О НАИБОЛЕЕ РАСПРОСТРАНЕННЫХ ОШИБКАХ, ДОПУСКАЕМЫХ ЭКСПЕРТАМИ ПРИ ОФОРМЛЕНИИ И ПРОИЗВОДСТВЕ ЭКСПЕРТИЗ ПО ИССЛЕДОВАНИЮ СЛЕДОВ ЧЕЛОВЕКА

The paper reviews the most common terminology and documentation mistakes in forensic expert reports on the outcomes of examinations classified under specialization 6.1 «Forensic examination of trace evidence of human and animal origin», and offers recommendations for elimination of such errors. О наиболее часто встречающихся ошибках в терминологии и оформлении заключений экспертов по специальности 6.1 «Исследование следов человека», даны рекомендации по их устранению.

Заседание рабочей группы ENFSI по дактилоскопии (Понтуаз, Франция)

The paper sums up the outcomes of the 17th Annual Meeting of the European Fingerprint Working Group (EFP-WG) that took place on September 12–15, 2017 in Pontoise, France.Представлены итоги 17-й ежегодной международной конференции дактилоскопической рабочей группы, прошедшей с 12 по 15 сентября 2017 года в г. Понтуаз (Франция)

Story-“Record” vs Spontaneous Narrative in Light of a Comparative Analysis of Linguistic Feature

A memoir-type narrative as a structured text in a certain way, represented by at least two types of oral story: (1) a repeatedly reproduced narrative (a story about the war) and (2) an unprepared segment of a speech (a story about life in Irkutsk during the existence of the USSR and after its collapse) is considered in the article. The first variety in the scientific literature was called the “record” story. In the course of comparing the two fragments related to the mentioned types of narration, the phonetic, lexical and grammatical means used by the subject of speech and reflecting the specifics of the story-“record” on the theme of war are characterized. Thanks to an integrated approach to the linguistic features of the narrative, detailed conclusions are drawn regarding its organization. It has been established that at different linguistic levels the story-“record” has certain distinctive features, the most important of which are the use of functionally loaded prosodic means and the almost complete absence of speech failures, the use of a large number of bookish lexical elements, as well as grammatical structures characteristic of the official business language, written speeches. It is proved that all the identified features allow the speaker to give the features of a collectively significant memory to personal impressions of the war

Формування і становлення органів НКВС в південній частині Бессарабії після її входження до складу УРСР (серпень 1940- лютий 1941 рр.)

Бурова Є. Д. Формування і становлення органів НКВС в південній частині Бессарабії після її входження до складу УРСР (серпень 1940-лютий 1941 рр.) / Є. Д. Бурова // Актуальні проблеми політики : зб. наук. пр. / редкол. : С. В. Ківалов (голов. ред.), Л. І. Кормич (заст. голов. ред.), Ю. П. Аленін [та ін.] ; МОНмолодьспорт України, НУ ОЮА. - Одеса : Фенікс, 2011. - Вип. 41. - С. 340-349.Annexation of Bessarabia to the USSR June 28, 1940 regardless of the circumstances under which it occurred, was an act of historical justice and radically changed the political situation, as was true of Soviet-style political system, establishing single party system a monopoly of the Communist Party and others. This article reviews formation, structure and activities of the NKVD in the South of Bessarabia from August 1940 to February 1941, its functions, namely, the fi ght against espionage, sabotage, terrorism, fi ghting anti-Soviet manifestations and anti-Soviet elements

Quantification of Residual Organochlorine Pesticides in Medicinal Plant Raw Materials Containing Terpenoids

