Isospin mode splitting and mixing in asymmetric nuclear matter

We estimate exclusive density and asymmetry parameter dependent dispersion relations of various charged states of pions in asymmetric nuclear matter. The possibility of matter induced mixing of $\pi^0$ with $\eta$ is clearly exposed with the further mass modification of $\pi^0$ meson due to mixing. Asymmetry driven mass splitting and mixing amplitude are of the same order as the corresponding values in vacuum. Closed form analytic results for the mass shifts and dispersion relations with and without mixing are presented. Furthermore, we discuss the sensitivity of our results on the scalar mean field within the framework of Quantum Hadrodynamics.Comment: 8 pages, 4 Figure

Optimium Planning of Hybrid Renewable Energy System Using HOMER

A hybrid renewable energy system may be used to reduce dependency on either conventional energy or renewable system. Optimization of hybrid renewable energy systems looks into the process of selecting the best components and its sizing with appropriate operation strategy to provide cheap, efficient, reliable and cost effective alternative energy. In this paper a methodology has been develop for optimum planning of hybrid PV-Wind system with some battergy backup. The local solar radiation, wind data and components database from different manufactures are analyzed and simulated in HOMER to assess the technical and economic viability of the integrated system. Performance of each component will be evaluated and finally sensitivity analysis will be performed to optimize the system at different conditions. Keywords:Optimization, Hybrid system,Renewable system, HOMER, Cost of energy.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v2i1.15

Matter induced charge symmetry breaking and pion form factor in nuclear medium

Medium modification of pion form factor has been evaluated in asymmetric nuclear matter. It is shown that both the shape and the pole position of the pion form factor in dense asymmetric nuclear matter is different from its vacuum counterpart with $\rho$-$\omega$ mixing. This is due to the density and asymmetry dependent $\rho$-$\omega$ mixing which could even dominate over its vacuum counterpart in matter. Effect of the in-medium pion factor on experimental observables {\it e.g.}, invariant mass distribution of lepton pairs has been demonstrated.Comment: Final Version to appear in Jour. Phys.

Four problems with global carbon markets: a critical review

This article offers a critique of global carbon markets and trading, with a special focus on the Clean Development Mechanism of the Kyoto Protocol. It explores problems with the use of tradable permits to address climate change revolving around four areas: homogeneity, justice, gaming, and information. Homogeneity problems arise from the non-linear nature of climate change and sensitivity of emissions, which complicate attempts to calculate carbon offsets. Justice problems involve issues of dependency and the concentration of wealth among the rich, meaning carbon trading often counteracts attempts to reduce poverty. Gaming problems include pressures to promote high-volume, least-cost projects and the consequences of emissions leakage. Information problems encompass transaction costs related to carbon trading and market participation and the comparatively weak institutional capacity of project evaluators