SISTEM POLITIK DAN PEMERINTAHAN INDONESIA SETELAH REFORMASI

Sejak kemerdekaan, sistem politik dan pemerintahan Indonesia telah mengalami beberapa kali perubahan. Dalam rangka mencari bentuk-bentuk politik yang sesuai dengan kondisi Indonesia dan untuk mewujudkan pemerintahan yang stabil, demokratis, dan menciptakan masyarakat yang sejahtera. Pada masa “Orde Lama” (1945-1959), terdapat sistem politik dan pemerintahan yang demokratis tetapi pada saat yang sama pembangunan ekonomi dan kesejahteraan masyarakat diabaikan. Setelah upaya kudeta pada 1 Oktober 1965, di mana militer mengambil alih kekuasaan, mereka mengarahkan sistem politik dan pemerintahan untuk mewujudkan pembangunan ekonomi dan kemakmuran. Pada masa itu terbentuk sistem politik dan pemerintahan yang stabil tetapi tidak demokratis dan timbul penyalahgunaan kekuasaan. Pengalaman masa lalu yang sangat keduanya, berantakan di satu sisi dan cukup di sisi lain mencoba direkonstruksi oleh sistem presidensial dan parlementer campuran. Nyatanya eksperimen itu menciptakan pemerintahan dan kohabitasi yang terbagi. Disadari bahwa rekonstruksi infrastruktur politik seperti masyarakat dan partai politik merupakan kunci pembangunan politik dan pemerintahan.Kata Kunci : Politik, kemerdekaa

Retraction Note: An apoptosis-enhancing drug overcomes platinum resistance in a tumour-initiating subpopulation of ovarian cancer.

This Article has been retracted; see accompanying Retraction Note

Household investments in structured financial products: pulled or pushed?

Session 175 - Crisis: Individual InvestorsStructured financial products including credit-linked notes and collateralized debt obligations were popular before the credit crisis but then delivered substantial loss to investors. Driver for investment decision in those products is key to understanding the fundamental causes of the crisis. Classical portfolio theory suggests that investors would shun away from unfamiliar financial products. This familiarity bias holds especially for unsophisticated household investors. The rapid growth of structured products market, the newest financial innovations, presents an opportune setting to test such conventional wisdoms. Using unique household investment data from Hong Kong, we show that product distributors' selling intensity is an important determinant for investors' allocation in structured products. On the other hand, more financially literate investors, who are more capable of optimizing asset allocation, include less structured products into their portfolios. Important determinants according to mean-variance analysis, such as product premium, have little explanatory power to investor's allocation decisions. Our finding suggests that investments in structured products prior to the credit crisis were more likely to be pulled by distributors. This paper demonstrates the importance of financial literacy for investment decisions.postprintThe 2010 Annual Meeting of the Financial Management Association (FMA), New York, N.Y., 20-23 October 2010

Household investments in structured financial products: pulled or pushed?

Why did individual investors buy structured financial products? Were they too greedy to consider the risk involved? Or did the banks lure them to buy? Using unique household investment data from Hong Kong, we show that investor demand of such products (the ‘push’ effect) was not the key driver. Important determinants according to portfolio theories, such as product premium, have little explanatory power to investor's actual allocation decisions. More financially literate investors who can form reasonable expectations about stocks bought less. Education, IQ, and relationship with the distributing banks are statistically significant explanatory variables. However, we can only explain one-fifth of the cross-sectional variations of investment in structured products. The rest could be due to bounded rational investor behaviors and mis-selling by distributors.postprintThe 17th Conference on the Theories and Practices of Securities and Financial Markets, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, 11-12 December 2009

Mixed (s+id)-wave order parameters in the Van Hove scenario

In the Van Hove scenario including orthorhombic distortion effect, we develop a pair of coupled gap equations for the mixed (s+id)-wave order parameter. It is found that a mixed s+id symmetry state is realized in a certain range of relative strength of the s and d interactions, and there are two second-order transitions between the mixed and the pure symmetry states. Particular attention is paid to the temperature dependence of two components in the mixed order parameter as well as their evolution from a pure s to a pure d symmetry state.published_or_final_versio

Inclusive production of a pair of hadrons separated by a large interval of rapidity in proton collisions

We consider within QCD collinear factorization the inclusive process $p+p\to h_1+h_2+X$, where the pair of identified hadrons, $h_1,h_2$, having large transverse momenta is produced in high-energy proton-proton collisions. In particular, we concentrate on the kinematics where the two identified hadrons in the final state are separated by a large interval of rapidity $\Delta y$. In this case the (calculable) hard part of the reaction receives large higher order corrections $\sim \alpha^n_s \Delta y^n$. We provide a theoretical input for the resummation of such contributions with next-to-leading logarithmic accuracy (NLA) in the BFKL approach. Specifically, we calculate in NLA the vertex (impact-factor) for the inclusive production of the identified hadron. This process has much in common with the widely discussed Mueller-Navelet jets production and can be also used to access the BFKL dynamics at proton colliders. Another application of the obtained identified-hadron vertex could be the NLA BFKL description of inclusive forward hadron production in DIS.Comment: 29 pages, 9 figures; corrected few typos and added an acknowledgment; version to be published on JHEP. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1202.108

Feasibility of Food Recognition and Calorie Estimation of Fast Food and Healthy Meals Available in the Philippines

This paper presents the design and development of a food recognition smartphone application which can also display the estimated calorie/s of the food itself. It is intended for people who would like to monitor their diet through food calorie intake measurement (i.e. user’s daily calorie intake record). It is equipped with a food database consisting of typical fruits and vegetables commonly found in the Philippines. As part of the study, it also includes some of the meals in food chains (i.e. McDonald's, and The Healthy Corner) found in the Philippines where the calorie information is readily available. The result shows 82.86 % accuracy for the top-1 category, and 99.29 % for the top-5 category. The algorithm being used in this project is Artificial Neural Network (ANN) wherein the recognition process must properly be achieved. Furthermore, the aforementioned database is supported by TensorFlow which is an open-source software library for Machine Intelligence

The National Health Accounts of the Philippines: Continuing Development and New Findings

For more than a decade now, the national health accounts (NHA) of the Philippines has been providing data that are important for health policymaking. At present, the NHA not only continues to be important for health policymaking. It has also become indispensable as a tool for monitoring and tracking outcomes of health sector policies. To further expand its usefulness, the Philippine NHA underwent major restructuring, specifically in the classification of health expenditures by uses of funds. The revised NHA now includes several types of breakdown by uses of funds. Analysis of preliminary 2003 estimates of the revised NHA matrices reveals new details of the manner by which health funds are utilized in the Philippines--data that are not available in the original NHA.health sector, national health accounts, health funds