An important indicator of the safety of plant raw materials and herbal medicinal products is the content of residual pesticides. Its determination is particularly difficult in aromatic plants characterised by a diverse composition of terpenoids co-extracting with organochlorine pesticides and forming numerous degradation products that interfere with the analysis.The aim of the study was to develop and validate an analytical procedure for the quantification of organochlorine pesticides in plant raw materials containing terpenoids, compliant with the requirements of the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation.Materials and methods: the study analysed samples of morphologically different raw materials from 21 plant species containing terpenoids. The analysis was carried out by GLC-MS on a 450-GC gas chromatograph coupled to a 220-MS ion-trap mass spectrometer (Varian, USA) using a FactorFour VF-5ms quartz capillary column (30 m × 0.25 mm).Results: the authors developed the analytical procedure for organochlorine pesticides in medicinal plant raw materials containing terpenoids. Its specificity was confirmed by retention times and mass spectra for all the tested analytes. The recovery of pesticides was studied on model mixtures of a plant raw material and ranged from 70.04 to 99.27%. The authors established the linearity using a calibration curve for internal standard (4,4'-dibromodiphenyl) concentrations from 1.0 to 18.1 µg/mL. The procedure was linear across the entire studied range; the correlation coefficient equalled 0.999. The trueness and precision of the analytical procedure met the acceptance criteria.Conclusions: the analytical procedure has been put into use at the Testing Centre of VILAR. From 2018 to 2020, 63 samples of 21 types of medicinal plant raw materials were analysed and found to be corresponding to the safety requirements for the organochlorine pesticide content. Residual pesticides were detected in the medicinal plant raw materials in few sporadic cases

ЦИФРОВИЗАЦИЯ ПРОЕКТНОГО МЕНЕДЖМЕНТА В ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОМ И МУНИЦИПАЛЬНОМ УПРАВЛЕНИИ РОССИИ

Проектный менеджмент в государственном управлении является наиболее эффективной формой взаимодействия органов власти с населением. Необходимо создать предпосылки для формирования процесса самосовершенствования системы управления в субъектах РФ, способствующего поддержанию позитивного имиджа региона и страны в целом. Цифровизация выступает отличным механизмом внедрения проектного менеджмента в управление регионом на базе трансформации системы государственного управления, ориентирами которого становятся минимальный государственный аппарат, высокая скорость принятия решений, отсутствие посредников между человеком и его данными, что позволяет индивидуализировать решения жизненных ситуаций граждан в системе «государство как платформа», которая постулируется в концепции Центра стратегических разработок начиная с 2017 года. Проектный менеджмент конкретизирует метафору «государство как платформа» в процессе цифровой трансформации оказания государственных услуг, контрольно-надзорной деятельности и принятия управленческих решений

ЦИФРОВИЗАЦИЯ ПРОЕКТНОГО МЕНЕДЖМЕНТА В ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОМ И МУНИЦИПАЛЬНОМ УПРАВЛЕНИИ РОССИИ

Проектный менеджмент в государственном управлении является наиболее эффективной формой взаимодействия органов власти с населением. Необходимо создать предпосылки для формирования процесса самосовершенствования системы управления в субъектах РФ, способствующего поддержанию позитивного имиджа региона и страны в целом. Цифровизация выступает отличным механизмом внедрения проектного менеджмента в управление регионом на базе трансформации системы государственного управления, ориентирами которого становятся минимальный государственный аппарат, высокая скорость принятия решений, отсутствие посредников между человеком и его данными, что позволяет индивидуализировать решения жизненных ситуаций граждан в системе «государство как платформа», которая постулируется в концепции Центра стратегических разработок начиная с 2017 года. Проектный менеджмент конкретизирует метафору «государство как платформа» в процессе цифровой трансформации оказания государственных услуг, контрольно-надзорной деятельности и принятия управленческих решений

A role of streptokinase in experimental post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis

Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (PSGN) refers to the sequela of the acute infection, caused by Streptococcus pyogenes (group A streptococcus, GAS). This pathology has been studied for a long time, and today attempts are being made to identify the products of their life activity, able to initiate an immunopathological process in kidneys. Most attention has been paid to streptokinase, the enzyme transforming blood plasminogen into plasmin, capable, together with the plasmin receptor (NAPlr), of damaging the glomerular tissue, as well as activating the complement system. The aim of the study was to consider two tasks: to study the ability of the GAS-obtained enzyme to transform plasminogen of different species into plasmin as well as to study its role in the development of PSGN in rabbits having subcutaneously implanted tissue chambers. The animals were infected by inoculating GAS cultures into the chambers. Materials and methods. GAS strains of M types 1, 12, 22 and their ska– isogenic mutants were used in the study. Purified plasminogen preparations were isolated from fresh human, rabbit or mouse plasma by using chromatographic column with Lysine Sepharose 4B. To reveal the ability of streptokinase to activate plasminogen into plasmin, its preparation at a concentration of 1 mg/ml was added to 10 ìg of purified human, rabbit or mouse plasminogen. The concentration of plasmin was defined photometrically using S-2251 (Chromogenix, USA). To reproduce PSGN, four chambers were implanted under the skin in each rabbit; after the complete wound healing animals were infected and observed for three weeks. On day 14, the animals were treated with benzylpenicillin. The kidneys from survived rabbits were subjected to immunohistology analysis. Results. During in vitro experiments, M1, M12 and M22 GAS streptokinase showed distinct functional activity on human plasminogen, transforming it into plasmin: optical density indicators at ë = 405 nm were 0.4–0.7 compared with the negative control (ОD < 0.001). Streptokinase did not activate mouse plasminogen (ОD = 0.001) and exerted quite a weak effect on transformation of the rabbit plasminogen into plasmin (ОD = 0.002). In experiments on PSGN induction in rabbits, we failed to detect streptokinase involvement, because no differences between initiation of glomerulonephritis by wild strains or ska– isogenic mutants were identified. Mutant strains deficient in the gene responsible for streptokinase synthesis but retained ability to bind rabbit and human IgG, caused morphological changes in kidney tissue, specific for PSGN. In addition, a comparative analysis of PSGN “rabbit” and “mouse” models developed by the same technology, was carried out and led to opposing conclusions regarding a role of streptokinase in pathogenesis of experimental glomerulonephritis. The role of IgG Fc-binding activity of GAS in development of experimental PSGN is discussed

Assessing cytokine status of patients with chronic endometritis combined with endometrial hyperplastic processes in reproductive period

The goal of our study was to examine local and serum cytokine level involved in regulating inflammation in patients with chronic endometritis combined with endometrial hyperplastic processes. On admission, all patients underwent hysteroscopy with separate diagnostic curettage followed by histological examination of samples isolated from the uterine and cervical canal mucosa. Such manipulations were indicated due to abnormal uterine bleeding as well as suspected endometrial pathology based on ultrasound examination. According to the histological examination data of the endometrial samples, all patients were divided into two groups: group I contained 45 women with CE combined with PEG without atypia; group II — 38 patients with morphologically verified CEE combined with AEG without atypia. Level of IL-1P, IL-2, IL-6, IFNy, TNFa in biological fluids (aspirate from the uterus; serum) was measured by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We found that in both groups (91.1% and 89.6%, respectively) the vast majority of patients was hospitalized due to abnormal uterine bleeding. Oligomenorrhea alternated with intermenstrual bleeding (66.7% and 71.2%, respectively) and dominated in pattern of menstrual cycle disorders in the examined patients, whereas 11 (24.4%) and 7 (18.4%) patients from group I and II, respectively, were noted to suffer from severe menstrual bleeding. Overall, analyzing the data on cytokine level both in the uterine aspirate and serum evidences about ongoing inflammatory process found at examination time point. Upon that, such process was not only local, but also exhibited signs of a systemic inflammatory response. The data on cytokine level in the uterine aspirate from patients with CE coupled to PGE or CGE without atypia point at local inflammatory process characterized by significantly increased concentration of IL-ф, IL-2, IL-6, TNFa and IFNy. At the same time, higher level of IL-ф and IFNy in patients from group II might indicates that degree of morphological changes in the endometrium could affect the level of local cytokine production. Thus, the data obtained evidence that immune changes in chronic endometritis combined with non-atypical endometrial hyperplastic processes mostly occur locally. In this regard, measuring cytokine concentration in the uterine aspirate is a diagnostic predictor and serves as a sign for monitoring therapeutic effectiveness of therapy in this cohort of patients

