Investigations on the Role of Thyroxine in the Development of Hepatomas in Hypophysectomized Rats and Pituitary Dwarf Mice

IT has been shown that the susceptibility of epithelial tissues to powerful chemical carcinogens is not a constant entity determined solely by the genetic constitution but varies according to the endocrine status of the experimental animal. The importance of the endocrine status is easily demonstrated when the liver is the target organ of the carcinogen, because the difference between the response of the intact and that of the hypophysectomized (Griffin, Rinfret and Corsigilia, 1953) or thyroidectomized (Bielschowsky and Hall, 1953) rat to hepatoma inducing agents is of an order of magnitude sufficient to make statistical treatment of results superfluous. After ablation of these glands the liver is refractory to azo dyes as well as to aminofluorene and its derivatives. How this effect comes about is still problematical; neither has the role of individual hormones been elucidated, nor is it certain whether the hormonal requirements necessary for the development of liver tumours are the same for all agents (O'Neal, Hoffman, Dodge and Griffin, 1958; Dodge, O'Neal, Chang and Griffin, 1961). The experiments presented in this paper were designed to enquire once more into the role of the thyroid hormone in the pathogenesis of hepatomas. It was expected that findings obtained in hypophysectomized rats and in pituitary dwarf mice would be more amenable to interpretation than those obtained in intact or thyroidectomized rats and allow a sharper distinction between direct and indirect effects of the thyroid hormone to be made

The role of Australian local governments in creating a healthy, sustainable and equitable food system: Results of a policy mapping study in New South Wales and Victoria

Transformation of the food system is required to ensure food security for an increasing global population within finite planetary and climate boundaries. While much attention has been paid to how state and national governments can influence food systems, less is known about the role of Australian local governments in addressing these health, sustainability, and equity challenges. This report provides a summary of a policy mapping study conducted by researchers from the University of Sydney, University of Wollongong, and William Angliss Institute of TAFE (Melbourne)

A strategy for development with income redistribution: the minimum wage and growth fronts in Mexico

The purpose of this study is to contribute to the discussion on the viability and potential impact of substantially increasing the pay of the lowest-income workers. To this end, a set of simulations are carried out using the input-output matrix to assess the impact on economic variables of increasing the minimum wage. The analysis yields very favourable indications for the viability of growth with income redistribution in Mexico, based essentially on the domestic mass consumption market. Stimulating growth in demand from the lowest-income households has a favourable impact on GDP and employment and only a relatively small effect on both inflation and imports, which grow by much less than they have with the model that has operated over recent decades

Estrategia de desarrollo con redistribución del ingreso: el salario mínimo y los frentes de expansión en México

El objetivo de este estudio es contribuir a la discusión sobre la viabilidad y el alcance potencial de aumentar sustancialmente las remuneraciones de los trabajadores con menores ingresos. Para ello, se realizan un conjunto de simulaciones con la matriz de insumo-producto que permiten evaluar el impacto en las variables económicas del aumento del salario mínimo. El análisis muestra indicaciones muy favorables sobre la viabilidad del crecimiento con redistribución del ingreso en México, basado esencialmente en el mercado interno de consumo en masa. Al incentivar el crecimiento de la demanda de las familias con menores ingresos, se logra incidir de manera favorable en el PIB y el empleo. Dicho incentivo tiene un efecto relativamente pequeño tanto en términos de inflación como en las importaciones, cuyas variaciones son muy inferiores a las registradas con el modelo vigente en las últimas décadas

The length-tension diagrams of human oblique muscles in trochlear palsy and strabismus sursoadductorius

We determined the relation between length and tension in detached oblique muscles of 16 strabismus patients that underwent surgery, before and during contraction evoked by intravenous administration of succinylcholine. We frequently found a nonlinear relation between length and tension, unlike our previous findings in recti. In superior oblique palsies, the superior oblique was found, before injection of succinylcholine, to be stiff after elongation, and did not contract after injection of succinylcholine, while the ipsilateral inferior oblique contract after injection of succinylcholine, but with a higher spring constant than did usual. In 3 cases the superior oblique contracted vividly after administration of succinylcholine despite the presence of excyclotropia, stereopsis, torticollis (2 cases) and a hypertropia that increased in adduction, in downgaze, in adduction-and-downgaze and on ipsilateral head-tilt. The finding of a vividly contracting superior oblique is incompatible with the diagnosis of a complete superior oblique palsy. We conclude that some of the cases diagnosed as congenital superior oblique palsy, having a hypertropia increasing in adduction, in downgaze, in adduction-and-downgaze and on ipsilateral head-tilt, are in fact cases of unilateral strabismus sursoadductorius (upshoot in adduction), a non-paretic motility disorder

Generalized oscillator strength for Na 3s-3p transition

Generalized oscillator strengths (GOS's) for the Na $3s -3p$ transition have been investigated using the spin-polarized technique of the random phase approximation with exchange (RPAE) and the first Born approximation (FBA), focussing our attention on the position of the minimum. Intershell correlations are found to influence the position of the minimum significantly, but hardly that of the maximum. The RPAE calculation predicts for the first time the positions of the minimum and maximum at momentum transfer, $K$ values of 1.258 a.u. and 1.61 a.u., respectively. The former value is within the range of values extracted from experimental measurements, $K=1.0-1.67$ a.u.. We recommend careful experimental search for the minimum around the predicted value for confirmation.Comment: 11 pages, 2figure