Subdirect Sum of Ternary Rings and Subdirectly Irreducible Ternary Rings

In this paper we introduce the notions of subdirect sum of a family of ternary rings and the representation of a ternary ring as a subdirect sum of a family of ternary rings. We also introduce the notion of subdirectly irreducible ternary ring and characterize it. Lastly we characterize subdirectly irreducible Boolean ternary rings

Optimized Stage Ratio of Tapered CMOS Inverters for Minimum Power and Mismatch Jitter Product

In this paper, an optimum stage ratio (tapering factor) for a tapered CMOS inverter chain is derived to minimize the product of power dissipation and jitter variance due to device mismatch. Analysis shows that this optimum stage ratio (2.4) is lower than that of minimum delay (3.6) and minimum power-delay (6.35) product. This analysis is verified by simulation results using standard 180 nm as well as 90 nm CMOS technology. Knowledge of the optimum stage ratio helps to design low power low mismatch jitter buffers for multi phase clock generation circuits that can drive large load capacitances.\ud \u

Enhanced signal of astrophysical tau neutrinos propagating through Earth

Earth absorbs \nue and \numu of energies above about 100 TeV. As is well-known, although \nutau will also disappear through charged-current interactions, the \nutau flux will be regenerated by prompt tau decays. We show that this process also produces relatively large fluxes of secondary \nube and \nubmu, greatly enhancing the detectability of the initial \nutau. This is particularly important because at these energies \nutau is a significant fraction of the expected astrophysical neutrino flux, and only a tiny portion of the atmospheric neutrino flux.Comment: Four pages, two inline figure

Supernova neutrino oscillations: A simple analytical approach

Analyses of observable supernova neutrino oscillation effects require the calculation of the electron (anti)neutrino survival probability P_ee along a given supernova matter density profile. We propose a simple analytical prescription for P_ee, based on a double-exponential form for the crossing probability and on the concept of maximum violation of adiabaticity. In the case of two-flavor transitions, the prescription is shown to reproduce accurately, in the whole neutrino oscillation parameter space, the results of exact numerical calculations for generic (realistic or power-law) profiles. The analytical approach is then generalized to cover three-flavor transitions with (direct or inverse) mass spectrum hierarchy, and to incorporate Earth matter effects. Compact analytical expressions, explicitly showing the symmetry properties of P_ee, are provided for practical calculations.Comment: 22 pages (RevTeX) + 5 figures (PostScript

Supersymmetric isospectral formalism for the calculation of near-zero energy states: application to the very weakly bound 4{^4}He trimer excited state

We propose a novel mathematical approach for the calculation of near-zero energy states by solving potentials which are isospectral with the original one. For any potential, families of strictly isospectral potentials (with very different shape) having desirable and adjustable features are generated by supersymmetric isospectral formalism. The near-zero energy Efimov state in the original potential is effectively trapped in the deep well of the isospectral family and facilitates more accurate calculation of the Efimov state. Application to the first excited state in 4He trimer is presented.Comment: accepte

Implications of recent solar neutrino observations: an analysis of charged current data

We have analysed the recent results from the observation of charged current \nu_e d \to e^- p p events from solar neutrinos by the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory SNO assuming neutrino oscillations with three active flavours. The data seem to prefer a low mass-squared difference and large mixing angle solution (the so-called LOW solution) in (12) parameter space. However, when combined with the Gallium charged current interaction data from Gallex and GNO, distinct (1\sigma) allowed regions corresponding to the large mixing angle (LMA) and small mixing angle (SMA) appear while the LOW solution is disfavoured upto 3\sigma standard deviation. The physical electron neutrino survival probability corresponding to these best fit solutions are then determined and analysed for their energy dependence.Comment: 16 pages Latex file, with 5 epsf figures; one reference adde

STUDIES ON INCIDENCE AND ANTIBIOGRAM OF SALMONELLA SEROVARS ISOLATED FROM RAW PORK IN AIZAWL AND IMPHAL, INDIA

The study was conducted to determine the incidence, serotypes and antimicrobial resistance profile of Salmonella serovars isolated from raw pork of Aizawl and Imphal, India. A total of 200 raw pork samples (100 from Aizawl and Imphal each) were collected from unorganized butcher shops and subjected for isolation and identification of Salmonella spp. which phenotypically detected 5 Salmonella isolates. The Salmonella isolates were further confirmed genotypically by 16S rRNA genus specific PCR and recorded the incidence rate of 2.50%. Serotyping of the isolates revealed that all the three isolates from Imphal were Salmonella enterica serovar Virchow whereas the two isolates of Aizawl were Salmonella enterica serovar Virchow and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, one each. The antimicrobial sensitivity profile against 16 antimicrobials revealed that amikacin, imipenem, ofloxacine, norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin were 100% sensitive and among the resistant antimicrobials, highest resistance was recorded against ceftriaxone (80.00%) followed by amoxyclav and cotrimoxazole (60.00% each). Presence of Salmonella Typhimurium from raw pork is a matter of concern from hygiene and sanitation. Moreover, the antimicrobial resistance profile showed increasing resistance against cephalosporin, amino-penicillin and amino glycosides

Probing Kaluza-Klein Dark Matter with Neutrino Telescopes

In models in which all of the Standard Model fields live in extra universal dimensions, the lightest Kaluza-Klein (KK) particle can be stable. Calculations of the one-loop radiative corrections to the masses of the KK modes suggest that the identity of the lightest KK particle (LKP) is mostly the first KK excitation of the hypercharge gauge boson. This LKP is a viable dark matter candidate with an ideal present-day relic abundance if its mass is moderately large, between 600 to 1200 GeV. Such weakly interacting dark matter particles are expected to become gravitationally trapped in large bodies, such as the Sun, and annihilate into neutrinos or other particles that decay into neutrinos. We calculate the annihilation rate, neutrino flux and the resulting event rate in present and future neutrino telescopes. The relatively large mass implies that the neutrino energy spectrum is expected to be well above the energy threshold of AMANDA and IceCube. We find that the event rate in IceCube is between a few to tens of events per year.Comment: 13 pages, 3 figures, LaTeX; typos fixed, version to appear in PR

The STAR Photon Multiplicity Detector

Details concerning the design, fabrication and performance of STAR Photon Multiplicity Detector (PMD) are presented. The PMD will cover the forward region, within the pseudorapidity range 2.3--3.5, behind the forward time projection chamber. It will measure the spatial distribution of photons in order to study collective flow, fluctuation and chiral symmetry restoration.Comment: 15 pages, including 11 figures; to appear in a special NIM volume dedicated to the accelerator and detectors at RHI

High Energy Neutrinos from Gamma Ray Bursts: Event Rates in Neutrino Telescopes

Following Waxman and Bahcall we calculate the event rate, energy and zenith angle dependence of neutrinos produced in the fireball model of gamma ray bursts (GRB). We emphasize the primary importance of i) burst-to-burst fluctuations and ii) absorption of the neutrinos in the Earth. From the astronomical point of view, we draw attention to the sensitivity of neutrino measurements to the boost Lorentz factor of the fireball $\Gamma$, which is central to the fireball model, and only indirectly determined by follow-up observations. Fluctuations result in single bursts emitting multiple neutrinos, making it possible to determine the flavor composition of a beam observed after a baseline of thousands of Megaparsecs.Comment: 19 pages, Latex2.09, uses epsfig.sty, 7 postscript figures. Version to be published in Phys. Rev.