HUBUNGAN ANTARA KONDISI CUACA DENGAN DINAMIKA POPULASI NYAMUK DI KOTA YOGYAKARTA

Dinamika populasi nyamuk merupakan faktor penting untuk menentukan kejadian penyakit tular vektor. Penyakit tular vektor masih menjadi masalah kesehatan di Yogyakarta, namun belum ada kajian mengenai nyamuk vektor secara komprehensif. Analisis lingkungan terutama dari faktor temperatur udara dan curah hujan diperlukan dalam kajian monitoring nyamuk. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan data primer dinamika populasi nyamuk di wilayah Kota Yogyakarta selama satu tahun (April 2015-Juli 2016). Pengumpulan sampel nyamuk dilakukan seminggu sekali dengan Biogents Sentinel trap (BG-S trap) yang dipasang di dalam rumah warga Kota Yogyakarta setiap jarak 500 m2. Data curah hujan dan temperatur udara diperoleh dari Badan Meteorologi Klimatologi dan Geofisika (BMKG) Yogyakarta. Analisis data menggunakan One Way-Anova SPSS 16 dan analisis regresi linear. Berdasarkan hasil penga-matan selama setahun menunjukkan bahwa populasi nyamuk didominasi oleh dua spesies, yaitu Aedes aegypti (L.) dan Culex quinquefasciatus (Say). Peningkatan populasi Ae. aegypti dan Ae. albopictus terjadi pada bulan November-Desember 2015 saat curah hujan dan temperatur tertinggi, berkebalikan dengan Cx. quiquefasciatus. Pengaruh faktor cuaca seperti temperatur serta curah hujan berkorelasi positif dengan populasi Ae. aegypti dan Ae. albopictus, namun berkorelasi negatif dengan populasi Cx. quinquefasciatus

Kajian aspek keamanan nyamuk Aedes aegypti Linnaeus ber-Wolbachia di Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Dengue prevention efforts are limited to the control strategies of its vector and the management of breeding sites. New alternatives for dengue vector control that are sustainable and more environmentally friendly are needed to complement the government’s current efforts. Research on Wolbachia-infected Aedes aegypti Linnaeus mosquitoes as an alternative biocontrol strategy has been performed in Yogyakarta City. However, one of the concerns of the community members and stakeholders about this technology is the safety aspect regarding the transmission of Wolbachia to other species and the possibility that humans will contract Wolbachia. This study aimed to address these concerns, namely to find out whether horizontal transmission of Wolbachia occurred from A. aegypti that were released to other species and whether residents living in the released areas were infected with Wolbachia. The research was conducted in Dusun Nogotirto and Dusun Kronggahan (Sleman Regency), as well as in Dusun Jomblangan and Dusun Singosaren (Bantul Regency), Yogyakarta Special Province. Wolbachia qPCR screening using the target gene WD0513 was performed on 922 Culex quinquefasciatus Say and 331 Aedes albopictus (Skuse). ELISA test was carried out on 190 pairs of plasma samples, namely the sample before the Wolbachia frequency was established (still 80%). The results showed no evidence of Wolbachia transfer from Wolbachia-infected A. aegypti to other mosquito species coexisting in the same habitat or to humans. This study corroborates the safety evidence of Wolbachia-infected A. aegypti technology as an alternative to control dengue virus transmissio

Prevalence and Distribution of Dengue Virus in <i>Aedes aegypti </i>in Yogyakarta City before Deployment of Wolbachia Infected <i>Aedes aegypti</i>

Indonesia is one of the countries where dengue infection is prevalent. In this study we measure the prevalence and distribution of dengue virus (DENV) DENV-infected Aedes aegypti in Yogyakarta City, Indonesia, during the wet season when high dengue transmission period occurred, as baseline data before implementation of a Wolbachia-infected Aedes aegypti trial for dengue control. We applied One-Step Multiplex Real Time PCR (RT-PCR) for the type-specific-detection of dengue viruses in field-caught adult Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. In a prospective field study conducted from December 2015 to May 2016, adult female Aedes aegypti were caught from selected areas in Yogyakarta City, and then screened by using RT-PCR. During the survey period, 36 (0.12%) mosquitoes from amongst 29,252 female mosquitoes were positive for a DENV type. In total, 22.20% of dengue-positive mosquitoes were DENV-1, 25% were DENV-2, 17% were DENV-3, but none were positive for DENV-4. This study has provided dengue virus infection prevalence in field-caught Aedes aegypti and its circulating serotype in Yogyakarta City before deployment of Wolbachia-infected Aedes aegypti

<i>Aedes aegypti</i> abundance and insecticide resistance profiles in the Applying <i>Wolbachia </i>to Eliminate Dengue trial

The Applying Wolbachia to Eliminate Dengue (AWED) trial was a parallel cluster randomised trial that demonstrated Wolbachia (wMel) introgression into Ae. aegypti populations reduced dengue incidence. In this predefined substudy, we compared between treatment arms, the relative abundance of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus before, during and after wMel-introgression. Between March 2015 and March 2020, 60,084 BG trap collections yielded 478,254 Ae. aegypti and 17,623 Ae. albopictus. Between treatment arms there was no measurable difference in Ae. aegypti relative abundance before or after wMel-deployments, with a count ratio of 0.96 (95% CI 0.76, 1.21) and 1.00 (95% CI 0.85, 1.17) respectively. More Ae. aegypti were caught per trap per week in the wMel-intervention arm compared to the control arm during wMel deployments (count ratio 1.23 (95% CI 1.03, 1.46)). Between treatment arms there was no measurable difference in the Ae. albopictus population size before, during or after wMel-deployment (overall count ratio 1.10 (95% CI 0.89, 1.35)). We also compared insecticide resistance phenotypes of Ae. aegypti in the first and second years after wMel-deployments. Ae. aegypti field populations from wMel-treated and untreated arms were similarly resistant to malathion (0.8%), permethrin (1.25%) and cyfluthrin (0.15%) in year 1 and year 2 of the trial. In summary, we found no between-arm differences in the relative abundance of Ae. aegypti or Ae. albopictus prior to or after wMel introgression, and no between-arm difference in Ae. aegypti insecticide resistance phenotypes. These data suggest neither Aedes abundance, nor insecticide resistance, confounded the epidemiological outcomes of the AWED trial