6,695 research outputs found
Engine health monitoring: An advanced system
The advanced propulsion monitoring system is described. The system was developed in order to fulfill a growing need for effective engine health monitoring. This need is generated by military requirements for increased performance and efficiency in more complex propulsion systems, while maintaining or improving the cost to operate. This program represents a vital technological step in the advancement of the state of the art for monitoring systems in terms of reliability, flexibility, accuracy, and provision of user oriented results. It draws heavily on the technology and control theory developed for modern, complex, electronically controlled engines and utilizes engine information which is a by-product of such a system
Macroscopic limits of individual-based models for motile cell populations with volume exclusion
Partial differential equation models are ubiquitous in studies of motile cell populations, giving a phenomenological description of events which can be analyzed and simulated using a wide range of existing tools. However, these models are seldom derived from individual cell behaviors and so it is difficult to accurately include biological hypotheses on this spatial scale. Moreover, studies which do attempt to link individual- and population-level behavior generally employ lattice-based frameworks in which the artifacts of lattice choice at the population level are unclear. In this work we derive limiting population-level descriptions of a motile cell population from an off-lattice, individual-based model (IBM) and investigate the effects of volume exclusion on the population-level dynamics. While motility with excluded volume in on-lattice IBMs can be accurately described by Fickian diffusion, we demonstrate that this is not the case off lattice. We show that the balance between two key parameters in the IBM (the distance moved in one step and the radius of an individual) determines whether volume exclusion results in enhanced or slowed diffusion. The magnitude of this effect is shown to increase with the number of cells and the rate of their movement. The method we describe is extendable to higher-dimensional and more complex systems and thereby provides a framework for deriving biologically realistic, continuum descriptions of motile populations
Asymptotic Level Spacing of the Laguerre Ensemble: A Coulomb Fluid Approach
We determine the asymptotic level spacing distribution for the Laguerre
Ensemble in a single scaled interval, , containing no levels,
E_{\bt}(0,s), via Dyson's Coulomb Fluid approach. For the
Unitary-Laguerre Ensemble, we recover the exact spacing distribution found by
both Edelman and Forrester, while for , the leading terms of
, found by Tracy and Widom, are reproduced without the use of the
Bessel kernel and the associated Painlev\'e transcendent. In the same
approximation, the next leading term, due to a ``finite temperature''
perturbation (\bt\neq 2), is found.Comment: 10pp, LaTe
Magnetic ionization fronts II: Jump conditions for oblique magnetization
We present the jump conditions for ionization fronts with oblique magnetic
fields. The standard nomenclature of R- and D-type fronts can still be applied,
but in the case of oblique magnetization there are fronts of each type about
each of the fast- and slow-mode speeds. As an ionization front slows, it will
drive first a fast- and then a slow-mode shock into the surrounding medium.
Even for rather weak upstream magnetic fields, the effect of magnetization on
ionization front evolution can be important. [Includes numerical MHD models and
an application to observations of S106.]Comment: 9 pages, 10 figures, Latex, to be published in MNRA
The tails in the Helix Nebula NGC 7293
We have examined a stream-source model for the production of the cometary
tails observed in the Helix Nebula NGC 7293 in which a transonic or moderately
supersonic stream of ionized gas overruns a source of ionized gas. Hydrodynamic
calculations reveal velocity structures which are in good agreement with the
observational data on tail velocities and are consistent with observations of
the nebular structure. The results also are indicative of a stellar atmosphere
origin for the cometary globules. Tail remnants persist for timescales long
enough for their identification with faint striations visible in the nebula gas
to be plausible.Comment: 7 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in A&
Clumpy Ultracompact HII Regions I: Fully Supersonic Wind-blown Models
We propose that a significant fraction of the ultracompact HII regions found
in massive star-forming clouds are the result of the interaction of the wind
and ionizing radiation from a young massive star with the clumpy molecular
cloud gas in its neighbourhood. Distributed mass loading in the flow allows the
compact nebulae to be long-lived. In this paper, we discuss a particularly
simple case, in which the flow in the HII region is everywhere supersonic. The
line profiles predicted for this model are highly characteristic, for the case
of uniform mass loading. We discuss briefly other observational diagnostics of
these models.Comment: To appear in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 5
pages LaTeX (uses mn.sty and epsf.sty macros) + 4 PS figures. Also available
via http://axp2.ast.man.ac.uk:8000/Preprints.htm
The Problem of the "Prebiotic and Never Born Proteins"
It has been argued that the limited set of proteins used by life as we know
it could not have arisen by the process of Darwinian selection from all
possible proteins. This probabilistic argument has a number of implicit
assumptions that may not be warranted. A variety of considerations are
presented to show that the number of amino-acid sequences that need have been
sampled during the evolution of proteins is far smaller than assumed by the
argument.Comment: 14 Pages; International Journal of Astrobiology / FirstView Article /
October 2012, pp 1
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