Results from the Survey of Antibiotic Resistance (SOAR) 2014–16 in Ukraine and the Slovak Republic

S. pneumoniae isolates collected in Ukraine (n"100) showed susceptibility 97% fratesor amoxicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, penicillin [intravenous (iv) non-meningitis] and fluoroquinolones, between 83% and 86% for oral penicillin, macrolides and cefaclor, and 75% for trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. Susceptibility was substantially lower in the Slovak Republic (n"95). All isolates were susceptible to ratesthe fluoroquinolones, but susceptibility to penicillin, amoxicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, cefuroxime and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole varied between 61% and 64%, with only 44% of isolates susceptible to the macrolides. Susceptibility of H. influenzaewasmorehomogeneous,with susceptibilitytoamoxicillin/clavulanic acid,ceftriaxone,cefuroxime, azithromycin and the fluoroquinolones seen in .90% of isolates by CLSI criteria in both countries. Much greater variability was seen across breakpoints, especially for azithromycin, cefaclor and cefuroxime. The b-lactamase rate was 5.1% (5/98) in the Slovak Republic and 7.3% (7/96) in Ukraine, but the Slovak Republic also had a relativelyhighrateofb-lactamase-negative-ampicillin-resistant(BLNAR)isolates(7.1%;7/98)