17 research outputs found
PROFESSIONAL KNOWLEDGE AND PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCIES IN HIGHER EDUCATION
Introduction. Today, the competencies that every university graduate should possess upon graduation form the basis of present Federal State Educational Standards for Higher Education (FSES HE). Despite publicly expressed criticism by many representatives of scientific community about the competency-based approach implementation as it is realized at the Russian higher school, however, it continues to be approved as the basic approach that generates a number of negative consequences. The aim of the publication is to discuss the importance and adequacy of professional knowledge, skills and professional competencies that are formed in the process of higher education. Methodology and research methods. The comparative analysis, synthesis and generalization of the contents of the Russian and foreign documents and publications describing the theory and practice of application of the competency-based approach in the system of the higher education were used.Results. Key provisions of the law βOn Education in the Russian Federationβ, FSES HE, professional standards, materials of the European Tuning and the European Qualification Framework and other sources, disclosing the essence, purposes and problems of university preparation, have been considered and compared. It is shown that the main focus on professional competencies to the detriment of professional knowledge and skills leads to contradictions in the normative framework of the Russian higher education, complicates a possibility of diagnostics of its results and generates some other serious problems. Finally, the author concludes that primary orientation to skills and knowledge corresponds not only to traditions of university education, but also to the interests of university graduates who need to have a strong base for βeducation throughout all lifeβ; as well as the requests from employers provided in professional standards.Practical significance. The author withdraws a well-grounded statement that the approach based on a triad of βknowledge-skills-competenciesβ, precisely in the specified hierarchical order, would provide an opportunity to plan educational programs more effectively and to achieve the strategic objective of the higher education β to prepare the participants for creation of the society of knowledge and knowledge-based economy.ΠΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΎΠ² Π²ΡΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ (Π€ΠΠΠ‘ ΠΠ) ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΌΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ΅Π½ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°ΡΡ Π²ΡΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠΊ Π²ΡΠ·Π°, ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΊΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π½Π° Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎ Π²ΡΡΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π²ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π² ΡΠΎΠΌ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅, Π² ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠ½ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π²ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅, ΠΎΠ½ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ°Π΅Ρ ΡΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ Π²Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π°Π΅Ρ ΡΡΠ΄ Π½Π΅Π³Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΉ. Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ β ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΡ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π·Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ, Π½Π°Π²ΡΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΉ, ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² Π²ΡΠ·Π΅. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. Π ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°, ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·Π° ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈ Π·Π°ΡΡΠ±Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΡΡ
Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ, ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π² ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ Π²ΡΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ.Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. Π Π°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π° Β«ΠΠ± ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π² Π Π€Β», Π€ΠΠΠ‘ ΠΠ, ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΎΠ², ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ Π΅Π²ΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² Tuning ΠΈ European Qualification Framework ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ², ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ, ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΈ Π·Π°Π΄Π°ΡΠΈ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ° Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΈ Π² ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ± ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Π·Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌ ΠΈ Π½Π°Π²ΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΌ Π² Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π±Π°Π·Π΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΡΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, Π·Π°ΡΡΡΠ΄Π½ΡΠ΅Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Π·Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌ. ΠΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ· Π³Π»Π°Π²Π½ΡΡ
Π²ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΠΎΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ Π½Π° Π·Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π½Π°Π²ΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΌ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΌ Π²ΡΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² Π²ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ², Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Π° Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π±Π°Π·Π° Π΄Π»Ρ Β«ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈΒ»; Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π·Π°ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ, ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠ°Ρ
. ΠΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ. ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΡ ΡΠ±Π΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄, ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Π½Π° ΡΡΠΈΠ°Π΄Π΅ Β«Π·Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΡ β Π½Π°Π²ΡΠΊΠΈ β ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΈΒ», ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π² ΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΊΠ΅, ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΡ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ³Π½ΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ Π²ΡΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ β ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° Π·Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π·Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ.
