A convenient route to optically pure α-alkyl-β-(sec-amino)alanines

The cyclization of N-Boc-α-alkylserines to corresponding β-lactones under Mitsunobu reaction conditions and the ring opening with heterocyclic amines (pyrrolidine, piperidine, morpholine and thiomorpholine) produced N-Boc-α-alkyl-β-(sec-amino)alanines. The removal of the Boc group gives di-hydrochlorides of non-protein amino acids

Potential therapeutic role of cationic peptides in three experimental models of septic shock

The therapeutic efficacies of buforin II, indolicidin, and KFFKFFKFF were investigated in three rat models of septic shock: (i) rats injected intraperitoneally with 10 microg of Escherichia coli O111:B4 lipopolysaccharide, (ii) rats given an intraperitoneal injection of 2 x 10(10) CFU of Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, and (iii) rats in which intra-abdominal sepsis was induced via cecal ligation and single puncture. All animals were randomized to receive parenterally isotonic sodium chloride solution, 1 mg of buforin II per kg of body weight, 1 mg of indolicidin per kg, 1 mg of KFFKFFKFF per kg, and 20 mg of imipenem per kg. The main outcome measures were bacterial growth in abdominal exudate and plasma, endotoxin and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) concentrations in plasma, and lethality. Treatment with all peptides resulted in significant reductions in plasma endotoxin and TNF-alpha concentrations compared with those resulting from the imipenem and saline treatments. On the other hand, imipenem treatment significantly reduced the levels of bacterial growth compared with the reductions achieved with the peptide and saline treatments. All compounds reduced the rates of death compared to that for the controls. Although the peptides demonstrated lower levels of antimicrobial activity than imipenem, they exhibited the dual properties of antimicrobial and antiendotoxin agents