π΅Π³ Π»Π΅Π³ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅ΡΡ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΎΠ², ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅Π΅ ΡΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎ ΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉΒ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π° Π·Π°Ρ
ΠΎΡΡΡ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡ.Β ΠΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π°Β ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ»Π° ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ· Π±ΡΠ΄ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉΒ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π Π΅ΡΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΠ». ΠΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°Β ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠΊΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ² Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ: ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΒ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΒ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°, ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΡ Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π½Π°Π³ΡΡΠ·ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ Π΄Ρ. ΠΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠΉΒ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ Π±ΡΠ» ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ Π² ΡΡΠ΅Ρ
Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ·Π°: Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌ,Β Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π°ΡΡ Π²ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΎ Π±ΡΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅Π½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΡ
Β ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ²
Relationship of expression of the topoisomerase βiiΞ± enzy and the size of tumors belonging to different molecular biological subtypes of breast cancer
In this articl, we analyzed the age-related features of molecular- biological subtypes in 766 patients with invasive breast cancer. All cases were divided into 5 molecular- biological subtypes based on immunohistochemical studies of hormone receptors, Her2, Ki-67 in all cases the level of expression of the nuclear enzyme topoisomerase-iiΞ± (Top-iiΞ±) was also determined. In 670 cases, the size of the tumor (T) was known which the result of its proliferative activity is. According to the results of linear correlation analysis, only in the βtriple negativeβ subtype between Top-iiΞ± expression and tumor size (T) a weak correlation was found and moderate correlation between tumor size (T) and metastasis to regional lymph nodes (N) (Pearson coefficient: r = 0.34; r = 0.43, respectively), which reflects the aggressive behavior of this breast cancer subtype.Π Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ² Ρ 766 Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°Π·ΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Ρ. ΠΡΠ΅ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΠΈ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ Π½Π° 5 ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ² Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΠΊ Π³ΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΠ½Π°ΠΌ, Her2, Ki-67, ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ
Π±ΡΠ» ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° ΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π·Π°-iiΞ± (Top-iiΞ±). Π 670 ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ
Π±ΡΠ» ΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ (Π’), ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠΌ Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. ΠΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌ Π»ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π² Β«ΡΡΠΎΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π½Π΅Π³Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΌΒ» ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΈΠΏΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ Top-iiΞ± ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ (Π’) ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Π° ΡΠ»Π°Π±Π°Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Ρ ΠΈ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ (T) ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π² ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π»ΠΈΠΌΡΠΎΡΠ·Π»Ρ (N) (ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ½Π°: r=0,34; r=0,43 ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ), ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ°Π΅Ρ Π°Π³ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΈΠΏΠ° Π ΠΠ
ΠΠΊΠ·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΠΠ: Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΡ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡ ΡΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ Π°?
The aim of the research is to clear up the influence of examination stress on the results of completing examination papers by students in the situation of trial General and Unified State Examinations, imitating the real-life environment of unified state certification of schoolchildren. The tasks of the research included determining the dynamics of psychophysiological stress indices at different examination stages, and evaluating additional factors (the subject in which the examination is held, the strategy of solving the variant, success of solving the task etc.), influencing the quantity and quality of stress reactions at the examination.The novelty of the research is in the attempt to overcome the problem of confusing the notions of examination stress and examination anxiety, caused by metering the studentsβ state either before or after the examination. The technology of online monitoring the studentsβ psychophysiological state is used in the work, which makes it possible to eliminate a number of restrictions occurring during subjective evaluation of the state by the students themselves. Telemetric cardiorhythmography was chosen as the basic method. The method is based on a three-component model of extreme states with consequent domination of one of the three stress-reactive systems. A cardiointervalogramm was being registered in the research process in the online mode and underwent spectral analysis. The following indices of heart rate variability were recorded in order to determine stress reactions: the total power of the spectrum (TP), the spectrum power in low-frequency (LF) and high-frequency (HF) regions, and a vegetative balance index (relation of the spectrum powers in low-frequency and high-frequency regions (LF/HF)). When the total power of the heart rate fell and, at the same time, the vegetative balance index rose, a conclusion was made of there