Определение содержания остаточных хлорорганических пестицидов в лекарственном растительном сырье, содержащем терпеноиды

An important indicator of the safety of plant raw materials and herbal medicinal products is the content of residual pesticides. Its determination is particularly difficult in aromatic plants characterised by a diverse composition of terpenoids co-extracting with organochlorine pesticides and forming numerous degradation products that interfere with the analysis.The aim of the study was to develop and validate an analytical procedure for the quantification of organochlorine pesticides in plant raw materials containing terpenoids, compliant with the requirements of the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation.Materials and methods: the study analysed samples of morphologically different raw materials from 21 plant species containing terpenoids. The analysis was carried out by GLC-MS on a 450-GC gas chromatograph coupled to a 220-MS ion-trap mass spectrometer (Varian, USA) using a FactorFour VF-5ms quartz capillary column (30 m × 0.25 mm).Results: the authors developed the analytical procedure for organochlorine pesticides in medicinal plant raw materials containing terpenoids. Its specificity was confirmed by retention times and mass spectra for all the tested analytes. The recovery of pesticides was studied on model mixtures of a plant raw material and ranged from 70.04 to 99.27%. The authors established the linearity using a calibration curve for internal standard (4,4'-dibromodiphenyl) concentrations from 1.0 to 18.1 µg/mL. The procedure was linear across the entire studied range; the correlation coefficient equalled 0.999. The trueness and precision of the analytical procedure met the acceptance criteria.Conclusions: the analytical procedure has been put into use at the Testing Centre of VILAR. From 2018 to 2020, 63 samples of 21 types of medicinal plant raw materials were analysed and found to be corresponding to the safety requirements for the organochlorine pesticide content. Residual pesticides were detected in the medicinal plant raw materials in few sporadic cases.Важным показателем безопасности лекарственного растительного сырья и лекарственных растительных препаратов является содержание остаточных количеств пестицидов. Особую сложность представляет определение пестицидов в лекарственном растительном сырье эфиромасличных растений, характеризующихся разнообразным составом терпеноидов, которые соизвлекаются вместе с хлорорганическими пестицидами и образуют множество продуктов деградации, мешающих определению.Цель работы: разработка и валидация аналитической методики определения хлорорганических пестицидов в лекарственном растительном сырье, содержащем терпеноиды, в соответствии с требованиями Государственной фармакопеи Российской Федерации.Материалы и методы: в исследовании были использованы образцы лекарственного растительного сырья 21 вида растений, содержащих терпеноиды, различных морфологических групп. Анализ проводили методом ГЖХ-МС на хромато-масс-спектрометре 450GC-220MS (Varian, США) с масс-анализатором типа «ионная ловушка», с кварцевой капиллярной колонкой FactorFour VF-5ms (30 м × 0,25 мм).Результаты: разработана методика определения хлорорганических пестицидов в лекарственном растительном сырье, содержащем терпеноиды. Подтверждена специфичность методики для всех анализируемых соединений по времени удерживания и масс-спектру. Полнота извлечения пестицидов оценивалась на модельных смесях лекарственного растительного сырья и составила 70,04–99,27%. Для установления линейности методики использовался метод построения калибровочного графика для внутреннего стандарта (4,4'-дибромдифенил) в диапазоне концентраций от 1,0–18,1 мкг/мл. Линейная зависимость наблюдалась во всем изучаемом диапазоне, коэффициент корреляции составил 0,999. Правильность и прецизионность методики соответствовали критериям приемлемости.Выводы: методика внедрена в работу Испытательного центра ФГБНУ ВИЛАР. С 2018 по 2020 гг. проанализировано 63 образца 21 вида лекарственного растительного сырья, поступившего на анализ, и выявлено, что оно удовлетворяет требованиям безопасности по содержанию хлорорганических пестицидов. Случаи выявления остаточных количеств пестицидов в лекарственном растительном сырье носят единичный характер.