Computational thinking
The aim of the research is to draw attention of the educationalΒ community to the phenomenon of computational thinking which actively discussedΒ in the last decade in the foreign scientific and educational literature, toΒ substantiate of its importance, practical utility and the right on affirmation inΒ Russian education. Methods. The research is based on the analysis of foreign studies of theΒ phenomenon of computational thinking and the ways of its formation in the processΒ of education; on comparing the notion of Β«computational thinkingΒ» with relatedΒ concepts used in the Russian scientific and pedagogical literature. Results. The concept Β«computational thinkingΒ» is analyzed from the point ofΒ view of intuitive understanding and scientific and applied aspects. It is shown asΒ computational thinking has evolved in the process of development of computersΒ hardware and software. The practice-oriented interpretation of computationalΒ thinking which dominant among educators is described along with some ways ofΒ its formation. It is shown that computational thinking is a metasubject result ofΒ general education as well as its tool. From the point of view of the author, purposefulΒ development of computational thinking should be one of the tasks of theΒ Russian education. Scientific novelty. The author gives a theoretical justification of the role ofΒ computational thinking schemes as metasubject results of learning. The dynamicsΒ of the development of this concept is described. This process is connected withΒ the evolution of computer and information technologies as well as increase ofΒ number of the tasks for effective solutions of which computational thinking is required.Β Author substantiated the affirmation that including Β«computational thinkingΒ» in the set of pedagogical concepts which are used in the national educationΒ system fills an existing gap. Practical significance. New metasubject result of education associated withΒ the formation of personal and professional qualities the persons living and workingΒ in the information society is formulatedΠ¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π² ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ β ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅ΡΡΒ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ΅Π΄Π°Π³ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊ ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ Π²ΡΡΠΈΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΒ ΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΆΠ΄Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΌΡ Π² ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π½Π΅Π΅ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅ΡΠΈΠ΅ Π² Π·Π°ΡΡΠ±Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΏΠ΅Π΄Π°Π³ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ΅, ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ,Β ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΎ Π½Π° ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±Π°Π·ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π° Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π΅ Π·Π°ΡΡΠ±Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π° Π²ΡΡΠΈΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ; Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡ Β«Π²ΡΡΠΈΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅Β»Β Ρ ΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ, ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠΌΠΈ Π² ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΏΠ΅Π΄Π°Π³ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ΅. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. ΠΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Β«Π²ΡΡΠΈΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅Β» ΠΏΡΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎΒ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ Π·ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ Π² Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΏΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Π½ΡΡ
,Β Π°ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°Ρ
. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΎ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Β ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ² ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ. ΠΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΎ-ΠΎΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ Π²ΡΡΠΈΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠ°Ρ Π² ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, Π½Π°ΡΡΠ΄Ρ Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π΅Π³ΠΎΒ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΡ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ ΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠΌ. Π‘ ΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ Π·ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡΠ°, ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΡΡΠΈΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΒ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ· Π·Π°Π΄Π°Ρ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ°ΡΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°. Π’Π΅ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡ Β«Π²ΡΡΠΈΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅Β» ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π°Β Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠ° ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ²Π° Π·Π°Π΄Π°Ρ, Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ Π²ΡΡΠΈΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΠ±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ ΡΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡ Β«Π²ΡΡΠΈΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΌΡΡлСниС» в ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡ Π² ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΏΠ΅Π΄Π°Π³ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΈΠΉΒ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ Π² Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π». ΠΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ. ΠΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΒ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Β ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ² ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ°, ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π² ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²
Formation of the Base Elements of Digital Competences of a Future Teacher
Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΊ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΉ Π±ΡΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ.The article describes an approach to the formation of professional components of digital competencies of future educators
Atomic step motion during the dewetting of ultra-thin films
We report on three key processes involving atomic step motion during the
dewetting of thin solid films: (i) the growth of an isolated island nucleated
far from a hole, (ii) the spreading of a monolayer rim, and (iii) the zipping
of a monolayer island along a straight dewetting front. Kinetic Monte Carlo
results are in good agreement with simple analytical models assuming
diffusion-limited dynamics.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figure
Pedagogical support for professional self-determination of high school students in IT professions
