Determination of the impact of strain rate on dynamic recrystallization of hot-deformed 2205 duplex stainless steel

2205 duplex stainless steel suffers poor hot workability, especially whe1981hot-deformed. This investigation aims to determine the strain rate’s effect on the material’s dynamic recrystallization after heat treatment. Secondly, to ascertain the critical strain at which the recrystallization occurs. The as-rolled material was subjected to heat treatment at 1340 °C for some time. After heat treatment, the yielded equiaxed austenite morphology was used for this investigation. Gleeble 1500™ thermo-mechanical was used as a simulant in uniaxial compression mode. The deformation temperature was set at 850 °C, with maximum strain at 0.8 and carried out at 0.001 s-1, 0.01 s-1, 0.1 s-1, 1 s-1, 5 s-1 strain rates. The microstructure of before and after heat-treatment was evaluated using a light microscope, while the critical factors (stress and strain) were determined through the stress-strain curve. It was observed that the lowest strain rate generated the maximum critical stress and critical strain at 191.99 MPa and 0.08283, respectively. However, at the highest strain rate, the maximum critical stress and critical strain experienced by the material were at 336.32 MPa and 0.17577. Overall, it was established that the applied stain rate influenced the critical strain and stress of the material. It can be concluded that dynamic recrystallization can occur at any strain rate, but the applied stress determines the extent of the phenomenon

BLOOM+1: Adding Language Support to BLOOM for Zero-Shot Prompting

The BLOOM model is a large publicly available multilingual language model, but its pretraining was limited to 46 languages. To extend the benefits of BLOOM to other languages without incurring prohibitively large costs, it is desirable to adapt BLOOM to new languages not seen during pretraining. In this work, we apply existing language adaptation strategies to BLOOM and benchmark its zero-shot prompting performance on eight new languages in a resource-constrained setting. We find language adaptation to be effective at improving zero-shot performance in new languages. Surprisingly, we find that adapter-based finetuning is more effective than continued pretraining for large models. In addition, we discover that prompting performance is not significantly affected by language specifics, such as the writing system. It is primarily determined by the size of the language adaptation data. We also add new languages to BLOOMZ, which is a multitask finetuned version of BLOOM capable of following task instructions zero-shot. We find including a new language in the multitask fine-tuning mixture to be the most effective method to teach BLOOMZ a new language. We conclude that with sufficient training data language adaptation can generalize well to diverse languages. Our code is available at https://github.com/bigscience-workshop/multilingual-modeling

Speciation study of the heavy metals in commercially available recharge cards coatings in Nigeria and the health implication

This work assessed levels of heavy metals exposure from silver coatings of mobile phones recharge cards of three major companies (designated as A, B and C) with price denominations 100, 200 and 400 from companies A, B and C respectively, which were carefully scratched using a plastic scraper into a glass tube. The coatings were acid digested for total metal concentration, while speciation experiment for Mn, Cu, Cd and Pb was carried out. Total metals and speciation analysis were done using AAS and XRF techniques. The total metal concentration from XRF analysis was in the range: Ca (70–2140 μg/g), K (20–4930 μg/g), Sc (80–270 μg/g), Ti (1530–12,580 μg/g), Fe (50–6660 μg/g), Ni (20–2040 μg/g), Cu (20–850 μg/g) and Zn (40–460 μg/g). Cr had the lowest concentration (10 μg/g) in A (400) while Ti had the highest concentration (12,580 μg/g) in C (500) for all the coatings analyzed. AAS and XRF results agreed closely except for Fe with higher concentration. A (100) contained high concentration of the metals compared with others. Speciation study identified Mn as the most mobile element when present in the environment

Intra-Operative Imprint Cytology and Cytologic Pattern of Overian Lesions.

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