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    PROFESSIONAL KNOWLEDGE AND PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCIES IN HIGHER EDUCATION

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    Introduction. Today, the competencies that every university graduate should possess upon graduation form the basis of present Federal State Educational Standards for Higher Education (FSES HE). Despite publicly expressed criticism by many representatives of scientific community about the competency-based approach implementation as it is realized at the Russian higher school, however, it continues to be approved as the basic approach that generates a number of negative consequences. The aim of the publication is to discuss the importance and adequacy of professional knowledge, skills and professional competencies that are formed in the process of higher education. Methodology and research methods. The comparative analysis, synthesis and generalization of the contents of the Russian and foreign documents and publications describing the theory and practice of application of the competency-based approach in the system of the higher education were used.Results. Key provisions of the law β€œOn Education in the Russian Federation”, FSES HE, professional standards, materials of the European Tuning and the European Qualification Framework and other sources, disclosing the essence, purposes and problems of university preparation, have been considered and compared. It is shown that the main focus on professional competencies to the detriment of professional knowledge and skills leads to contradictions in the normative framework of the Russian higher education, complicates a possibility of diagnostics of its results and generates some other serious problems. Finally, the author concludes that primary orientation to skills and knowledge corresponds not only to traditions of university education, but also to the interests of university graduates who need to have a strong base for β€œeducation throughout all life”; as well as the requests from employers provided in professional standards.Practical significance. The author withdraws a well-grounded statement that the approach based on a triad of β€œknowledge-skills-competencies”, precisely in the specified hierarchical order, would provide an opportunity to plan educational programs more effectively and to achieve the strategic objective of the higher education – to prepare the participants for creation of the society of knowledge and knowledge-based economy.Π’Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠžΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρƒ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… Ρ„Π΅Π΄Π΅Ρ€Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… стандартов Π²Ρ‹ΡΡˆΠ΅Π³ΠΎ образования (Π€Π“ΠžΠ‘ Π’Πž) ΡΠΎΡΡ‚Π°Π²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ΅Ρ‚Π΅Π½Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ΅Π½ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ выпускник Π²ΡƒΠ·Π°, ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π΄ΡˆΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ курс обучСния. НСсмотря Π½Π° Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΊΡ€Π°Ρ‚Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΡƒΠ±Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎ Π²Ρ‹ΡΠΊΠ°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°Π²ΡˆΡƒΡŽΡΡ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΌΠΈ прСдставитСлями Π½Π°ΡƒΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ сообщСства ΠΊΡ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΡƒ компСтСнтностного ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π² Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅, Π² ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠ½ рСализуСтся Π² российской Π²Ρ‹ΡΡˆΠ΅ΠΉ школС, ΠΎΠ½ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ°Π΅Ρ‚ ΡƒΡ‚Π²Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠ΄Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΡΡ Π² качСствС Π²Π΅Π΄ΡƒΡ‰Π΅Π³ΠΎ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π°Π΅Ρ‚ ряд Π½Π΅Π³Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹Ρ… послСдствий. ЦСль ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΠΈ – ΠΎΠ±ΡΡƒΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ„Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Π·Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ, Π½Π°Π²Ρ‹ΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ„Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ΅Ρ‚Π΅Π½Ρ†ΠΈΠΉ, Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠΈΡ€ΡƒΠ΅ΠΌΡ‹Ρ… Π² процСссС обучСния Π² Π²ΡƒΠ·Π΅. ΠœΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹. Π’ Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π΅ использовались ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ ΡΡ€Π°Π²Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°, синтСза ΠΈ обобщСния содСрТания отСчСствСнных ΠΈ Π·Π°Ρ€ΡƒΠ±Π΅ΠΆΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡƒΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π½Π°ΡƒΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΡƒΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΡ‹Π²Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… Ρ‚Π΅ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡŽ ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΡƒ примСнСния компСтСнтностного ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π² систСмС Π²Ρ‹ΡΡˆΠ΅Π³ΠΎ образования.Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹. РассмотрСны ΠΈ сопоставлСны ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π²Ρ‹Π΅ полоТСния Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π° «Об ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π² Π Π€Β», Π€Π“ΠžΠ‘ Π’Πž, ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ„Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… стандартов, ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ‹ СвропСйских ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ² Tuning ΠΈ European Qualification Framework ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… источников, Ρ€Π°ΡΠΊΡ€Ρ‹Π²Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… ΡΡƒΡ‰Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ, Ρ†Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΈ Π·Π°Π΄Π°Ρ‡ΠΈ унивСрситСтской ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ. Показано, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ приоритСтная установка Π½Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ„Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ΅Ρ‚Π΅Π½Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Π² ΡƒΡ‰Π΅Ρ€Π± ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ„Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ знаниям ΠΈ Π½Π°Π²Ρ‹ΠΊΠ°ΠΌ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚ ΠΊ противорСчиям Π² Π½ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π±Π°Π·Π΅ российского Π²Ρ‹ΡΡˆΠ΅Π³ΠΎ образования, затрудняСт Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ диагностики Π΅Π³ΠΎ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ становится ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ возникновСния Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΡ… ΡΠ΅Ρ€ΡŒΠ΅Π·Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌ. Одним ΠΈΠ· Π³Π»Π°Π²Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π²Ρ‹Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΠΈ являСтся ΡƒΡ‚Π²Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎ Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ прСимущСствСнная ориСнтация Π½Π° знания ΠΈ Π½Π°Π²Ρ‹ΠΊΠΈ соотвСтствуСт Π½Π΅ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΠΎ традициям унивСрситСтского образования, Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ интСрСсам выпускников Π²ΡƒΠ·ΠΎΠ², Ρƒ ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Ρ… Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Π° Π±Ρ‹Ρ‚ΡŒ прочная Π±Π°Π·Π° для «образования Π½Π° протяТСнии всСй ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈΒ»; Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ запросам Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠ΄Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ, ΠΎΡ‚Ρ€Π°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ Π² ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ„Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… стандартах. ΠŸΡ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ. Автор ΡƒΠ±Π΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄, основанный Π½Π° Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π΄Π΅ «знания – Π½Π°Π²Ρ‹ΠΊΠΈ – ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ΅Ρ‚Π΅Π½Ρ†ΠΈΠΈΒ», ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΠΌ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π² ΡƒΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ иСрархичСском порядкС, ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ эффСктивно ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΌΡ‹ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈΠ³Π½ΡƒΡ‚ΡŒ стратСгичСской Ρ†Π΅Π»ΠΈ Π²Ρ‹ΡΡˆΠ΅Π³ΠΎ образования – ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ участников создания общСства Π·Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ экономики Π·Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ.