Introduction. The formation of professional self-determination of high school students and the associated choice of vocational education is an urgent problem of the modern school. This paper examines the possibility of pedagogical support to solve this problem by the example of the formation of ideas about IT education and IT professions at a level sufficient for their conscious choice in Russia. The tools discussed are the school Computer Science course and, more broadly, teacher-led non-formal education in the field of computing. The aim of this article was to analyse the factors affecting the conscious choice of high school graduates of IT professions and types of professional IT education, and the possibilities of pedagogical support for the formation of this choice by means of informatics education, implemented by means of a modern information and educational environment. Methodology, methods and materials. A systematic approach was applied, i.e. not only school but also subsequent stages of professional development of students were analysed. The leading theoretical methods were the analysis of the knowledge system, generalisation, identification and resolution of contradictions in the process of self-determination of students in the IT profession. Empirical methods for collecting, analysing and interpreting empirical data were also employed. The analysis of academic publications, documents and statistical data was carried out. Results. It is shown that the main reasons for the low level of formation of the professional self-determination of high school students in the IT profession are the following factors: insufficient attention paid in the school Computer Science course to the technological aspects that underlie most of the IT professions; lack of awareness of labour functions in IT professions; lack of awareness of the content of training in various areas of higher IT education and the focus of these areas on specific IT professions; ignorance of the real demand for the countryβs economy in various IT professions. The school course in Computer Science can become a system-forming beginning in the formation of professional self-determination of high school students in the IT profession, but in its current state, it does not fully fulfill this function. The reasons are the inability to provide everyone, who wants to study Computer Science in high school at an in-depth level, the neglect in this course of the technological aspects of computing that underlie most of the IT professions, and insufficient use of the information resources of the information and educational environment of modern non-formal education. One of the ways to solve this problem is to supplement the Computer Science course with a special pre-professional training module, which will purposefully acquaint students with IT professions, with information technologies that underlie these professions, as well as the types and the content of the most popular areas of professional IT education and their connections with IT professions. To implement such a module, in addition to traditional forms of education, distance and network learning can be used, including with the involvement of university teachers and employees of leading IT companies. Scientific novelty. For the first time, the problem of pedagogical support for the formation of professional self-determination of senior high school students in the IT profession has been investigated. Practical significance. The obtained results can become the basis for improving school informatics education for the full fulfillment of the task to develop the professional self-determination of students in the IT profession.ΠΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. Π€ΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ Π½ΠΈΠΌ Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π°ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»Ρ. Π ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅Π΄Π°Π³ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΠ± ΠΠ’-ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΠ’-ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΡ
Π½Π° ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅, Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΠΎΠ·Π½Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠ°. ΠΠ±ΡΡΠΆΠ΄Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π° β ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΊΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ, Π² Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ΅, Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ΅ ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΌ Π½Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅. Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ β Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ², Π²Π»ΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΡ
Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠΎΠ·Π½Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡ Π²ΡΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΠ’-ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΠ’-ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅Π΄Π°Π³ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠ° ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎ-ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ, ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ. ΠΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΡ Π² Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π΅ Π½Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ°ΠΏΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡ, Π² ΠΈΡ
Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΅ΠΌΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. ΠΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π·Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΉ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΠ’-ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΡΠΌΠΏΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠ° Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
, ΠΈΡ
Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΆΠ΄Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅, ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΡΡ Π² Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡ
, Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΈ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π³Π»Π°Π²Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π½Π΅Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² Π½Π° ΠΠ’-ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡ: Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ΅ Π² ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΡΡΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ Π°ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΌ, Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ°ΡΠΈΠΌ Π² ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΠ’-ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΉ; ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΡΡ
Π² ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΠ’-ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΡ
; ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌ Π²ΡΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΠ’-ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΡ
Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΠ’-ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ; Π½Π΅Π·Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Ρ Π² ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΠ’-ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΡ
. Π‘ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌ Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΠΌ Π² ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² Π½Π° ΠΠ’-ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΊΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ, ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ Π² Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΠ½ Π½Π΅ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΡ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅. ΠΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ Π½Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΊΡ Π² ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠ°Ρ
Π½Π° ΡΠ³Π»ΡΠ±Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π½Π΅Π±ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π°ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΡΡΡΠΈΠ½Π³Π°, Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ°ΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π² ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ ΠΠ’-ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΉ, Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎ-ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΡΡΡΠ° ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ Π±ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΡ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡ Ρ ΠΠ’-ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ, Ρ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ, Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ°ΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π² ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΉ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π²ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΠ’-ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π΅ΠΉ Ρ ΠΠ’-ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠ»Ρ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ»Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ, Π² Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, Π² ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅ Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π²ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² Π²Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΠ’-ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΉ. ΠΠ°ΡΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°. ΠΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ° ΠΏΠ΅Π΄Π°Π³ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² Π½Π° ΠΠ’-ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π² Π Π€. ΠΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄Π°ΡΠΈΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠΌ Π·Π°Π΄Π°ΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΠ’-ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ
Computational thinking in the context of higher education: Analytical review
Introduction. Computational thinking is one of the categories that currently assess the quality of peopleβs preparedness for life, educational and professional activities in the modern world, saturated with information technologies and digital tools. Many issues related to university studentsβ computational thinking remain insufficiently studied as applied to general education. Aim. The present research aims to discuss the essence of the concept of βcomputational thinkingβ and, mainly, the composition of its structural elements, methods of their formation and assessment at the level of higher education; and to compare the requirements for university studentsβ computational thinking and digital competencies, which have similarities and differences. Methodology and research methods. The present review article has theoretical and applied aspects. Except for several fundamentally important works of general studies, which reveal the concept of βcomputational thinkingβ, the author analysed mainly review articles published in the past five years in order to identify and systematise modern solutions related to the purpose of the work. Results and scientific novelty. An analysis of the basic concepts associated with computational thinking showed that at the level of definitions, due to their certain abstractness, the computational thinking of university students does not have much specificity compared to the computational thinking of schoolchildren. This specificity is manifested at the level of the list of cognitive and non-cognitive skills associated with computational thinking, requirements for the level of their development and assessment methods. In computational thinking, cognitive skills include abstraction, decomposition, pattern recognition, algorithmisation, visualisation, logical thinking, communicative competence, the ability to present, structure and analyse data, and some others skills. Non-cognitive skills include self-confidence, communication skills, flexibility, and others. Methods for assessing the maturity of studentsβ computational thinking include the results of solving problems in block programming environments such as Scrath; knowledge/skill tests, self-assessment scales/surveys; tests on knowledge of the basics of computational thinking, interviews and observations; interviews, grades for assignments/courses, surveys/questionnaires, solving problems external to the class; the use of a special software environment, the use of criteria for assessing computational thinking and/or psychometric tools; assessments based on solving robotic problems or evaluating artifacts created during the game, and others. A comparison of computational thinking with digital competencies at the skill level leads to the conclusion that in computational thinking, skills represent a certain fixed set of meta-skills needed by a student regardless of solving specific problems (for example, abstraction skills). In digital competencies, skills are specified according to numerous types and are more specific. Practical significance. The results of this study can be used in the design of programmes for developing computational thinking and digital competencies of university students.ΠΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΡΡΠΈΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ β ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π° ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΠΉ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΌΠΈ Π² Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅ΠΉ ΠΊ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ, ΡΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π² ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅, Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΡ, ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π²ΡΡΠΈΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΊ ΡΡΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌ Π²ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ², ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ° Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ, ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ»Π°Π±Π΅Π΅, ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΊ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. Π¦Π΅Π»ΡΡ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡ Β«Π²ΡΡΠΈΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅Β», ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ Π³Π»Π°Π²Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π° Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ², ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ² ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ Π²ΡΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ β ΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡ Π²ΡΡΠΈΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΌ ΡΡΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π²ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ². ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ, ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈ. ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡ. ΠΠ° ΠΈΡΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΏΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ°, Π² ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΡΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Β«Π²ΡΡΠΈΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅Β», ΠΏΡΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ Π² ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΡΠΈ Π»Π΅Ρ Ρ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ Π²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΊ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°. ΠΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· Π±Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΈΠΉ, ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Ρ Π²ΡΡΠΈΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ, ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π», ΡΡΠΎ Π½Π° ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, Π² ΡΠΈΠ»Ρ ΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π°Π±ΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, Π²ΡΡΠΈΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π²ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ² Π½Π΅ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ Π²ΡΡΠΈΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ². Π’Π°ΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
Π½Π°Π²ΡΠΊΠΎΠ², Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
Ρ Π²ΡΡΠΈΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ, ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΊ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ² ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. Π Π²ΡΡΠΈΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ Π½Π°Π²ΡΠΊΠΈ β ΡΡΠΎ Π°Π±ΡΡΡΠ°Π³ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅, Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΡ, ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ·Π½Π°Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ, Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ, Π²ΠΈΠ·ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ, Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Ρ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠ΅. Π‘ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
Π½Π°Π²ΡΠΊΠΎΠ² Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΡ Π²Π΅ΡΡ Π² ΡΠ΅Π±Ρ, ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π±Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ, Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠ΅. Π‘ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠΈΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠΈΠ³ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π·Π°Π΄Π°Ρ Π² ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π°Ρ
Π±Π»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Scrath; ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π° Π·Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΡ/Π½Π°Π²ΡΠΊΠΈ, ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΊΠ°Π»Ρ/ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΡ; ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π° Π·Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π²ΡΡΠΈΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΡ ΠΈ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ; ΡΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ Π·Π° Π·Π°Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ/ΠΊΡΡΡΡ, ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΡ/Π°Π½ΠΊΠ΅ΡΡ, ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌ, Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΡ; ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ΅Π² ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠΈΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ/ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ²; ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ, ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π·Π°Π΄Π°Ρ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΠ², ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ³ΡΡ, ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠ΅. Π‘ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΡΡΠΈΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ Π½Π°Π²ΡΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΊ Π²ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ, ΡΡΠΎ Π² Π²ΡΡΠΈΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π°Π²ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ ΡΠΈΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Π½Π°Π±ΠΎΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½Π°Π²ΡΠΊΠΎΠ², Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΡΡ
ΡΡΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΡ Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΊ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π·Π°Π΄Π°Ρ (Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ, Π½Π°Π²ΡΠΊ Π°Π±ΡΡΡΠ°Π³ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ), Π° Π² ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π°ΠΌ ΠΈ Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅Ρ. ΠΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΡΡΠΈΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π²ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²
IT education as a factor to influence gender imbalances in computing: Comparing Russian and American experience
Introduction. The problem of the relatively small number of women professionally employed in computing (computer science and information technology) is relevant throughout the world. Despite the fact that IT professionals are widely in demand, women in many countries, including theUSA andRussia, make up no more than a quarter of their total number, which requires explanation. One of the major reasons for this phenomenon, according to the authors, lies in the education system. The aim of this article was to analyse the factors affecting gender imbalance in IT professions, by comparing two countries in which information technology has historically played an important role, and which are very different from each other in many ways β economic, political, educational system and others. Research methodology. The present research is based on the comparison of data on IT education in schools and universities, and the degree of involvement of girls and women in computing in theUSA andRussia. Results. Both in theUSA and inRussia, gender imbalances in IT professions are formed largely in the field of education. Cultural stereotypes about computing as a male-dominated profession are produced by the media. Such stereotypes can discourage some girls and young women from studying computer science and also result in imbalance formation. The education system needs to increase the confidence of girls and young women in the possibilities of realising their abilities in the field of computer science and information technologies. Educational institutions should help to eliminate the negative attitude towards girlsβ choice of IT professions. Scientific novelty. For the first time, general factors in the field of education were identified that affect gender imbalances among IT professionals inRussia and theUSA β the countries with significantly different traditions and educational systems. Practical significance of the present work is to justify the conditions for improving school and university education to solve the problem of gender inequality in IT industry.ΠΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ½, ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π·Π°Π½ΡΡΡΡ
