STUDI ASSESSMENT KERENTANAN GEDUNG FAKULTAS HUKUM UNIVERSITAS SAMRATULANGI MANADO MENGGUNAKAN METODE PUSHOVER ANALYSIS

Performance Based Earthquake Engineering (PBEE) merupakan trend terbaru perencaan maupun evaluasi bangunan terhadap gempa. Performance Based Earthquake Engineering (PBEE) dilakukan untuk memperkirakan kondisi inelastis bangunan saat terjadi gempa untuk mendapatkan level kinerjanya. Bangunan Gedung Fakultas Hukum Universitas Sam Ratulangi Manado sesuai dengan gambar kerja yang ada. Bangunan merupakan bangunan eksisting beton bertulang dengan ketinggian 13 lantai dan tinggi total bangunan 56 m dengan lebar 21 m yang akan di evaluasi berdasarkan konsep PBEE. Analisis pushover (build-in pada program SAP2000) berdasarkan ATC – 40 (capacity spectrum method) dimana kondisi kerusakan (damage states) dikategorikan dalam berbagai level, FEMA – 356 dan FEMA – 440 (displacement coefficient method) merupakan metode dengan memodifikasi respon elastic linier sistem struktur sehingga diperoleh perpindahan yang disebut sebagai target perpindahan. Dari Hasil penelitian didapat nilai perpindahan maksimum 0,998 m dan gaya geser maksimum 3017866,5 kg untuk arah X dan untuk arah Y nilai perpindahan maksimum 0,728 m dan gaya geser maksimum 2590323,88. Dari hasil evaluasi struktur FEMA 356 dan ATC 40 maka level kinerja struktur bangunan tinjauan berada pada batas antara Life Safety (LS) – Collapse Prevention (CP). Kata Kunci: Pushover analysis, Level kinerja, Kerentanan, Keruntuha

sox9b Is a Key Regulator of Pancreaticobiliary Ductal System Development

The pancreaticobiliary ductal system connects the liver and pancreas to the intestine. It is composed of the hepatopancreatic ductal (HPD) system as well as the intrahepatic biliary ducts and the intrapancreatic ducts. Despite its physiological importance, the development of the pancreaticobiliary ductal system remains poorly understood. The SRY-related transcription factor SOX9 is expressed in the mammalian pancreaticobiliary ductal system, but the perinatal lethality of Sox9 heterozygous mice makes loss-of-function analyses challenging. We turned to the zebrafish to assess the role of SOX9 in pancreaticobiliary ductal system development. We first show that zebrafish sox9b recapitulates the expression pattern of mouse Sox9 in the pancreaticobiliary ductal system and use a nonsense allele of sox9b, sox9bfh313, to dissect its function in the morphogenesis of this structure. Strikingly, sox9bfh313 homozygous mutants survive to adulthood and exhibit cholestasis associated with hepatic and pancreatic duct proliferation, cyst formation, and fibrosis. Analysis of sox9bfh313 mutant embryos and larvae reveals that the HPD cells appear to mis-differentiate towards hepatic and/or pancreatic fates, resulting in a dysmorphic structure. The intrahepatic biliary cells are specified but fail to assemble into a functional network. Similarly, intrapancreatic duct formation is severely impaired in sox9bfh313 mutants, while the embryonic endocrine and acinar compartments appear unaffected. The defects in the intrahepatic and intrapancreatic ducts of sox9bfh313 mutants worsen during larval and juvenile stages, prompting the adult phenotype. We further show that Sox9b interacts with Notch signaling to regulate intrahepatic biliary network formation: sox9b expression is positively regulated by Notch signaling, while Sox9b function is required to maintain Notch signaling in the intrahepatic biliary cells. Together, these data reveal key roles for SOX9 in the morphogenesis of the pancreaticobiliary ductal system, and they cast human Sox9 as a candidate gene for pancreaticobiliary duct malformation-related pathologies