    Computational thinking

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    The aim of the research is to draw attention of the educationalΒ community to the phenomenon of computational thinking which actively discussedΒ in the last decade in the foreign scientific and educational literature, toΒ substantiate of its importance, practical utility and the right on affirmation inΒ Russian education. Methods. The research is based on the analysis of foreign studies of theΒ phenomenon of computational thinking and the ways of its formation in the processΒ of education; on comparing the notion of Β«computational thinkingΒ» with relatedΒ concepts used in the Russian scientific and pedagogical literature. Results. The concept Β«computational thinkingΒ» is analyzed from the point ofΒ view of intuitive understanding and scientific and applied aspects. It is shown asΒ computational thinking has evolved in the process of development of computersΒ hardware and software. The practice-oriented interpretation of computationalΒ thinking which dominant among educators is described along with some ways ofΒ its formation. It is shown that computational thinking is a metasubject result ofΒ general education as well as its tool. From the point of view of the author, purposefulΒ development of computational thinking should be one of the tasks of theΒ Russian education. Scientific novelty. The author gives a theoretical justification of the role ofΒ computational thinking schemes as metasubject results of learning. The dynamicsΒ of the development of this concept is described. This process is connected withΒ the evolution of computer and information technologies as well as increase ofΒ number of the tasks for effective solutions of which computational thinking is required.Β Author substantiated the affirmation that including Β«computational thinkingΒ» in the set of pedagogical concepts which are used in the national educationΒ system fills an existing gap. Practical significance. New metasubject result of education associated withΒ the formation of personal and professional qualities the persons living and workingΒ in the information society is formulatedЦСль прСдставлСнного Π² ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΠ΅ исслСдования – ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅Ρ‡ΡŒΒ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ пСдагогичСской общСствСнности ΠΊ Ρ„Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρƒ Π²Ρ‹Ρ‡ΠΈΡΠ»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΒ ΠΌΡ‹ΡˆΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ обсуТдаСмому Π² послСднСС дСсятилСтиС Π² Π·Π°Ρ€ΡƒΠ±Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π°ΡƒΡ‡Π½ΠΎ-пСдагогичСской Π»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Π΅, ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Π΅Π³ΠΎ Ρ‚Π΅ΠΎΡ€Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΡƒΡŽ Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ,Β ΠΏΡ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΡƒΡŽ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΎ Π½Π° институированиС Π² отСчСствСнном ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ. ΠœΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹. ИсслСдованиС базируСтся Π½Π° Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π΅ Π·Π°Ρ€ΡƒΠ±Π΅ΠΆΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… исслСдований Ρ„Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π° Π²Ρ‹Ρ‡ΠΈΡΠ»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΡ‹ΡˆΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΡƒΡ‚Π΅ΠΉ Π΅Π³ΠΎ формирования Π² процСссС образования; Π½Π° сопоставлСнии понятия Β«Π²Ρ‹Ρ‡ΠΈΡΠ»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΌΡ‹ΡˆΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅Β»Β Ρ родствСнными понятиями, ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΡƒΠ΅ΠΌΡ‹ΠΌΠΈ Π² российской Π½Π°ΡƒΡ‡Π½ΠΎ-пСдагогичСской Π»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Π΅. Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹. ΠŸΠΎΠ½ΡΡ‚ΠΈΠ΅ Β«Π²Ρ‹Ρ‡ΠΈΡΠ»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΌΡ‹ΡˆΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅Β» ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎΒ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ с Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡ΠΊΠΈ зрСния Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚ΡƒΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ понимания, Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ ΠΈ Π² Π½Π°ΡƒΡ‡Π½ΠΎ-ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Π½Ρ‹Ρ…, аспСктах. Показано, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡŽΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΎ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΌΡ‹ΡˆΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² процСссС развития тСхничСских ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΌΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… срСдств ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈΠΊΠΈ. Описана ΠΏΡ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠΎ-ориСнтированная интСрпрСтация Π²Ρ‹Ρ‡ΠΈΡΠ»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΡ‹ΡˆΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‰Π°Ρ Π² срСдС Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² образования, наряду с Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Сго формирования. Π”ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ этот Π²ΠΈΠ΄ ΠΌΡ‹ΡˆΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ являСтся ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Π°ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰Π΅Π³ΠΎ образования, Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ ΠΈ Π΅Π³ΠΎ инструмСнтом. Π‘ Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡ΠΊΠΈ зрСния Π°Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Π°, Ρ†Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ΅ Π²Ρ‹Ρ‡ΠΈΡΠ»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΡ‹ΡˆΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΒ ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ· Π·Π°Π΄Π°Ρ‡ российского образования. Научная Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°. ВСорСтичСски обоснована Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ понятия Β«Π²Ρ‹Ρ‡ΠΈΡΠ»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΌΡ‹ΡˆΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅Β» ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Π°ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Π° обучСния. Описана динамика развития этого понятия Π² процСссС ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡŽΡ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΡŒΡŽΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ‚Π΅Ρ…Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ Ρ€Π°ΡΡˆΠΈΡ€Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ пространства Π·Π°Π΄Π°Ρ‡, для эффСктивного Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Ρ… Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ Π²Ρ‹Ρ‡ΠΈΡΠ»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΌΡ‹ΡˆΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. Обосновано ΡƒΡ‚Π²Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎ Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ пСрСнос понятия Β«Π²Ρ‹Ρ‡ΠΈΡΠ»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΌΡ‹ΡˆΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅Β»Β Π² ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½ΡΡ‚ΡƒΡŽ Π² отСчСствСнном ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ систСму пСдагогичСских понятий восполняСт ΡΡƒΡ‰Π΅ΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΉ Π² Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π΅Π». ΠŸΡ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ. Π’Ρ‹Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Π°ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Β ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, связанный с Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ личностных ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ„Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ…Β ΠΊΠ°Ρ‡Π΅ΡΡ‚Π² Ρ‡Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ°, ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΡƒΡ‰Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΈ Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π°ΡŽΡ‰Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π² ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΌ общСств