Π² ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΡΡΡΠΈΠ½Π³Π΅ (ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΡ
), Π°ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π° Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ITΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎ Π²ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ, ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ Π²ΠΎ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π°Ρ
, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ Π‘Π¨Π ΠΈ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡ, ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡ ΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°. ΠΠ΄Π½Π° ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ ΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΏΠΎ ΠΌΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΡΡΠ΅Π·Π²ΡΡΠ°ΠΉΠ½ΠΎ Π²Π΅ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°Ρ, ΠΊΡΠΎΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ β Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ², ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΊ Π³Π΅Π½Π΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π² IT-ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΡ
, Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΡΠ° Π΄Π²ΡΡ
ΡΡΡΠ°Π½, Π² ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΡ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ ΠΎΡ Π΄ΡΡΠ³Π° ΠΏΠΎ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ°ΠΌ β ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ, ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΌ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ β ΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ IT-ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π² Π‘Π¨Π ΠΈ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ½ Π² ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π°Ρ
Π² ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΈ Π² Π‘Π¨Π, ΠΈ Π² Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π³Π΅Π½Π΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π² IT-ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΡ Π² Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ Π² ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅. ΠΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡ-ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ° ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΎΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠΈΠΏΡ ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈΡΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΌΡΠΆΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ. Π‘ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π΄Π΅Π²ΡΡΠ΅ΠΊ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡ
ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ½ Π² Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π² ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ. ΠΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Ρ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π½Π΅Π³Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊ Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΡ Π΄Π΅Π²ΡΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ IT-ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΉ. ΠΠ°ΡΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°. ΠΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡ Π² ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, Π²Π»ΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° Π³Π΅Π½Π΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ IT-ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ² Π² Π‘Π¨Π ΠΈ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ β ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π°Ρ
Ρ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΈΡ Π² ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ Π³Π΅Π½Π΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π΅ΡΠ°Π²Π΅Π½ΡΡΠ²Π° Π² IT-ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠ»ΠΈ
Analysis of vibration impact on stability of dewetting thin liquid film
Dynamics of a thin dewetting liquid film on a vertically oscillating
substrate is considered. We assume moderate vibration frequency and large
(compared to the mean film thickness) vibration amplitude. Using the
lubrication approximation and the averaging method, we formulate the coupled
sets of equations governing the pulsatile and the averaged fluid flows in the
film, and then derive the nonlinear amplitude equation for the averaged film
thickness. We show that there exists a window in the frequency-amplitude domain
where the parametric and shear-flow instabilities of the pulsatile flow do not
emerge. As a consequence, in this window the averaged description is reasonable
and the amplitude equation holds. The linear and nonlinear analyses of the
amplitude equation and the numerical computations show that such vibration
stabilizes the film against dewetting and rupture.Comment: 19 pages, 11 figure
A university-based model for supporting computer science curriculum reform
Computer science curriculum reform in the United Kingdom has been subject to substantial scrutinyβas it has in many other countries around the worldβwith England introducing a radical new computing curriculum from September 2014. However, in Walesβa devolved nation within the UKβpolitical, geographical and socio-cultural issues have to date hindered any substantive educational policy or curriculum reform for computer science. In this paper, we present the activities of Technocamps, a national university-based schools outreach programme founded in 2003, and consider its wider impact on computer science education, schools, pupils and teachers in Wales. In contrast to successful interventions elsewhere in the UK in building and sustaining communities of practice, certain political and cultural challenges in Wales have largely prevented these successful models from being adopted. Through the consideration of the national case study presented in this paper, we demonstrate the necessity of the nation-wide school- and student-focused Technocamps model in building resilient and scalable practitioner-led support networks. Furthermore, with emerging curriculum reform in Wales, we frame the wider opportunity for computer science education and sustainably embedding cross-curricular digital competenciesβalong with changing the wider public perception and perceived value of computer science as an academic disciplineβas a prospective replicable case study of a national engagement model for nations with similar aspirations of developing digitally confident and capable citizens. To this end, we conclude by drawing out the important lessons learnt for consideration when embarking on a programme of national curriculum reform and associated professional development