being a stress reaction. Twenty-five students of an illustrious school were examined. Stress reactions were already recorded when the students read the instructions, and their number increased in the process of the examination, reaching the maximum by the end of completing the work. The analysis of subjective evaluation of the state by the students themselves reveals that they often evaluate it inadequately. Significant statistical differences were found between the levels of stress at examinations in different subjects. The highest stress level was recorded at the examination in Russian. It was revealed, that the students who chose a free strategy of completing the tasks and followed it, had fewer stress reactions than those who completed the tasks one by one. The differences in the stress levels were registered between students who got different grades: the students who were graded βgoodβ, had the most stress reactions, those who were graded βsatisfactoryβ, had the fewest stress reactions.The results of the study show that the General and Unified State Examinations are highly stressful events: in average, the students were under stress about one third of the time of completing the exam tasks. The given events have a significant impact on school leaversβ psychophysiological state. Additional factors were determined that cause stress reactions at the examination.Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ β ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΊΠ·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° Π½Π° ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΊΠ·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΡ Π² ΡΠΈΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΠ±ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΊΠ·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ², ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠΎΡΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ². Π Π·Π°Π΄Π°ΡΠ°ΠΌ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° Π½Π° ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ°ΠΏΠ°Ρ
ΡΠΊΠ·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π°, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ° Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² (ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΌΠ΅Ρ, ΠΏΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΡΡ ΡΠΊΠ·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½, ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΠ°, ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊ Π΄Π°Π»Π΅Π΅), ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ
Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ-ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ Π½Π° ΡΠΊΠ·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅.ΠΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ·Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° ΠΈ ΡΠΊΠ·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, Π²ΡΠ·Π²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡ, ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎ, Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΠΊΠ·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π°. Π ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ½-Π»Π°ΠΉΠ½ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ½Π³Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡ, ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠ½ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ΄ ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ. Π ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° Π±ΡΠ»Π° Π²ΡΠ±ΡΠ°Π½Π° ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ Π½Π° ΡΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ c ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ· ΡΡΠ΅Ρ
ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ-ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ. Π ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»Π°ΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠΎΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ°, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²Π΅ΡΠ³Π°Π»Π°ΡΡ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Ρ. ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ β ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΈΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π±Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΡΠΌΠ°: ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Ρ ΠΌΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ° (TP), ΠΌΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ° Π² ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΈΡ
(LF) ΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡ (HF) ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Π΄Π΅ΠΊΡ Π²Π΅Π³Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±Π°Π»Π°Π½ΡΠ° (ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ° Π² ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡ (LF/HF)). ΠΡΠΈ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΡΠΌΠ° ΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Π΄Π΅ΠΊΡΠ° Π²Π΅Π³Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±Π°Π»Π°Π½ΡΠ° Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Π»ΡΡ Π²ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎ Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ β ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΡΠ»ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ 25 ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² Π°ΠΊΠ°Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π³ΠΈΠΌΠ½Π°Π·ΠΈΠΈ.Π‘ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ-ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΈΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ Ρ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡ ΡΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΡΠΊΠ·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π°, Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ³Π°Ρ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΡΠΌΠ° ΠΊ Π·Π°Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ. ΠΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΡΡΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠΊ ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π½Π΅Π°Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠ²Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎ. ΠΠ±Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ΠΌ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° Π½Π° ΡΠΊΠ·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π°Ρ
ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΌ. ΠΠ°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° Π·Π°ΡΠΈΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ Π½Π° ΡΠΊΠ·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠ·ΡΠΊΡ. ΠΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΡΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ±ΠΈΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ Π΅ΠΉ, ΠΈΡΠΏΡΡΡΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ-ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ, ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ΅, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π·Π°Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΊΡ. ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡ Π² ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΡ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ²ΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ: Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ Π·Π°ΡΠΈΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ Ρ ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ², ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ²ΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΡ Β«Ρ
ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΒ», ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Ρ ΡΠ΅Ρ
, ΠΊΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ» Β«ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΒ».Π ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΠΠ ΠΈ ΠΠΠ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΉΠ½Π΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ: Π² ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΌ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΊΠ° ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π·Π°Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π° Π½Π°Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΡ Π² ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°. ΠΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΡΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ². ΠΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡ, ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ β ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ Π½Π° ΡΠΊΠ·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅
Study of the frequency of expression of epidermal growth factor HER2 on breast carcinoma cells in patients of different ages
The article considers the age structure of breast cancer patients with different HER2 status. 722 samples of invasive breast carcinoma were examined using histological, immunohistochemical (IHC) and statistical methods. All the studied cases of breast cancer were divided into 6 groups according to the age of the patients: group 1-women under 30, group 2-30-40 years (with preserved menstrual-ovarian function), group 3 β 41-50 years, group 4 β 51-60 years (premenopausal age), Group 5 β 61-70 years, group 6 β women over 71 years (amenopausal age). The average age of the patients was 53.4 years (range from 23 to 85 years). The predominant group was patients aged 51-60 years (52.8%). In the group with HER2-positive tumors, it is more common in women aged 30 to 40 years; in patients under the age of 30, as well as over 71 years, HER2 β negative tumors are more common. When comparing the age groups with each other using the Student's Test (t), no statistically significant differences were foundΠ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Π° Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ° Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Ρ (Π ΠΠ) Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΠΌ HER2 - ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΎΠΌ. ΠΡΠ»ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ 722 ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ° ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°Π·ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Ρ Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π³ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ (ΠΠΠ₯) ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ². ΠΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠ΅ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΠΈ Π ΠΠ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ Π½Π° 6 Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏ Π² ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠΊ: 1 Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ° β ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ Π΄ΠΎ 30, 2 Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ° β 30-40 Π»Π΅Ρ (Ρ ΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ), 3 Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ° β 41β50 Π»Π΅Ρ, 4 Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ° β 51β60 Π»Π΅Ρ (Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ·Ρ), 5 Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ° β 61-70 Π»Π΅Ρ, 6 Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ° β ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ 71 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π° (Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡ Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ·Ρ). Π‘ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠΊ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ» 53,4 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π° (Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½ ΠΎΡ 23 Π΄ΠΎ 85 Π»Π΅Ρ). ΠΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠΎΠΉ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΊΠΈ 51-60 Π»Π΅Ρ (52,8%). Π Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ΅ Ρ HER2 β ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ Ρ ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ½ Π² Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡ 30 Π΄ΠΎ 40 Π»Π΅Ρ; Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠΊ Π² Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎ 30 Π»Π΅Ρ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΡΡΠ΅ 71 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°, ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ HER2 β Π½Π΅Π³Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ. ΠΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΉ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡ Π‘ΡΡΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ°(t), ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΡΡ
ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΎ Π½Π΅ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ
Study of the expression of the Estrogen Receptor on tumor cells in patients of different ages with breast cancer
