Production of hemo- and immunoregulatory cytokines by erythroblast antigen(+ )and glycophorin A(+ )cells from human bone marrow

BACKGROUND: Erythroid nuclear cells (ENC) of the bone marrow (BM) have not previously been considered as important producers of wide spectrum of haemo- and immunoregulatory cytokines. The aim of the current work was to confirm the production of the main hemo- and immunoregulatory cytokines in human ENC from BM. RESULTS: We used native human BM ENC in our experiments. We for the first time have shown, that the unstimulated erythroblasts (Gl A(+ )or AG-EB(+)) produced a wide spectrum of immunoregulatory cytokines. Human BM ENC produce cytokines such as interleukn (IL)-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, interferon (IFN)-γ, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and IL-10. They can be sub-divided into glycophorin A positive (Gl A(+)) and erythroblast antigen positive (AG-EB(+)) cells. To study potential differences in cytokine expression between these subsets, ENC were isolated and purified using specific antibodies to Gl A and AG-EB and the separated cells were cultivated for 24 hours. The cytokine contents of the supernatant were measured by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Quantitative differences in TGF-β1 and TNF-α production were found between Gl A(+ )and AG-EB(+ )BM ENC. Furthermore, in vitro addition of erythropoietin (EPO) reduced IFN-γ and IL-2 production specifically by the AG-EB(+ )ENC. Thus, Gl A(+ )and AG-EB(+ )ENC produce IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IFN-γ, TGF-β1 and TNF-α. Gl A(+ )ENC also produce IL-10. CONCLUSION: Cytokine production by erythroid nuclear cells suggests that these cells might be involved in regulating the proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic and immunocompetent cells in human BM

Precursor synthesis and properties of iron and lithium co-doped cadmium oxide

Lithium and iron co-doped cadmium oxide Cd0.9(Li1-xFex)0.1O (x = 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7) with NaCl structure has been synthesized using formate of the composition Cd0.9(Li1-xFex)0.1(HCOO)2·2H2O as a precursor. The NMR spectroscopy results demonstrate that the structure of lithium-doped cadmium oxide appears to have impurity centers only of one type. All the synthesized samples show a metal-like conductivity as indicated by the growth of their electrical resistance with temperature increasing in the interval 78–330 K. The study of the magnetic properties of the Cd0.9(Li1-xFex)0.1O samples at 5 and 300 K revealed that they are ferromagnets, whose saturation magnetization increases with the iron concentration both at low and room temperature reaching the maximal values in the samples with a Li and Fe concentration of 3 and 7 at.%, respectively. An enhancement of the iron concentration in Cd0.9(Li1-xFex)0.1O from x = 0.5 to x = 0.7 leads to an abrupt growth of the magnetization from 0.30 to 1.94 emu/g at 5 K and from 0.16 to 1.03 emu/g at 300 K. Iron doping with a simultaneous reduction of the lithium concentration also results in an increase of the band gap. The properties of these compounds are explained on the basis of first-principles calculations of their band structure.The research was carried out within the state assignment of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation (theme “Spin”, No. AAAA-A18-118020290104-2), supported in part by “Electrical Engineering” Shanghai class 2 Plateau Discipline, the Government of the Russian Federation (Decree No. 211, Contract No. 02.A03.21.0006), “Electrical Engineering” Shanghai class 2 Plateau Discipline and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC, Nos. 12074242, 51862032). Absorption spectra were obtained using the equipment at the Center for Joint Use "Spectroscopy and Analysis of Organic Compounds" at the Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, UB RAS. The optical measurements were carried out in accordance with the scientific and research plans and state assignment of the Institute of Solid State Chemistry, UB RAS (Grant No. AAAA-A19-119031890025-9). E.V.C. acknowledges funding by Saint Petersburg State University project for scientific investigations (ID No. 73028629). TPeer reviewe

Heat storage materials based on polymers modified with functionalized carbon nanotubes

The article presents studies of nanomodified materials based on paraffin waxes with polyethylene as heat-storage materials. Accumulation of thermal energy is possible when converting electrical energy into thermal energy. In this case, the accumulation of thermal energy can occur as a central zone of nanomodified materials, and at its ends. This is due to the location of the electrodes in nanomodified materials. When CNT was mixed with polyethylene and the mixture was subsequently heated on the surface of a CNT, a homogeneous PE layer of a special structure was formed. The presented feature of the interaction can be considered as a special case of functionalization

Heat storage materials based on polymers modified with functionalized carbon nanotubes

The article presents studies of nanomodified materials based on paraffin waxes with polyethylene as heat-storage materials. Accumulation of thermal energy is possible when converting electrical energy into thermal energy. In this case, the accumulation of thermal energy can occur as a central zone of nanomodified materials, and at its ends. This is due to the location of the electrodes in nanomodified materials. When CNT was mixed with polyethylene and the mixture was subsequently heated on the surface of a CNT, a homogeneous PE layer of a special structure was formed. The presented feature of the interaction can be considered as a special case of functionalization

CNTs-modified polyethylene/paraffin composite for electric heaters

The present paper describes paraffin/polyethylene-based composites modified with functionalized carbon nanotubes with the ratio ‘length : diameter” of “10:1…100:1”. These composites possess electrical conductivity and are capable of generating heat under direct current supply conditions. The experiments performed showed that under the action of electric current, the composites are heated up to the stable temperature of 48.3 °C. The effect of maintaining such a temperature is associated with the availability of paraffin in the material composition

Modelling of carbon nanotube functionalization processes

In the present paper, kinetic regularities of oxidative functionalization of carbon nanotubes in nitric acid vapors are studied. The catalytic effect of transition metal oxide particles on the formation of carboxyl groups is shown. Based on the information about changes in the degree of functionalization and composition of gaseous reaction products, the effective values of the thermal effect of the implemented process are determined. A model of the temperature field of the reaction zone of the gas-phase oxidative functionalization of carbon nanotubes process is proposed, thereby making it possible to determine the structural and mode parameters of the equipment

CNTs-modified polyethylene/paraffin composite for electric heaters

The present paper describes paraffin/polyethylene-based composites modified with functionalized carbon nanotubes with the ratio ‘length : diameter” of “10:1…100:1”. These composites possess electrical conductivity and are capable of generating heat under direct current supply conditions. The experiments performed showed that under the action of electric current, the composites are heated up to the stable temperature of 48.3 °C. The effect of maintaining such a temperature is associated with the availability of paraffin in the material composition

Functionalization of MWCNTs for Bioelectrocatalysis by Bacterial Two-Domain Laccase from <i>Catenuloplanes japonicus</i>

This study was carried out in order to assess several modifications of carbon nanotube-based nanomaterials for their applications in laccase electrodes and model biofuel cells. The modified MWCNTs served as adapters for the immobilization of laccase from Catenuloplanes japonicus VKM Ac-875 on the surface of electrodes made of graphite rods and graphite paste. The electrochemical properties of the electrodes were tested in linear and cyclic voltammetrical measurements for the determination of the redox potential of the enzyme and achievable current densities. The redox potential of the enzyme was above 500 mV versus NHE, while the highest current densities reached hundreds of µA/cm2. Model biofuel cells on the base of the laccase cathodes had maximal power values from 0.4 to 2 µW. The possibility of practical application of such BFCs was discussed