    Formation of the Base Elements of Digital Competences of a Future Teacher

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    Π’ ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΠ΅ описываСтся ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΊ Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡŽ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ„Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΡΠΎΡΡ‚Π°Π²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… Ρ†ΠΈΡ„Ρ€ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ΅Ρ‚Π΅Π½Ρ†ΠΈΠΉ Π±ΡƒΠ΄ΡƒΡ‰ΠΈΡ… ΡƒΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ.The article describes an approach to the formation of professional components of digital competencies of future educators

    Atomic step motion during the dewetting of ultra-thin films

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    We report on three key processes involving atomic step motion during the dewetting of thin solid films: (i) the growth of an isolated island nucleated far from a hole, (ii) the spreading of a monolayer rim, and (iii) the zipping of a monolayer island along a straight dewetting front. Kinetic Monte Carlo results are in good agreement with simple analytical models assuming diffusion-limited dynamics.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figure

    Pedagogical support for professional self-determination of high school students in IT professions

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    Introduction. The formation of professional self-determination of high school students and the associated choice of vocational education is an urgent problem of the modern school. This paper examines the possibility of pedagogical support to solve this problem by the example of the formation of ideas about IT education and IT professions at a level sufficient for their conscious choice in Russia. The tools discussed are the school Computer Science course and, more broadly, teacher-led non-formal education in the field of computing. The aim of this article was to analyse the factors affecting the conscious choice of high school graduates of IT professions and types of professional IT education, and the possibilities of pedagogical support for the formation of this choice by means of informatics education, implemented by means of a modern information and educational environment. Methodology, methods and materials. A systematic approach was applied, i.e. not only school but also subsequent stages of professional development of students were analysed. The leading theoretical methods were the analysis of the knowledge system, generalisation, identification and resolution of contradictions in the process of self-determination of students in the IT profession. Empirical methods for collecting, analysing and interpreting empirical data were also employed. The analysis of academic publications, documents and statistical data was carried out. Results. It is shown that the main reasons for the low level of formation of the professional self-determination of high school students in the IT profession are the following factors: insufficient attention paid in the school Computer Science course to the technological aspects that underlie most of the IT professions; lack of awareness of labour functions in IT professions; lack of awareness of the content of training in various areas of higher IT education and the focus of these areas on specific IT professions; ignorance of the real demand for the country’s economy in various IT professions. The school course in Computer Science can become a system-forming beginning in the formation of professional self-determination of high school students in the IT profession, but in its current state, it does not fully fulfill this function. The reasons are the inability to provide everyone, who wants to study Computer Science in high school at an in-depth level, the neglect in this course of the technological aspects of computing that underlie most of the IT professions, and insufficient use of the information resources of the information and educational environment of modern non-formal education. One of the ways to solve this problem is to supplement the Computer Science course with a special pre-professional training module, which will purposefully acquaint students with IT professions, with information technologies that underlie these professions, as well as the types and the content of the most popular areas of professional IT education and their connections with IT professions. To implement such a module, in addition to traditional forms of education, distance and network learning can be used, including with the involvement of university teachers and employees of leading IT companies. Scientific novelty. For the first time, the problem of pedagogical support for the formation of professional self-determination of senior high school students in the IT profession has been investigated. Practical significance. The obtained results can become the basis for improving school informatics education for the full fulfillment of the task to develop the professional self-determination of students in the IT profession.Π’Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. Π€ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ„Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ самоопрСдСлСния ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ€ΡˆΠ΅ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΈ связанного с Π½ΠΈΠΌ Π²Ρ‹Π±ΠΎΡ€Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ„Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ образования являСтся Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΡƒΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ соврСмСнной ΡˆΠΊΠΎΠ»Ρ‹. Π’ Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π΅ исслСдуСтся Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ пСдагогичСского сопровоТдСния ΡƒΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ процСсса Π½Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π΅ формирования прСдставлСний ΠΎΠ± ИВ-ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ИВ-профСссиях Π½Π° ΡƒΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅, достаточном для ΠΈΡ… осознанного Π²Ρ‹Π±ΠΎΡ€Π°. ΠžΠ±ΡΡƒΠΆΠ΄Π°Π΅ΠΌΡ‹Π΅ срСдства – ΡˆΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ курс ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ, Π² Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡˆΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌ контСкстС, направляСмоС ΡƒΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΌ Π½Π΅Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ сфСрС. ЦСль Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ исслСдования – Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ², Π²Π»ΠΈΡΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… Π½Π° осознанный Π²Ρ‹Π±ΠΎΡ€ выпускниками ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΠΉ срСднСй ΡˆΠΊΠΎΠ»Ρ‹ ИВ-профСссий ΠΈ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ„Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ИВ-образования, ΠΈ возмоТностСй пСдагогичСского сопровоТдСния формирования ΡƒΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Ρ‹Π±ΠΎΡ€Π° срСдствами Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ Π½Π΅Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ информатичСского образования, Ρ€Π΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π² условиях соврСмСнной ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎ-ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ срСды. ΠœΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ, ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ‹. Использован систСмный ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΡŒ Π² Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π΅ Π½Π΅ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΠΎ школьного, Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… этапов ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ„Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ развития учащихся, Π² ΠΈΡ… взаимопрССмствСнности. Π’Π΅Π΄ΡƒΡ‰ΠΈΠΌΠΈ тСорСтичСскими ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ стали Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· систСмы Π·Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, выявлСниС ΠΈ Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡ€Π΅Ρ‡ΠΈΠΉ Π² процСссС самоопрСдСлСния учащихся Π½Π° ИВ-профСссии. Π‘Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ‹ эмпиричСскиС ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ сбора Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ…, ΠΈΡ… Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΏΡ€Π΅Ρ‚Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ многочислСнныС ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ‹ ΠΏΠΎ обсуТдаСмой ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅, содСрТащиСся Π² Π½Π°ΡƒΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… публикациях, Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡƒΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°Ρ… ΠΈ Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… статистики. Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹. Показано, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π³Π»Π°Π²Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ нСвысокого уровня сформированности ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ„Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ самоопрСдСлСния ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ€ΡˆΠ΅ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² Π½Π° ИВ-профСссии ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹: нСдостаточноС Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅, удСляСмоС Π² школьном курсС ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈΠΊΠΈ тСхнологичСским аспСктам, Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ°Ρ‰ΠΈΠΌ Π² основС Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΡˆΠΈΠ½ΡΡ‚Π²Π° ИВ-профСссий; отсутствиС информированности ΠΎ Ρ‚Ρ€ΡƒΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… функциях Π² Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ИВ-профСссиях; отсутствиС информированности ΠΎ содСрТании ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ направлСниям Π²Ρ‹ΡΡˆΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ИВ-образования ΠΈ ориСнтированности этих Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡ€Π΅Ρ‚Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ИВ-профСссии; Π½Π΅Π·Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ€Π΅Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ потрСбности экономики страны Π² Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ИВ-профСссиях. Π‘ΠΈΡΡ‚Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΌ Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°Π»ΠΎΠΌ Π² Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ„Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ самоопрСдСлСния ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ€ΡˆΠ΅ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² Π½Π° ИВ-профСссии ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΡˆΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ курс ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈΠΊΠΈ, ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ Π² Π΅Π³ΠΎ соврСмСнном состоянии ΠΎΠ½ Π½Π΅ выполняСт эту Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΡŽ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π΅. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹ Π½Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡ‚Π°Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ всСм ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡ‡Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈΠΊΡƒ Π² ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ€ΡˆΠΈΡ… классах Π½Π° ΡƒΠ³Π»ΡƒΠ±Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡƒΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅, ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π½Π΅Π±Ρ€Π΅ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ тСхнологичСскими аспСктами ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΡŒΡŽΡ‚ΠΈΠ½Π³Π°, Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ°Ρ‰ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π² основС большСй части ИВ-профСссий, нСдостаточноС использованиС возмоТностСй ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎ-ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ срСды соврСмСнного Π½Π΅Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ образования. Одним ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΡƒΡ‚Π΅ΠΉ Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡƒΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ‹ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ курса ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠ»Π΅ΠΌ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ„Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ΠΉ Π±ΡƒΠ΄Π΅Ρ‚ Ρ†Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ учащихся с ИВ-профСссиями, с ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ тСхнологиями, Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ°Ρ‰ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π² основС этих профСссий, Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ содСрТаниСм Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ вострСбованных Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ„Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ИВ-образования ΠΈ ΠΈΡ… связСй с ИВ-профСссиями. Для Ρ€Π΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ модуля ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ Π±Ρ‹Ρ‚ΡŒ, Π² Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊ Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π΄ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°ΠΌ обучСния, использовано дистанционноС ΠΈ сСтСвоС ΠΎΠ±ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, Π² Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ числС с ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ вузовских ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈ сотрудников Π²Π΅Π΄ΡƒΡ‰ΠΈΡ… ИВ-ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΉ. Научная Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°. Π’ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²Ρ‹Π΅ исслСдована ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ° пСдагогичСского сопровоТдСния формирования ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ„Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ самоопрСдСлСния ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ€ΡˆΠ΅ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² Π½Π° ИВ-профСссии Π² Π Π€. ΠŸΡ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Ρ‹ состоит Π² рСкомСндациях ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ€ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡŽ школьного информатичСского образования для ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ выполнСния ΠΈΠΌ Π·Π°Π΄Π°Ρ‡ΠΈ формирования ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ„Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ самоопрСдСлСния учащихся Π½Π° ИВ-профСссии