The article deals with the features of the age structure of breast cancer (breast cancer) in patients with different status of estrogen receptors (ER). 672 samples of invasive breast carcinoma were examined by histological, immunohistochemical (IHC) and statistical methods. All the studied cases of breast cancer were divided into 6 groups according to the age of the patients: 1 group β women under 31 years (2.53%), 2 group β 31-40 years (10.57%), 3 group β 41-50 years (22.62%), 4 group β 51-60 years (39.20%), 5 group β 61-70 years (20.68%), 6 group β women over 70 years (4.31%). In both groups, the numerical predominance of women aged 51 to 60 years was revealed. ER-positive tumors were more common in women over the age of 60, and ER-negative tumors were more common in women between the ages of 31 and 40. When comparing the ER-positive and ER-negative groups, no statistically significant differences were found.Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ° ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Ρ (Π ΠΠ) Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠΊ Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΠΊ ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Ρ (ER). ΠΡΠ»ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ 672 ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ° ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°Π·ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Ρ Π³ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ, ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ (ΠΠΠ₯) ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠ΅ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΠΈ Π ΠΠ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ Π½Π° 6 Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏ Π² ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠΊ: 1 Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ° β ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ Π΄ΠΎ 31 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π° (2,53%), 2 Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ° β 31-40 Π»Π΅Ρ (10,57%), 3 Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ° β 41β50 Π»Π΅Ρ (22,62%), 4 Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ° β 51β60 Π»Π΅Ρ (39,20%), 5 Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ° β 61-70 Π»Π΅Ρ (20,68%), 6 Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ° β ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ 70 Π»Π΅Ρ (4,31%). Π Π½Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ½ Π² Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡ 51 Π΄ΠΎ 60 Π»Π΅Ρ. ER-ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡ Ρ ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ½ Π² Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ 50 Π»Π΅Ρ, Π° ER-Π½Π΅Π³Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ - Π² Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡ 31 Π΄ΠΎ 40 Π»Π΅Ρ. ΠΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ ER-ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈ ER-ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π ΠΠ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΡΡ
ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΉ Π½Π΅ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½
Analysis of methods of translation and linguistic adaptation of biomedical terminology in the texts of scientific articles on breast cancer
The integration of modern technologies from biological sciences into medical practice has given rise to new terms and the non-equivalent vocabulary, which requires adequate translation. Abbreviations are the most frequent type of word formation in medical texts, and the article examines several methods to translate them. The contextual comparative analysis of terms-abbreviations from 10 biomedical texts concerning breast oncology was carried out using the method of continuous text search, with the classification of methods of translation. Of the 73 analyzed biomedical terms, the equivalent vocabulary prevailed in 46 (63 %), which ensures the accuracy and unambiguity of translation, partially equivalent β 25 (34,2 %) and 2 terms (2,8 %) were determined as showing no equivalence. Acronym- terms accounted for 23 (17,3 %), abbreviations β 36 (49 %). Among the detected abbreviations, 42 words (57,14 %) were borrowed with the English spelling; abbreviations translated into Russian by transliteration were twice as rare 23 (17,14 %); abbreviations having equivalent meanings in Russian scientific literature β 27 (20 %). Abbreviations that include alphab etic and numeric values are not translated into Russian and are supplemented with a decoding to preserve the meaning.ΠΠ½ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈΠ· Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π½Π°ΡΠΊ Π² ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π»Π° ΠΊ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π±Π΅Π·ΡΠΊΠ²ΠΈΠ²Π°Π»Π΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ΅Ρ Π°Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠ²Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π°. ΠΠ±Π±ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΈΠ°ΡΠΈΡ β Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ°Ρ
, ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ², ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π² Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΈΡΠΊΠ° Π±ΡΠ» ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΈ ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²-Π°Π±Π±ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΈΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ· 10 ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠΎ-Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΉ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Ρ. Π‘ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ 73 ΠΏΡΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠΎ-Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°Π΅Ρ ΡΠΊΠ²ΠΈΠ²Π°Π»Π΅Π½ΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠ° β 46 ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ² (63 %), ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π°, ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠΊΠ²ΠΈΠ²Π°Π»Π΅Π½ΡΠ½Π°Ρ β 25 ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ² (34,2 %) ΠΈ 2 Π±Π΅Π·ΡΠΊΠ²ΠΈΠ²Π°Π»Π΅Π½ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Π° (2,8 %). Π’Π΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Ρ-Π°ΠΊΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡ 23 (17,3 %), Π°Π±Π±ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΈΠ°ΡΡΡΡ β 36 (49 %). Π‘ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ Π°Π±Π±ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΈΠ°ΡΡΡ 42 (57,14 %) Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ Ρ ΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π°Π½Π³Π»ΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ; Π² Π΄Π²Π° ΡΠ°Π·Π° ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΅ β 23 (17,14 %) β Π²ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΡ, ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π½Π° ΡΡΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ·ΡΠΊ ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ; Π°Π±Π±ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΈΠ°ΡΡΡΡ, ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΊΠ²ΠΈΠ²Π°Π»Π΅Π½ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΡΠ·ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ΅, β 27 (20 %). ΠΡΠ»ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π°Π±Π±ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΈΠ°ΡΡΡΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ Π² ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π² Π±ΡΠΊΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΡΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ·ΡΠΊ ΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΌΡΡΠ»Π° Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΎΠΉ
Age features of molecular-biological subtypes of breast cancer
In this article, we analyzed the age-related features of molecular- biological subtypes in 499 patients with invasive breast cancer. All cases were divided into 5 molecular- biological subtypes based on immunohistochemical studies of hormone receptors, Her2, Ki-67. The average age of patients was 53.4 + 0.39 years, the predominant group were patients 50-60 years old (37.2%). The most common molecular biological subtype in our study was the luminal A subtype (35.6%). The hormone receptor positive subtypes of breast cancer (luminal A and B) were more common in all age groups. The triple negative subtype (43.2%) was the most common in the of group younger of 40 years old and the percentage of HER2-positive breast subtypes in groups 51-60 and older was twice as high as the groups 41-50 and younger of 40.Π Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ² Ρ 499 Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°Π·ΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Ρ. ΠΡΠ΅ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΠΈ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ Π½Π° 5 ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ² Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΠΊ Π³ΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΠ½Π°ΠΌ, Her2, Ki-67. Π‘ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠΊ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ» 53,4 + 0,39 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°, ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠΎΠΉ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΡ 50 Π΄ΠΎ 60 Π»Π΅Ρ (37,2% ΠΎΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π°). ΠΠ°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠΌ Π² Π½Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π±ΡΠ» Π»ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΈΠΏ (35,6%). ΠΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ°Ρ
ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡ Π³ΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΠ½-ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΎΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΈΠΏΡ Π ΠΠ (Π»ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π ΠΈ Π), ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ Π² Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎ 40 Π»Π΅Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΠΌ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΡΡ ΡΡΠΎΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π΅Π³Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΈΠΏ Π ΠΠ (43,2%), Π° Π΄ΠΎΠ»Ρ HER2-ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ² Π ΠΠ Π² Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ°Ρ
51-60 ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»Π°ΡΡ Π² Π΄Π²Π° ΡΠ°Π·Π° Π²ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ°ΠΌΠΈ 41-50 ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎ 40 Π»Π΅Ρ
Transition Metal-Free Regioselective Cross-Coupling of Azine N-Oxides With Cymantrenyl Lithium
We are grateful for financial supports from the Russian Science Foundation (Project β 14-13-01177), the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (Projects β 16-03-00958), and the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation (Project β 4.6351.2017/8.9)
Experience of foundation programm of biology courses for foreign applicants in the form of distance learning
Russia's accession to the Bologna process in September 2003 created the need to integrate the Russian Higher School into European education, so for several years now the promotion of mobility of foreign students at the Ural State Medical University has been intensifying. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, Foundation Programme in 2020 were converted to distance learning. The on-line education of foreign students is based on a carefully methodically planned course of preparation for exams in biology. The proposed on-line training system made it possible to complete part of the course at a pace convenient for students. All blocks of materials are collected for a specific small group of students from local and remote Internet resources, optimization of the sequence of test forms and the speed of their presentation to students is carried out to increase the effectiveness of training, identify gaps in knowledge and restructuring the learning strategy.ΠΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΊ ΠΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ±ΡΠ΅ 2003 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π»ΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π²ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»Ρ Π² Π΅Π²ΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ Π²ΠΎΡ ΡΠΆΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π»Π΅Ρ ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π² Π£ΡΠ°Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ Π³ΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅. ΠΠ·-Π·Π° ΠΏΠ°Π½Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ COVID-19, ΡΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΡΠ΅ Π·Π°Π½ΡΡΠΈΡ Π² 2020 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ Π² ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Ρ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. Π ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ online ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π°Π±ΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΊΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΠΊ ΡΠΊΠ·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π°ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎ Π΄Π°Π΅Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΡΡΡΠ° Π² ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ Π°Π΄Π°ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ (Π²ΡΠ΅ Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ² ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ ΡΡΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ· Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΡΠ΄Π°Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π΅Ρ-ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠ², ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΡΠΌ ΠΈ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ² Π² Π·Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ)
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