6 research outputs found

    Molluscicidal and feeding deterrent activity of crude plant extracts on Pomacea maculate Perry

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    This study was focused on molluscicidal effect and feeding deterrent activity of saponin from five different plant materials; Andrographis paniculata, Entada spiralis, Ficus deltoidea, Furcraea selloa and Ipomoea batatas. Crude plant extracts were prepared from plant powders using methanol. The crude extracts were then tested on Pomacea maculata using five different concentrations (5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 ppm, respectively) against niclosamide (control). After 72 h of exposure, the highest percentage of mortality of 80% was achieved from 15 ppm of F. selloa. Two analyses were conducted to observe the feeding deterrent activity and after 24 h, both analyses demonstrated the feeding deterrent activity in both crude extracts (F. selloa and E. spiralis) similar in niclosamide

    Preparation and characterization of neem oil nanoemulsion formulations against Sitophilus oryzae and Tribolium castaneum adults

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    This study aimed to improve the efficacy of azadirachtin (Azadirachta indica. A. Juss) against two serious pest species of stored products, Sitophilus oryzae (L.) and Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), through nano-emulsion formulations. Pseudoternary phase diagrams were constructed consisting of an emulsion system of an active ingredient (neem oil), surfactant (polysorbate or alkylpolyglucoside), and water. Isotropic regions were formed in the pseudoternary phase diagrams, and four formulations were selected from the isotropic regions and characterized according to particle size, particle aging, zeta potential, stability and thermostability, surface tension, viscosity, and pH. The selected formulations showed particle sizes of 208–507 nm in diameter. The result of contact toxicity demonstrated excellent mortality of S. oryzae and T. castaneum adults, with a mortality range of 85–100% and 74–100%, respectively, at a 1% azadirachtin concentration after only 2 days of exposure. Compared to non-formulated neem oil, the nano-emulsion formulations significantly increased the mortality of the tested species

    Secondary poisoning in captive barn owls Tyto alba javanica from feeding with rats poisoned with chlorophacinone and bromadiolone

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    The poten­tial sec­ondary haz­ards of two anti-coagulant roden­ti­cides com­monly used in Malaysian oil palm plan­ta­tions were eval­u­ated through feed­ing tri­als with cap­tive barn owls. A total of 12 adult barn owls (six pairs) were assigned to two roden­ti­cide treat­ments and a con­trol. The two treat­ments were rats fed with bro­ma­di­olone (0.005% a.i) and chloropha­ci­none (0.005% a.i) respec­tively. All roden­ti­cide treated owls received four poi­soned rats at Day 1, 3, 5 and 7 and a non-poisoned rat on each inter­ven­ing day for 30 days. Each barn owl of the con­trol group received a non-poisoned rat through­out the study. The reli­a­bil­ity of a non-invasive tech­nique such as an esti­ma­tion of anti-coagulant roden­ti­cide residue in regur­gi­tated pel­lets and blood sam­ples, were also eval­u­ated. Barn owls showed behav­ioural aber­ra­tions such as coarse breath­ing, fre­quent clos­ing of the eyes and reduced fly­ing activ­ity as early as Day 5 after con­sum­ing three poi­soned rats. The weight recorded at Day 7 after treat­ment showed that all treated owls reg­is­tered a reduc­tion in weight. The owls in the con­trol group on the con­trary gained weight. Bro­ma­di­olone and chloropha­ci­none were found to have high degree of tox­i­c­ity on cap­tive barn owls. After feed­ing the birds with as few as four poi­soned rats in a week the signs of tox­i­c­ity in birds such as haem­or­rhages (beak) and haematoma (wing) were found. This find­ing is very cru­cial since barn owls have been reported to con­sume up to three rats per night and this would cer­tainly increase their poten­tial expo­sure to lethal sec­ondary poi­son­ing. The detec­tion of residue in the pel­lets regur­gi­tated by barn owls can be used to indi­cate expo­sure of the lat­ter to both com­pounds. How­ever, as the blood residue method is lim­ited to the expo­sure dura­tion of the com­pounds, this tech­nique can only detect recent expo­sure to bro­ma­di­olone and chloropha­ci­none. The amount of residue detected in the pel­let sam­ples for chloropha­ci­none was 69.9 to 81.6 μg per day or equiv­a­lent to 17.2% to 27.4% of the com­pound con­sumed and cor­re­spond­ing value for bro­ma­di­olone was 27.2% to 34.5% (72.24 – 85.77 μg per day). This sug­gests that the amount of bro­ma­di­olone retained in the tis­sue of the rats was higher than that of chloropha­ci­none. Thus, barn owls face a greater poten­tial for sec­ondary poi­son­ing from bro­ma­di­olone rather than chloropha­ci­none as can be deduced from this study

    Solar heater system to disinfect seeds

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    A solar heater box for treatment of seeds which comprise of a layered reflective surface having a square-based pyramid frustum shape, wherein the inner layer and of the surface reflects and focuses radiant energy into a receiving platform, providing substantially uniform heating along the receiving platform, wherein the outer layer and of the solar heater is adapted to provide thermal insulation to the solar heater box

    Relationship between Metisa plana and its parasitoids (braconidae and ichneumonidae) at different time-lags in oil palm plantation

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    Bagworm or Metisa plana, is the most important defoliator insect in the oil palm cultivation, while parasitoids such as Braconidae and Ichneumonidae are the common main natural enemies for bagworm. Although the relationship between natural enemies with its insect pest has been broadly investigated, little is dedicated for assessing the delayed effects of the bagworm population on parasitoids. In this study, the abundance relationship between bagworm and its common parasitoids (Braconidae and Ichneumonidae) was assessed at different time-lags under field condition. Bagworm censuses for instar stages first (L1) to seven (L7) were conducted biweekly in an oil palm plantation belongs to TH Plantation Berhad in Muadzam Shah, Pahang from July 2016 to July 2017, along with bagworm’s parasitoid from Braconidae and Ichneumonidae family. The results revealed that Braconidae presence was associated positively with bagworm at week 6 to 12, whereby the associations were stronger for late instar stages. On the other hand, Ichneumonidae presence was positively related to middle instar stages at early time-lag i.e. week 2 to 6. In other words, Ichneumonidae population is expected to increase after 2 to 6 weeks given increasing population of bagworm, while Braconidae population is likely to rise after 6 to 12 weeks of the increasing population of bagworm
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