    Computational thinking in the context of higher education: Analytical review

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    Introduction. Computational thinking is one of the categories that currently assess the quality of people’s preparedness for life, educational and professional activities in the modern world, saturated with information technologies and digital tools. Many issues related to university students’ computational thinking remain insufficiently studied as applied to general education. Aim. The present research aims to discuss the essence of the concept of β€œcomputational thinking” and, mainly, the composition of its structural elements, methods of their formation and assessment at the level of higher education; and to compare the requirements for university students’ computational thinking and digital competencies, which have similarities and differences. Methodology and research methods. The present review article has theoretical and applied aspects. Except for several fundamentally important works of general studies, which reveal the concept of β€œcomputational thinking”, the author analysed mainly review articles published in the past five years in order to identify and systematise modern solutions related to the purpose of the work. Results and scientific novelty. An analysis of the basic concepts associated with computational thinking showed that at the level of definitions, due to their certain abstractness, the computational thinking of university students does not have much specificity compared to the computational thinking of schoolchildren. This specificity is manifested at the level of the list of cognitive and non-cognitive skills associated with computational thinking, requirements for the level of their development and assessment methods. In computational thinking, cognitive skills include abstraction, decomposition, pattern recognition, algorithmisation, visualisation, logical thinking, communicative competence, the ability to present, structure and analyse data, and some others skills. Non-cognitive skills include self-confidence, communication skills, flexibility, and others. Methods for assessing the maturity of students’ computational thinking include the results of solving problems in block programming environments such as Scrath; knowledge/skill tests, self-assessment scales/surveys; tests on knowledge of the basics of computational thinking, interviews and observations; interviews, grades for assignments/courses, surveys/questionnaires, solving problems external to the class; the use of a special software environment, the use of criteria for assessing computational thinking and/or psychometric tools; assessments based on solving robotic problems or evaluating artifacts created during the game, and others. A comparison of computational thinking with digital competencies at the skill level leads to the conclusion that in computational thinking, skills represent a certain fixed set of meta-skills needed by a student regardless of solving specific problems (for example, abstraction skills). In digital competencies, skills are specified according to numerous types and are more specific. Practical significance. The results of this study can be used in the design of programmes for developing computational thinking and digital competencies of university students.Π’Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. Π’Ρ‹Ρ‡ΠΈΡΠ»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΌΡ‹ΡˆΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ – ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π° ΠΈΠ· Ρ‚Π΅Ρ… ΠΊΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Π³ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ Π² настоящСС врСмя оцСниваСтся качСство подготовлСнности людСй ΠΊ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ, ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π±Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ„Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ Π² соврСмСнном ΠΌΠΈΡ€Π΅, насыщСнном ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ тСхнологиями ΠΈ Ρ†ΠΈΡ„Ρ€ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ инструмСнтами. МногиС вопросы, связанныС с Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π²Ρ‹Ρ‡ΠΈΡΠ»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΡ‹ΡˆΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ ΠΊ студСнтам Π²ΡƒΠ·ΠΎΠ², ΠΎΡΡ‚Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ° нСдостаточно ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ, сущСствСнно слабСС, Ρ‡Π΅ΠΌ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ ΠΊ ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰Π΅ΠΌΡƒ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡŽ. ЦСлью ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΠΈ являСтся ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ обсуТдСниС сущности понятия Β«Π²Ρ‹Ρ‡ΠΈΡΠ»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΌΡ‹ΡˆΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅Β», Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ ΠΈ Π³Π»Π°Π²Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠΌ состава Π΅Π³ΠΎ структурных элСмСнтов, способов ΠΈΡ… формирования ΠΈ оцСнивания Π½Π° ΡƒΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ Π²Ρ‹ΡΡˆΠ΅Π³ΠΎ образования. Π”ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Π°Ρ Ρ†Π΅Π»ΡŒ – ΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΡ‚Π°Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ трСбования ΠΊ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΌ сходства ΠΈ различия Π²Ρ‹Ρ‡ΠΈΡΠ»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡƒ ΠΌΡ‹ΡˆΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ ΠΈ Ρ†ΠΈΡ„Ρ€ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΠΌ компСтСнциям студСнтов Π²ΡƒΠ·ΠΎΠ². ΠœΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ, ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈ. ИсслСдованиС носит ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡ€Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ Ρ…Π°Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ ΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ‚ тСорСтичСский ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ аспСкты. Π—Π° ΠΈΡΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΠΈΡ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½Ρ†ΠΈΠΏΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰Π΅Π³ΠΎ Ρ…Π°Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°, Π² ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Ρ… раскрываСтся само понятиС Β«Π²Ρ‹Ρ‡ΠΈΡΠ»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΌΡ‹ΡˆΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅Β», ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ‹ Π² основном ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡ€Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΏΡƒΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ€ΡˆΠ΅ пяти Π»Π΅Ρ‚ с Ρ†Π΅Π»ΡŒΡŽ Π²Ρ‹ΡΠ²ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡ‚Π΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ соврСмСнныС Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, относящиСся ΠΊ Ρ†Π΅Π»ΠΈ Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Ρ‹. Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ ΠΈ научная Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°. Анализ Π±Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… понятий, связанных с Π²Ρ‹Ρ‡ΠΈΡΠ»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ ΠΌΡ‹ΡˆΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ, ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π», Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π½Π° ΡƒΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, Π² силу ΠΈΡ… ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ абстрактности, Π²Ρ‹Ρ‡ΠΈΡΠ»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΌΡ‹ΡˆΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ студСнтов Π²ΡƒΠ·ΠΎΠ² Π½Π΅ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°Π΅Ρ‚ особой спСцификой ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π΄ Π²Ρ‹Ρ‡ΠΈΡΠ»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ ΠΌΡ‹ΡˆΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ школьников. Вакая спСцифика проявляСтся Π½Π° ΡƒΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ пСрСчня ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π½Π°Π²Ρ‹ΠΊΠΎΠ², ассоциируСмых с Π²Ρ‹Ρ‡ΠΈΡΠ»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ ΠΌΡ‹ΡˆΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ, Ρ‚Ρ€Π΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΊ ΡƒΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡŽ ΠΈΡ… сформированности ΠΈ способов оцСнивания. Π’ Π²Ρ‹Ρ‡ΠΈΡΠ»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΡ‹ΡˆΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Π½Π°Π²Ρ‹ΠΊΠΈ – это абстрагированиС, дСкомпозиция, распознаваниС закономСрностСй, алгоритмизация, визуализация, логичСскоС ΠΌΡ‹ΡˆΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΊ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΡƒΠ½ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡŽ, ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΡΡ‚Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ, ΡΡ‚Ρ€ΡƒΠΊΡ‚ΡƒΡ€ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡŽ ΠΈ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Ρƒ Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΠ΅. Π‘Ρ€Π΅Π΄ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π½Π°Π²Ρ‹ΠΊΠΎΠ² Π²Ρ‹Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ Π²Π΅Ρ€Ρƒ Π² сСбя, ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΡƒΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π±Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ, Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΊΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΈ Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΠ΅. Π‘Ρ€Π΅Π΄ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² оцСнивания сформированности Π²Ρ‹Ρ‡ΠΈΡΠ»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΡ‹ΡˆΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ студСнтов Ρ„ΠΈΠ³ΡƒΡ€ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π·Π°Π΄Π°Ρ‡ Π² срСдах Π±Π»ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ программирования, Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΈΡ… ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Scrath; тСсты Π½Π° знания/Π½Π°Π²Ρ‹ΠΊΠΈ, самооцСночныС ΡˆΠΊΠ°Π»Ρ‹/опросы; тСсты Π½Π° Π·Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ основ Π²Ρ‹Ρ‡ΠΈΡΠ»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΡ‹ΡˆΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π²ΡŒΡŽ ΠΈ наблюдСния; собСсСдования, ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ Π·Π° задания/курсы, опросы/Π°Π½ΠΊΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ‹, Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌ, Π²Π½Π΅ΡˆΠ½ΠΈΡ… ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ ΠΊ классу; использованиС ΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ окруТСния, использованиС ΠΊΡ€ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ΅Π² ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ Π²Ρ‹Ρ‡ΠΈΡΠ»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΡ‹ΡˆΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ/ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ психомСтричСских инструмСнтов; ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ, основанныС Π½Π° Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Ρ€ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π·Π°Π΄Π°Ρ‡ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ оцСнивания Π°Ρ€Ρ‚Π΅Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ², созданных Π² процСссС ΠΈΠ³Ρ€Ρ‹, ΠΈ Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΠ΅. БопоставлСниС Π²Ρ‹Ρ‡ΠΈΡΠ»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΡ‹ΡˆΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ с Ρ†ΠΈΡ„Ρ€ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ компСтСнциями Π½Π° ΡƒΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ Π½Π°Π²Ρ‹ΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚ ΠΊ Π²Ρ‹Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρƒ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π² Π²Ρ‹Ρ‡ΠΈΡΠ»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΡ‹ΡˆΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π°Π²Ρ‹ΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΡΡ‚Π°Π²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ собой Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ΠΉ фиксированный Π½Π°Π±ΠΎΡ€ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Π°Π½Π°Π²Ρ‹ΠΊΠΎΠ², Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΡ‹Ρ… студСнту Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ ΠΊ Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡ€Π΅Ρ‚Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π·Π°Π΄Π°Ρ‡ (Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ€, Π½Π°Π²Ρ‹ΠΊ абстрагирования), Π° Π² Ρ†ΠΈΡ„Ρ€ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… компСтСнциях ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ ΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ†ΠΈΡ„ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ многочислСнным Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π°ΠΌ ΠΈ носят Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡ€Π΅Ρ‚Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ Ρ…Π°Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€. ΠŸΡ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ. Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Ρ‹ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡƒΡ‚ Π±Ρ‹Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ‹ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΌ формирования Π²Ρ‹Ρ‡ΠΈΡΠ»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΡ‹ΡˆΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ Ρ†ΠΈΡ„Ρ€ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ΅Ρ‚Π΅Π½Ρ†ΠΈΠΉ студСнтов Π²ΡƒΠ·ΠΎΠ²

    IT education as a factor to influence gender imbalances in computing: Comparing Russian and American experience

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    Introduction. The problem of the relatively small number of women professionally employed in computing (computer science and information technology) is relevant throughout the world. Despite the fact that IT professionals are widely in demand, women in many countries, including theUSA andRussia, make up no more than a quarter of their total number, which requires explanation. One of the major reasons for this phenomenon, according to the authors, lies in the education system. The aim of this article was to analyse the factors affecting gender imbalance in IT professions, by comparing two countries in which information technology has historically played an important role, and which are very different from each other in many ways – economic, political, educational system and others. Research methodology. The present research is based on the comparison of data on IT education in schools and universities, and the degree of involvement of girls and women in computing in theUSA andRussia. Results. Both in theUSA and inRussia, gender imbalances in IT professions are formed largely in the field of education. Cultural stereotypes about computing as a male-dominated profession are produced by the media. Such stereotypes can discourage some girls and young women from studying computer science and also result in imbalance formation. The education system needs to increase the confidence of girls and young women in the possibilities of realising their abilities in the field of computer science and information technologies. Educational institutions should help to eliminate the negative attitude towards girls’ choice of IT professions. Scientific novelty. For the first time, general factors in the field of education were identified that affect gender imbalances among IT professionals inRussia and theUSA – the countries with significantly different traditions and educational systems. Practical significance of the present work is to justify the conditions for improving school and university education to solve the problem of gender inequality in IT industry.Π’Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠŸΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ° ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ ΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ‰ΠΈΠ½, ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ„Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ занятых Π² ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΡŒΡŽΡ‚ΠΈΠ½Π³Π΅ (ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… тСхнологиях), Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΡƒΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Π° Π²ΠΎ всСм ΠΌΠΈΡ€Π΅. НСсмотря Π½Π° Ρ‚ΠΎ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ITспСциалисты ΡˆΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠΊΠΎ вострСбованы, ΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ‰ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹ Π²ΠΎ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ… странах, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π°Ρ БША ΠΈ Россию, ΡΠΎΡΡ‚Π°Π²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ Π½Π΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Ρ‡Π΅Ρ‚Π²Π΅Ρ€Ρ‚ΠΈ ΠΎΡ‚ ΠΈΡ… ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰Π΅Π³ΠΎ количСства. Одна ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½ ΡƒΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ явлСния, ΠΏΠΎ мнСнию Π°Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ² Ρ‡Ρ€Π΅Π·Π²Ρ‹Ρ‡Π°ΠΉΠ½ΠΎ вСсомая, кроСтся Π² систСмС образования. ЦСль Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ исслСдования – Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ², приводящих ΠΊ Π³Π΅Π½Π΄Π΅Ρ€Π½ΠΎΠΉ диспропорции Π² IT-профСссиях, с ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΡŒΡŽ сравнСния ΠΎΠΏΡ‹Ρ‚Π° Π΄Π²ΡƒΡ… стран, Π² ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ…Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ историчСски ΠΈΠ³Ρ€Π°ΡŽΡ‚ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΡƒΡŽ Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΡŒ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ сильно ΠΎΡ‚Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ ΠΎΡ‚ Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³Π° ΠΏΠΎ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€Π°ΠΌ – экономичСским, политичСским, систСмам образования ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ. ΠœΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ исслСдования – сопоставлСниС Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΎ школьном ΠΈ унивСрситСтском IT-ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π² БША ΠΈ России ΠΈ стСпСни вовлСчСнности ΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ‰ΠΈΠ½ Π² этих странах Π² ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΡŒΡŽΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ‚Π΅Ρ…Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ. Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Ρ‹. Показано, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΈ Π² БША, ΠΈ Π² России Π³Π΅Π½Π΄Π΅Ρ€Π½Ρ‹Π΅ диспропорции Π² IT-отрасли Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ Π² Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π΅ Π² ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ срСдС. Π˜Ρ… появлСнию ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ транслируСмыС масс-ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ° ΡΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΡƒΡ€Π½Ρ‹Π΅ стСрСотипы ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΌΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈΡΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ муТской профСссии. БистСмС образования Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΡƒΠ²Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π΄Π΅Π²ΡƒΡˆΠ΅ΠΊ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ‰ΠΈΠ½ Π² возмоТности Ρ€Π΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΡ… способностСй Π² сфСрС ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ‚Π΅Ρ…Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ. ΠžΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ учрСТдСния Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Ρ‹ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π΅Π³Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊ Π²Ρ‹Π±ΠΎΡ€Ρƒ Π΄Π΅Π²ΡƒΡˆΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ IT-профСссий. Научная Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°. Π’ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²Ρ‹Π΅ выявлСны ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ Π² сфСрС образования, Π²Π»ΠΈΡΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° Π³Π΅Π½Π΄Π΅Ρ€Π½Ρ‹Π΅ диспропорции срСди IT-спСциалистов Π² БША ΠΈ России – странах с сущСствСнно Ρ€Π°Π·Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ традициями ΠΈ систСмами образования. ΠŸΡ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Ρ‹ состоит Π² обосновании условий ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ€ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ школьного ΠΈ унивСрситСтского образования для Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ‹ Π³Π΅Π½Π΄Π΅Ρ€Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ нСравСнства Π² IT-отрасли

    Analysis of vibration impact on stability of dewetting thin liquid film

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    Dynamics of a thin dewetting liquid film on a vertically oscillating substrate is considered. We assume moderate vibration frequency and large (compared to the mean film thickness) vibration amplitude. Using the lubrication approximation and the averaging method, we formulate the coupled sets of equations governing the pulsatile and the averaged fluid flows in the film, and then derive the nonlinear amplitude equation for the averaged film thickness. We show that there exists a window in the frequency-amplitude domain where the parametric and shear-flow instabilities of the pulsatile flow do not emerge. As a consequence, in this window the averaged description is reasonable and the amplitude equation holds. The linear and nonlinear analyses of the amplitude equation and the numerical computations show that such vibration stabilizes the film against dewetting and rupture.Comment: 19 pages, 11 figure

    A university-based model for supporting computer science curriculum reform

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    Computer science curriculum reform in the United Kingdom has been subject to substantial scrutinyβ€”as it has in many other countries around the worldβ€”with England introducing a radical new computing curriculum from September 2014. However, in Walesβ€”a devolved nation within the UKβ€”political, geographical and socio-cultural issues have to date hindered any substantive educational policy or curriculum reform for computer science. In this paper, we present the activities of Technocamps, a national university-based schools outreach programme founded in 2003, and consider its wider impact on computer science education, schools, pupils and teachers in Wales. In contrast to successful interventions elsewhere in the UK in building and sustaining communities of practice, certain political and cultural challenges in Wales have largely prevented these successful models from being adopted. Through the consideration of the national case study presented in this paper, we demonstrate the necessity of the nation-wide school- and student-focused Technocamps model in building resilient and scalable practitioner-led support networks. Furthermore, with emerging curriculum reform in Wales, we frame the wider opportunity for computer science education and sustainably embedding cross-curricular digital competenciesβ€”along with changing the wider public perception and perceived value of computer science as an academic disciplineβ€”as a prospective replicable case study of a national engagement model for nations with similar aspirations of developing digitally confident and capable citizens. To this end, we conclude by drawing out the important lessons learnt for consideration when embarking on a programme of national curriculum reform and associated professional development
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